Editing Samogitian language

{{Short description|Eastern Baltic language spoken in Lithuania}}
{{Distinguish|Samoyedic languages}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2008}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Samogitian
| nativename       = {{lang|sgs|Žemaitiu kalba}}
| states           = [[Lithuania]]
| region           = [[Samogitia]]
| speakers         = < 500,000
| date             = 2009
| ref              = <ref>{{cite web| url=http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/cr_files/2009-050_sgs.pdf| title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3| publisher=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority| date=2009-08-11}}</ref>
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]]
| fam3             = [[East Baltic languages|East Baltic]]
| fam4             = [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
| iso3             = sgs
| glotto           = samo1265
| glottorefname    = Samogitian
| map              = Dialecto samogitiano.PNG
| mapcaption       = {{Legend|#7D399D|Area where Samogitian is spoken}}
}}

'''Samogitian''' ({{langx|sgs|label=[[endonym]]|žemaitiu kalba|}} or sometimes {{lang|sgs|žemaitiu rokunda}}, {{lang|sgs|žemaitiu šnekta}} or {{lang|sgs|žemaitiu ruoda}}; {{langx|lt|žemaičių tarmė, žemaičių kalba}}),<ref>Juozas Pabrėža. ''Žemaičių kalba ir rašyba''. Šiauliai: Šiaulių universitetas, 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yRz0DQAAQBAJ&q=standardisation+of+samogitian&pg=PA177 |title=Multilingual Europe, Multilingual Europeans |date=2012 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-94-012-0803-1 |editor-last=Marácz |editor-first=László |page=177 |language=en |editor-last2=Rosello |editor-first2=Mireille}}</ref> is an Eastern Baltic language spoken primarily in [[Samogitia]] and is often considered a [[Lithuanian dialects|dialect of Lithuanian]]. 

It has preserved many features of the extinct [[Curonian language]], such as specific phonological traits and vocabulary. Samogitian differs significantly from [[Lithuanian language|standard Lithuanian]] in phonetics, morphology, syntax, and lexis, with unique archaic features not found in other Lithuanian dialects. This difference often causes speakers of Aukštaitian dialects to not be able to understand speakers of Samogitian.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Subačius |first1=Giedrius |title=The Lithuanian language: traditions and trends |date=2005 |publisher=The Lithuanian Institute, [[Ministry of Culture (Lithuania)|Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania]] |isbn=9955-548-09-6 |url=https://subacius.people.uic.edu/SUB_KN/SUB_2005_Lith_Lang_2nd_ed_ENGLISH.pdf |page=7 |access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref> The use of Samogitian is currently in decline, with limited presence in media and education. Efforts are being made to preserve the language, including local initiatives and cultural societies.

== History ==
[[File:Baltic Tribes c 1200.svg|thumb|250px|right|The Samogitians, Lithuanians and other Baltic tribes, around the year 1200]]
The Samogitian language, heavily influenced by [[Curonian language|Curonian]], originated from the [[East Baltic languages|East Baltic]] proto-Samogitian dialect which was close to [[Aukštaitian dialect]]s.

During the 5th century, Proto-Samogitians migrated from the lowlands of central Lithuania, near [[Kaunas]], into the [[Dubysa]] and [[Jūra]] basins, as well as into the [[Samogitian Upland]]. They displaced or assimilated the local, Curonian-speaking [[Baltic peoples|Baltic]] populations. Further north, they displaced or assimilated the indigenous [[Semigallian language|Semigallian]]-speaking peoples. Assimilation of Curonians and Semigallians gave birth to the three Samogitian subdialects.

In the 13th century, Žemaitija became a part of the Baltic confederation called [[Duchy of Lithuania|Lietuva]] (Lithuania), which was formed by [[Mindaugas]]. Lithuania conquered the coast of the [[Baltic Sea]] from the [[Livonian order]]. The coast was populated by [[Curonians]], but became a part of [[Eldership of Samogitia|Samogitia]]. From the 13th century onwards, Samogitians settled within the former Curonian lands, and intermarried with the population over the next three hundred years. The Curonians were assimilated by the 16th century. Its [[Curonian language|dying language]] has influenced the dialect, in particular phonetics.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

The earliest writings in the Samogitian language appeared in the 19th century.

== Phonology ==
Samogitian and its subdialects preserved many features of the Curonian language, for example:
*widening of proto Baltic short ''i'' (i → ė sometimes e)
*widening of proto Baltic short ''u'' (u → o)
*preservation of West Baltic diphthong ''ei'' (standard Lithuanian {{lang|mis|ie}} → Samogitian ''ėi'')
*no t' d' palatalization to č dž (Latvian š, ž)
*specific lexis, like cīrulis (lark), pīle (duck), leitis (Lithuanian) etc.
*retraction of stress
*shortening of ending -as to -s like in [[Latvian language|Latvian]] and [[Old Prussian]] ([[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] [[o-stem]])
as well as various other features not listed here.

The earliest writings in Samogitian language appeared in the 16th century ([[Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas]] has been written mostly in south Samogtian dialect), more in 18th century (starting with "Ziwatas Pona Yr Diewa Musu Jezusa Christusa" written in 1759 in north Samogitian dialect).

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! colspan=2|[[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan=2|[[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan=3|[[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align=center
![[Close vowel|High]]
| {{IPA link|i}} || {{IPA link|ɪ}} || colspan=2| || rowspan="2" | ({{IPA link|ɤ}})|| colspan=2|{{IPA link|u}}
|- align=center
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| {{IPA link|e}} || {{IPA link|e̞}} || colspan=2| || {{IPA link|ɔ}} || {{IPA link|o}}
|- align=center
![[Open vowel|Low]]
| {{IPA link|æ}} || {{IPA link|ɛ}} || {{IPA link|ɐ}} || {{IPA link|ä|a}} || colspan=3|
|}

({{IPA link|ɤ}}) ė may be retracted in some sub-dialects to form ({{IPA link|ɤ}}) represented by the letter õ. Tėkrus → tõkrus, lėngvus → lõngvus, tėn → tõn. The vowel can be realized as close-mid central [ɘ] or close-mid back [ɤ], depending on the speaker.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|- 
! colspan="2" |
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br/>[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]/<br/>[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n̪|n}}
| {{IPA link|ɲ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Stop consonant|Stop]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
| {{IPA link|p}}
| {{IPA link|t̪|t}}
| {{IPA link|c}}
| {{IPA link|k}}
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|d̪|d}}
| {{IPA link|ɟ}}
| {{IPA link|ɡ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
|
| {{IPA link|t̪͡s̪|t͡s}}
| {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}
|
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
|
| {{IPA link|d̪͡z̪|d͡z}}
| {{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
| ({{IPA link|f}})
| {{IPA link|s̪|s}}
| {{IPA link|ʃ}}
| ({{IPA link|x}})
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
| {{IPA link|v}}
| {{IPA link|z̪|z}}
| {{IPA link|ʒ}}
| ({{IPA link|ɣ}})
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
| {{IPA link|l̪|l}}
| {{IPA link|ʎ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
| {{IPA link|r}}
|
|
|}

== Grammar ==
The Samogitian language is highly [[inflected language|inflected]] like [[Lithuanian language|standard Lithuanian]], in which the relationships between parts of speech and their roles in a sentence are expressed by numerous flexions.
There are two [[grammatical genders]] in Samogitian – feminine and masculine. Relics of historical [[Neuter gender|neuter]] are almost fully extinct while in standard Lithuanian some isolated forms remain. Those forms are replaced by masculine ones in Samogitian. Samogitian [[Stress (linguistics)|stress]] is mobile but often retracted at the end of words, and is also characterised by [[pitch accent]]. Samogitian has a broken tone like the [[Latvian language|Latvian]] and [[Danish language|Danish]] languages. The circumflex of standard Lithuanian is replaced by an acute tone in Samogitian.

It has five [[noun]] and three [[adjective]] [[declensions]]. Noun declensions are different from standard Lithuanian (see the next section). There are only two [[verb]] conjugations. All verbs have [[Present tense|present]], [[Past tense|past]], [[Past iterative tense|past iterative]] and [[Future tense|future]] [[Grammatical tense|tenses]] of the [[indicative mood]], [[subjunctive]] (or [[Conditional mood|conditional]]) and [[imperative mood]]s (both without distinction of tenses) and [[infinitive]]. The formation of past iterative is different from standard Lithuanian. There are three numbers in Samogitian: [[Grammatical number|singular]], [[plural]] and [[Dual (grammatical number)|dual]]. Dual is almost extinct in standard Lithuanian. The third person of all three numbers is common.
Samogitian as the standard Lithuanian has a very rich system of participles, which are derived from all tenses with distinct active and passive forms, and several gerund forms. Nouns and other declinable words are declined in eight cases: [[nominative]], [[genitive]], [[dative]], [[accusative]], [[Instrumental case|instrumental]], [[locative]] ([[inessive]]), [[vocative]] and [[illative]].

== Literature ==
The earliest writings in Samogitian dialect appear in the 19th century. Famous authors writing in Samogitian:
*{{ill|Silvestras Teofilis Valiūnas|lt}} and his heroic poem “Biruta”, first printed in 1829. “Biruta” became a hymn of Lithuanian student emigrants in the 19th century.
*[[Simonas Stanevičius]] (Sėmuons Stanevėčios) with his famous book {{lang|sgs|Šešės pasakas}} (Six fables) printed in 1829.
*[[Simonas Daukantas]] (Sėmuons Daukonts in Samogitian), he was the first Lithuanian historian writing in Lithuanian (actually in its dialect). His famous book – {{lang|sgs|Būds Senovės Lietuviu Kalnienu ir Zamaitiu}} (Customs of ancient Lithuanian highlanders and Samogitians) was printed in 1854.
*[[Motiejus Valančius]] (Muotiejos Valončios or Valontė) and one of his books {{lang|sgs|Palangos Juzė}} (Joseph of Palanga), printed in 1869.
There are no written grammar books in Samogitian because it was considered to be a dialect of [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]], but there were some attempts to standardise its written form. Among those who have tried are {{ill|Stasys Anglickis|lt}}, {{ill|Pranas Genys|lt}}, [[Sofija Kymantaitė-Čiurlionienė]], [[B. Jurgutis]], {{ill|Juozas Pabrėža|lt}}.
Today, Samogitian has a standardised writing system but it still remains a spoken language, as nearly everyone writes in their native speech.

== Differences from Standard Lithuanian ==
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2024}}
Samogitian differs from Standard Lithuanian in [[phonetics]], [[lexicon]], [[syntax]] and [[morphology (linguistics)|morphology]].

Phonetic differences from standard Lithuanian are varied, each Samogitian subdialect (West, North and South) has different reflections.

Standard Lithuanian → Samogitian

*i → short ė, sometimes e;
*u → short o (in some cases u);
*ė → {{lang|mis|ie}};
*o → uo;
*{{lang|mis|ie}} → long ė, ėi, ī (y) (West, North and South);
*uo → ō, ou, ū (West, North and South);
*ai → ā ;
*ei, iai → ē;
*ui → oi;
*oi (oj) → uo;
*an → on (an in south-east);
*un → on (un in south-east);
*ą → an in south-eastern, on in the central region and ō or ou in the north;
*ę → en in south-eastern, ėn in the central region and õ, ō or ėi in the north;
*ū → ū (in some cases un, um);
*ų in stressed endings → un and um;
*unstressed ų → o;
*y → ī (y), sometimes in;
*i from ancient ī → ī;
*u from ancient ō (Lithuanian uo) → ō, ou, ū (West, North and South)
*i from ancient ei (Lithuanian {{lang|mis|ie}}) → long ė, ėi, ī (West, North and South)
*č → t (also č under Lithuanian influence);
*dž → d (also dž under Lithuanian influence);
*ia → ė (somewhere between i and e);
*io → ė (somewhere between i and e);
*unstressed ią → ė (somewhere between i and e);

The main difference between Samogitian and standard Lithuanian is verb [[Grammatical conjugation|conjugation]].
The [[past iterative tense]] is formed differently from Lithuanian (e.g., in Lithuanian the [[past iterative tense]], meaning that action which was done in the past repeatedly, is made by removing the ending ''-ti'' and adding ''-davo'' (''mirti'' – ''mirdavo'', ''pūti'' – ''pūdavo''), while in Samogitian, the word ''liuob'' is added instead before the word). The second verb conjugation merged with the first in Samogitian. The plural reflexive ending is ''-muos'' instead of expected ''-mies'' which is in standard Lithuanian (''-mės'') and other dialects. Samogitian preserved a lot of relics of athematic conjugation which did not survive in standard Lithuanian. The intonation in the future tense third person is the same as in the infinitive, in standard Lithuanian it shifts. The subjunctive conjugation is different from standard Lithuanian. Dual is preserved perfectly while in standard Lithuanian it has been completely lost.

The differences between [[Nominal (linguistics)|nominals]] are considerable too.
The fifth noun declension has almost completely merged with the third declension. The plural and some singular cases of the fourth declension have endings of the first declension (e.g.: singular nominative ''{{lang|sgs|sūnos}}'', plural nom. ''{{lang|sgs|sūnā}}'', in standard Lithuanian: sg. nom. ''{{lang|lt|sūnus}}'', pl. nom. ''{{lang|lt|sūnūs}}''). The neuter of adjectives has been pushed out by adverbs (except for ''{{lang|sgs|šėlt}}'' 'warm', ''{{lang|sgs|šalt}}'' 'cold', ''{{lang|sgs|karšt}}'' 'hot') in Samogitian. Neuter pronouns were replaced by masculine. The second declension of adjectives has almost merged with the first declension, with only singular nominative case endings staying separate. The formation of pronominals is also different from standard Lithuanian.

== Other morphological differences ==
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2024}}
Samogitian also has many words and figures of speech that are altogether different from typically Lithuanian ones, e.g., ''{{lang|sgs|kiuocis}}'' – basket (Lith. {{lang|lt|krepšys}}, Latvian {{lang|lv|ķocis}}), ''{{lang|sgs|tevs}}'' – thin (Lith. {{lang|lt|plonas, tęvas}}, Latvian {{lang|lv|tievs}}), ''{{lang|sgs|rebas}}'' – ribs (Lith. {{lang|lt|šonkauliai}}, Latvian {{lang|lv|ribas}}), ''{{lang|sgs|a jebentas!}}'' – "can't be!" (Lith. {{lang|lt|negali būti!}}) and many more.

== Dialects ==
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2024}}
[[File:Map of Samogitian dialect.svg|thumb|250px|Map of the sub-dialects of the Lithuanian language (Zinkevičius and Girdenis, 1965).
{{legend|#986b1f|Western Samogitian sub-dialect}}
Northern Samogitian :
{{legend|#e65c5c|Sub-dialect of Kretinga}}
{{legend|#e26399|Sub-dialect of Telšiai}}
Southern Samogitian :
{{legend|#e8ec0e|Sub-dialect of Varniai}}
{{legend|#f3b317|Sub-dialect of Raseiniai}}]]
Samogitian is divided into three major dialects: Northern Samogitian (spoken in [[Telšiai]] and [[Kretinga]] regions), Western Samogitian (was spoken in the region around [[Klaipėda Region|Klaipėda]], now nearly extinct, – after 1945, many people were expelled and new ones came to this region) and Southern Samogitian (spoken in [[Varniai]], [[Kelmė]], [[Tauragė]] and [[Raseiniai]] regions). Historically, these are classified by their pronunciation of the [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] word ''Duona,'' "bread". They are referred to as [[Dounininkai]] (from ''Douna''), [[Donininkai]] (from ''Dona'') and [[Dūnininkai]] (from ''Dūna'').

== Political situation ==
The Samogitian language is rapidly declining: it is not used in the local school system and there is only one quarterly magazine and no television broadcasts in Samogitian. There are some radio broadcasts in Samogitian (in [[Klaipėda]] and [[Telšiai]]). Local newspapers and broadcast stations use standard [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] instead. There is no new literature in Samogitian either, as authors prefer standard Lithuanian for its accessibility to a larger audience. Out of those people who speak Samogitian, only a few can understand its written form.

Migration of Samogitian speakers to other parts of the country and migration into Samogitia have reduced contact between Samogitian speakers, and therefore the level of fluency of those speakers.

There are attempts by the [[Samogitian Cultural Society]] to stem the loss of the dialect. The council of [[Telšiai]] city put marks with Samogitian names for the city at the roads leading to the city, while the council of [[Skuodas]] claim to use the language during the sessions. A new system for writing Samogitian was created.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

== Writing system ==
The first use of a unique writing system for Samogitian was in the [[interwar period]], however it was neglected during the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] period, so only elderly people knew how to write in Samogitian at the time Lithuania regained independence. The Samogitian Cultural Society renewed the system to make it more usable.

The writing system uses similar letters to standard Lithuanian, but with the following differences:

*There are no [[nasal vowel]]s (letters with [[ogonek]]s: ą, ę, į, ų).
*There are five additional [[vowel length|long vowels]], written with [[Macron (diacritic)|macron]]s above (as in [[Latvian language|Latvian]]): ā, ē, ė̄, ī, and ō. Lithuanian only has one letter with a macron: ū.
*Long i in Samogitian is written with a macron above: ī (unlike standard Lithuanian where it is y).
*The long vowel ė is written like ė with macron: Ė̄  and ė̄. [[:sgs:Image:E smg.jpg|Image:E smg.jpg]] In the pre-Unicode 8-bit computer fonts for Samogitian, the letter 'ė with macron' was mapped on the code of the letter õ. From this circumstance a belief sprang that 'ė with macron' could be substituted with the character õ. It is not so, however. In fact, if the letter 'ė with macron' is for some reason not available, it can be substituted with the doubling of the macron-less letter, that is, 'ėė'.
*There are two additional [[diphthongs]] in Samogitian that are written as [[digraph (orthography)|digraph]]s: ou and ėi. (The component letters are part of the standard Lithuanian alphabet.)

As previously it was difficult to add these new characters to typesets, some older Samogitian texts use double letters instead of macrons to indicate long vowels, for example aa for ā and ee for ē; now the Samogitian Cultural Society discourages these conventions and recommends using the letters with macrons above instead. The use of double letters is accepted in cases where computer [[font]]s do not have Samogitian letters; in such cases y is used instead of Samogitian ī, the same as in standard Lithuanian, while other long letters are written as double letters. The [[apostrophe]] might be used to denote [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalization]] in some cases; in others i is used for this, as in standard Lithuanian.

A Samogitian computer keyboard layout has been created.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

Samogitian alphabet:

{| align=center cellpadding=10 style="text-align:center;"
|-
|align="left"|''Letter''<br />''Name''||'''A a''' <br/> [ā]
|'''Ā ā''' <br/> [ėlguojė ā]
|'''B b''' <br/> [bė]
|'''C c''' <br/> [cė]
|'''Č č''' <br/> [čė]
|'''D d''' <br/> [dė]
|'''E e''' <br/> [ē]
|'''Ē ē''' <br/> [ėlguojė ē]
|-
|align="left"|''Letter''<br />''Name''||'''Ė ė''' <br/>[ė̄]
|'''Ė̄ ė̄''' <br/>[ėlguojė ė̄]
|'''F f''' <br/>[ėf]
|'''G g''' <br/>[gė, gie]
|'''H h''' <br/>[hā]
|'''I i''' <br/>[ī]
|'''Ī ī''' <br/>[ėlguojė ī]
|'''J j''' <br/>[jot]
|-
|align="left"|''Letter''<br />''Name''||'''K k''' <br/>[kā]
|'''L l''' <br/>[ėl]
|'''M m''' <br/>[ėm]
|'''N n''' <br/>[ėn]
|'''O o''' <br/>[ō]
|'''Ō ō''' <br/>[ėlguojė ō]
|'''P p''' <br/>[pė]
|'''R r''' <br/>[ėr]
|-
|align="left"|''Letter''<br />''Name''||'''S s''' <br/>[ės]
|'''Š š''' <br/>[ėš]
|'''T t''' <br/>[tė]
|'''U u''' <br/>[ū]
|'''Ū ū''' <br/>[ėlguojė ū]
|'''V v''' <br/>[vė]
|'''Z z''' <br/>[zė, zet]
|'''Ž ž''' <br/>[žė, žet].
|}

==Samples==
{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Samogitian
!Lithuanian
!Latvian
![[Latgalian language|Latgalian]]
|-
||Samogitian|| '''''žemaitiu ruoda'''''|| žemaičių tarmė || žemaišu valoda || žemaišu volūda
|-
||English || '''''onglu kalba'''''|| anglų kalba || angļu valoda || ongļu volūda
|-
||Yes || ''Je, Noje, Tēp''|| Taip || Jā || Nuj
|-
||No || ''Ne''|| Ne || Nē || Nā
|-
||Hello! || ''Svēks''|| Sveikas || Sveiks || Vasals
|-
||How are you? || ''Kāp gīvenė?''|| Kaip gyveni / laikaisi / einasi? || Kā tev iet? || Kai īt?
|-
||Good evening! || ''Lab vakar!''|| Labas vakaras! || Labvakar! || Lobs vokors!
|-
||Welcome [to...] || ''Svēkė atvīkė̄!''|| Sveiki atvykę || Laipni lūdzam || Vasali atguojuši
|-
||Good night! || ''Labanakt''|| Labos nakties / Labanakt!|| Ar labu nakti || Lobys nakts!
|-
||Goodbye! || ''Sudieu, vėsa gera''|| Viso gero / Sudie(vu) / Viso labo! || Visu labu || Palicyt vasali
|-
||Have a nice day! || ''Geruos dėinuos!''|| Geros dienos / Labos dienos! || Jauku dienu! || Breineigu dīnu
|-
||Good luck! || ''Siekmies!''|| Sėkmės! || Veiksmi! || Lai lūbsīs!
|-
||Please || ''Prašau''|| Prašau || Lūdzu || Lyudzams
|-
||Thank you || ''Diekou''|| Ačiū / Dėkui / Dėkoju || Paldies || Paļdis
|-
||You're welcome || ''Prašuom''|| Prašom || Lūdzu! || Lyudzu!
|-
||I'm sorry ||''Atsėprašau''|| Atsiprašau / Atleiskite || Atvaino (Piedod) || Atlaid
|-
||Who? || ''Kas?''|| Kas? || Kas? (Kurš?) || Kas?
|-
||When? || ''Kumet?''|| Kada / Kuomet? || Kad? || Kod?
|-
||Where? || ''Kor?''|| Kur? || Kur? || Kur?
|-
||Why? || ''Kudie / Dikuo?''|| Kodėl / Dėl ko? || Kādēļ? (Kāpēc?) || Dieļ kuo?
|-
||What's your name? || ''Kuoks tava vards?|| Koks tavo vardas? / Kuo tu vardu? || Kāds ir tavs vārds? (Kā tevi sauc?) || Kai tevi sauc?
|-
||Because || ''Tudie / Dituo''|| Todėl / Dėl to || Tādēļ (Tāpēc) || Dieļ tuo
|-
||How? || ''Kāp?''|| Kaip? || Kā? || Kai?
|-
||How much? || ''Kėik?''|| Kiek? || Cik daudz? || Cik daudzi?
|-
||I do not understand. || ''Nesopronto/Nasopronto''|| Nesuprantu || Nesaprotu || Nasaprūtu
|-
||I understand. || ''Soprontu''|| Suprantu || Saprotu || Saprūtu
|-
||Help me!|| ''Ratavuokėt!''|| Padėkite / Gelbėkite! || Palīgā! || Paleigā!
|-
||Where is the toilet?|| ''Kor īr tolets?''|| Kur yra tualetas? || Kur ir tualete? || Kur irā tualets?
|-
||Do you speak English? || ''Rokounateis onglėškā?''|| (Ar) kalbate angliškai? || Vai runājat angliski? || Runuojit ongliski?
|-
||I don't speak Samogitian.|| ''Nerokoujous žemaitėškā.'' || Žemaitiškai nekalbu || Es nerunāju žemaitiski || As narunuoju žemaitiski
|-
||The check, please. (In restaurant)|| ''Sāskaita prašītiuo''|| Prašyčiau sąskaitą / Sąskaitą, prašyčiau / Sąskaitą, prašau, pateikite || Rēķinu, lūdzu! || Lyudzu, saskaitu
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{InterWiki|code=bat-smg}}
{{Wiktionary category|type=Samogitian dialect|category=Samogitian language}}
*{{wikivoyage inline|Samogitian phrasebook}}
*[http://samogitia.mch.mii.lt/index-en.htm Samogitia]
*[http://samogitia.mch.mii.lt/KALBA/girdstr.en.htm#Map Maps of Lithuania with Samogitian Dialects' Borders]
*[[:sgs:Lietoviu - žemaitiu ruodū žuodīns|Samogitian dictionary]] {{in lang|sgs}}

{{Languages of Lithuania}}
{{Baltic languages}}
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[[Category:Lithuanian dialects]]
[[Category:Articles citing ISO change requests]]
[[Category:Samogitia|Dialect]]
[[Category:East Baltic languages]]