Editing Sanda, Hyōgo

{{About|the city of '''Sanda''' in Japan|other uses|Sanda (disambiguation)}}
{{use mdy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Sanda
| official_name      = 
| native_name        = {{nobold|{{nobold|{{lang|ja|三田市}}}}}}
| native_name_lang   = ja
| settlement_type    = [[Cities of Japan|City]]
| other_name         = 
| image_skyline      = Sanda_montage.JPG
| image_caption      = top left:Bodai-ji; right: Sanda Castle<br/>
2nd row: Sanda Castle<br/>
3rd row:Hokusetsu Sanda New Town<br/>
4th row left:JR Sanda Station; right:Aono Dam
| image_flag         = Flag of Sanda, Hyogo.svg
| image_seal         = Emblem of Sanda, Hyōgo.svg
| image_map          = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=265|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=10}}
| image_map1         = Sanda in Hyogo Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_caption        = Location of Sanda in Hyōgo Prefecture
| pushpin_map        = Japan
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan
| coordinates        = {{coord|34|53|N|135|14|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = Japan
| subdivision_type1  = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Kansai region|Kansai]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Hyōgo Prefecture| Hyōgo]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Districts of Japan|District]]
| subdivision_name3  = 
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = [[Katsuya Tamura]]
| leader_title1      = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1       = 
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_total_km2     = 210.32
| population_total   = 108,452
| population_as_of   = November 1, 2021
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1          = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| utc_offset1        = +09:00
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| blank_name_sec1    = City hall address
| blank_info_sec1    = 2-1-1, Miwa, Sanda-shi, Hyōgo-ken<br />669-1595
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2    = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
| website            = {{Official|1=http://www.city.sanda.lg.jp/}}
| module             = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
 | tree = [[Japanese red pine]]
 | flower = [[Satsuki azalea]]
 | bird = [[Green pheasant]]
 | butterfly = 
 | fish = 
}}
}}
[[File:Sanda City Hall Main Building.jpg|thumb|Sanda City Office]]
[[File:Sanda-city aruban area in 1974.JPG|thumb|Aerial view of Sanda city center in 1974]]
[[File:Street in Sanda.jpg|thumb|Residential street in Sanda]]

{{nihongo|'''Sanda'''|三田市|Sanda-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Hyōgo Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of|2022|11|01}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 108,452 in 47,018 households and a [[population density]] of 520 persons per km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="Sanda-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.sanda.lg.jp|title= Sanda city official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|210.32|sqkm|sqmi}}.

==Geography==
Sanda City is located in southeast [[Hyōgo Prefecture]], about {{convert|25|km}} to the north of the city of [[Kobe]] beyond the [[Mount Rokkō|Rokkō Mountains]] and about {{convert|35|km}} northwest of the city of [[Osaka]]. The highest elevation point in the city is {{convert|697|m}} at Mt. Mine, and the lowest elevation point is {{convert|116|m}}. The northern and eastern parts of the city are mountainous. In the past, it had the appearance of a typical farming village with rural scenery, but due to the development of large-scale housing complexes since the 1980s and the convenience of double-track electrification of the JR Fukuchiyama Line, it has rapidly become a satellite city of Osaka and Kobe.

===Rivers===
The [[Muko River]] runs through Sanda from Sasayama City in the north to Osaka Bay in the southeast.
The size of the drainage basin is 496&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. The river is host to events and festivals throughout the year.

=== Neighbouring municipalities ===
Hyōgo Prefecture
*[[Inagawa, Hyōgo |Inagawa]]
*[[Katō, Hyōgo | Katō]]
*[[Kobe, Hyōgo |Kobe]]
*[[Miki, Hyōgo |Miki]]
*[[Takarazuka, Hyōgo |Takarazuka]]
*[[Tamba-Sasayama, Hyōgo |Tamba-Sasayama]]

===Climate===
Sanda has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'') with hot summers and cool to cold winters. Precipitation is significantly higher in summer than in winter, though on the whole lower than most parts of [[Honshū]], and there is no significant snowfall. The average annual temperature in Sanda is {{convert|14.1|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|1281.8|mm}} with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{convert|26.4|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{convert|2.5|C}}.<ref name=normals/> The highest temperature ever recorded in Sanda was {{cvt|38.4|C}} on 8 August 1994; the coldest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-10.6|C}} on 23 December 2005.<ref name=extremes/>

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Sanda (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
|Jan record high C = 17.4
|Feb record high C = 20.8
|Mar record high C = 22.9
|Apr record high C = 29.1
|May record high C = 31.4
|Jun record high C = 35.2
|Jul record high C = 37.2
|Aug record high C = 38.4
|Sep record high C = 36.8
|Oct record high C = 32.1
|Nov record high C = 25.3
|Dec record high C = 22.1
|Jan record low C = -10.1
|Feb record low C = -9.5
|Mar record low C = -6.3
|Apr record low C = -2.8
|May record low C = -1.2
|Jun record low C = 7.0
|Jul record low C = 12.6
|Aug record low C = 14.1
|Sep record low C = 7.6
|Oct record low C = 0.1
|Nov record low C = -3.7
|Dec record low C = -10.6
|Jan high C = 7.7
|Feb high C = 8.7
|Mar high C = 12.6
|Apr high C = 18.5
|May high C = 23.5
|Jun high C = 26.5
|Jul high C = 30.2
|Aug high C = 31.8
|Sep high C = 27.4
|Oct high C = 21.7
|Nov high C = 16.0
|Dec high C = 10.3
|Jan mean C = 2.5
|Feb mean C = 3.3
|Mar mean C = 6.8
|Apr mean C = 12.3
|May mean C = 17.5
|Jun mean C = 21.6
|Jul mean C = 25.5
|Aug mean C = 26.4
|Sep mean C = 22.3
|Oct mean C = 16.1
|Nov mean C = 10.0
|Dec mean C = 4.7
|Jan low C = -2.2
|Feb low C = -1.8
|Mar low C = 1.0
|Apr low C = 5.9
|May low C = 11.4
|Jun low C = 17.1
|Jul low C = 21.6
|Aug low C = 22.1
|Sep low C = 17.9
|Oct low C = 11.0
|Nov low C = 4.4
|Dec low C = -0.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 41.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 52.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 92.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 94.7
|May precipitation mm = 125.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 165.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 171.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 128.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 165.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 127.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 66.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 50.4
|year precipitation mm = 1281.8
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 5.8
|Feb precipitation days = 6.8
|Mar precipitation days = 9.8
|Apr precipitation days = 9.4
|May precipitation days = 10.1
|Jun precipitation days = 11.4
|Jul precipitation days = 10.5
|Aug precipitation days = 8.4
|Sep precipitation days = 10.3
|Oct precipitation days = 8.5
|Nov precipitation days = 6.4
|Dec precipitation days = 6.6
|Jan sun = 134.6
|Feb sun = 128.9
|Mar sun = 157.8
|Apr sun = 181.2
|May sun = 182.9
|Jun sun = 131.9
|Jul sun = 148.4
|Aug sun = 198.7
|Sep sun = 146.7
|Oct sun = 158.5
|Nov sun = 143.2
|Dec sun = 140.5
|year sun = 1853.3
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref name=extremes>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=63&block_no=0969&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = April 8, 2022}}</ref><ref name=normals>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=63&block_no=0969&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値） 
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = April 8, 2022}}</ref>}}

==Demographics==
Per Japanese census data, the population of Sanda in 2020 was 109,238 people.<ref name=zensus/> Sanda has been conducting censuses since 1920.
{{Historical populations
| 1920 | 22008
| 1925 | 22238
| 1930 | 23513
| 1935 | 23212
| 1940 | 24282
| 1945 | 33145
| 1950 | 33211
| 1955 | 33667
| 1960 | 32528
| 1965 | 32265
| 1970 | 33090
| 1975 | 35261
| 1980 | 36529
| 1985 | 40716
| 1990 | 64560
| 1995 | 96279
| 2000 | 111737
| 2005 | 113572
| 2010 | 114220
| 2015 | 112691
| 2020 | 109238
|align = none
|footnote = Sanda population statistics<ref name=zensus>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/hyogo/ Sanda population statistics]</ref>
}}

==History==
The area of Sanda was part of ancient [[Settsu Province]], and has been inhabited since the [[Japanese Paleolithic]] period.  The name "Sanda" has been in use since long ago. Records found within a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[Maitreya]] statue in the ancient Konshin-ji Temple read: "These areas are decreed as Matsuyama's land, which includes Onden, Hiden and Keiden, which are three rice fields, and the land is thus renamed Sanda." In Japanese, "san" means three and "ta" (pronounced "da" following "n") means rice field. The earliest document on record which refers to Sanda is from 1477.

Sanda Castle was erected during the [[Muromachi period]]. A [[jōkamachi|castle town]] later developed during the [[Azuchi-Momoyama period]], and under the [[Edo Period]] [[Tokugawa shogunate]]. Sanda was the center of the 36,000 ''[[koku]]'' [[Sanda Domain]], ruled through most of its history by the Kuki clan.

Following the [[Meiji restoration]], the town of Sanda was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system.  The town prospered thanks to the completion of a railroad system which connected the town and the surrounding areas. In 1956, the towns of Miwa, Hirono, Ono, and Takahira merged into the town of Sanda. Finally, Sanda annexed Aino, itself a merger of towns Ai and Honjō, in 1957. Sanda was upgraded from a town to a city on July 1, 1958. 

==Government==
Sanda has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 22 members. Sanda  contributes two members to the Hyōgo Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is within Hyōgo 5th districts of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].

===General hospitals===
*Sanda City Hospital/Keyakidai
*Hyogo Chuo Hospital/Ohara

==Economy==
Sanda has a mixed economy of commerce, light manufacturing and agriculture. It is increasingly a [[commuter town]] for Osaka and Kobe.

===Industries===
Mitsubishi Electric (Melco) has a large R&D and production campus in Sanda. Many large industries in Sanda city are concentrated in the Hokusetsu Sanda Technopark.
The industries represented primarily include pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food, and distribution.
Some specific companies based in the Technopark are:
*[[Iris Ohyama]] (Plastics/chemicals)
*Morita (fire engine manufacturing)
*Asahi Foods (food)
*Soft99 Corporation (car wax/chemicals)
*Nippon Polyester (polyester/chemicals)
*Hayashi (tower/chemicals)
*Kishida Chemical (chemicals)
*Tamapori (polystyrene/chemicals)
*Kiribai Kobayashi (drug-manufacturing, disposable heating pad/chemicals)
*Hokuseisha (printing)
*Sastech (stainless steel)
*Ueno Drug (drug/chemicals)

==Education==
Sanda has 20 public elementary schools, nine public middle schools and four high schools operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Hyōgo Prefectural Board of Education. In addition, the prefecture also operates two special education schools for the handicapped. The [[Minatogawa College]], a junior college, is located in the city

===High schools (grades 10-12)===
*Arima High School
*Hokusetsu Sanda High School
*Sanda Gakuen High School (private)
*Sanda Seiryo High School
*Sanda Shounkan High School
*Sanda Shosei High School (private)

===Junior high schools (grades 7-9)===
*Ai Junior High School
*Fuji Junior High School
*Hakkei Junior High School
*Hasama Junior High School
*Keyakidai Junior High School
*Nagasaka Junior High School
*Sanda Gakuen Junior High School (private)
*Uenodai Junior High School
*Yurinokidai Junior High School

===Elementary schools (grades 1-6)===
*Ai Elementary School
*Akashiadai Elementary School
*Fuji Elementary School
*Gakuen Elementary School
*Hasama Elementary School
*Hirono Elementary School
*Honjyo Elementary School
*Keyakidai Elementary School
*Matsugaoka Elementary School
*Miwa Elementary School
*Muko Elementary School
*Moushi Elementary School
*Ono Elementary School
*Sanda Elementary School
*Shidehara Elementary School
*Suzukakedai Elementary School
*Takahira Elementary School
*Tsutsujigaoka Elementary School
*Yayoi Elementary School
*Yurinokidai Elementary School

===Special schools===
*Hyogo Prefectural Koto High School for Students with Special Needs
*Uenogahara Special School

===Libraries===
Sanda has three libraries:
*Sanda-Ai Library
*Sanda City Library
*Sanda Woodytown Library

Sanda city also has a mobile library called "Soyokaze". It began service on January 19, 1994 and has about 3,500 books.

==Transportation==
=== Railways ===
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|20px]] [[JR West]] - [[Fukuchiyama Line]]
* {{STN|Sanda|x}} -  {{STN|Shin-Sanda|x}} - {{STN|Hirono|x|Hyōgo}} - {{STN|Aino|x|Hyōgo}} - {{STN|Aimoto|x|Hyōgo}}
[[File:Kobe rallway logo mark.svg|25px]] [[Kobe Electric Railway]] - [[Shintetsu Sanda Line]]
* {{STN|Yokoyama|x|Hyōgo}} - {{STN|Sanda Honmachi|x}} - {{STN|Sanda|x}} 
[[File:Kobe rallway logo mark.svg|25px]] [[Kobe Electric Railway]] - [[Shintetsu Kōen-Toshi Line]]
* {{STN|Yokoyama|x|Hyōgo}} - {{STN|Flower Town|x}} - {{STN|Minami Woody Town|x}} - {{STN|Woody Town Chuo|x}}

=== Highways ===
* [[File:JP Expressway E27.svg|25px|link=|alt=]] [[Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway]]
*{{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E2A|dab1=C}}
*[[File:Hanshin_Urban_Expwy_Sign_0011.svg|24px|link=|alt=11]] [[Hanshin Expressway]] [[Ikeda Route]]
**{{jct|country=JPN|Route|176}}

==Sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan}}
Sanda is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=姉妹都市パンフレットの紹介|url=https://www.city.sanda.lg.jp/machizukuri/shimai_shoukai.html|website=city.sanda.lg.jp|publisher=Sanda|language=ja|access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[City of Blue Mountains|Blue Mountains]], Australia
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jeju City]], South Korea
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Kittitas County, Washington|Kittitas County]], United States

==Local attractions==
*Museum of Nature and Human Activities
The museum's theme is the "symbiosis of people and nature". It opened in Flowertown on October 10, 1992, and is known as "Hitohaku" in Japanese. It is one of the largest public museums in Japan.

* [[Renge-ji (Sanda)|Renge-ji]], a Shingon sect Buddhist temple
* Satonone Hall 
Satonone Hall is a large performance venue in Sanda. It was completed in March 2007. The facility features a large hall, small hall, rehearsal rooms, and display rooms. The interior is decorated in soft tones and motifs symbolic of the harvest of Satoyama,  persimmons, ears of rice, water, and wind.

*Hanayamano-yu
An outdoor bath which features [[Chamaecyparis obtusa|''hinoki'']] and an arrangement of garden rocks. There are separate baths for men and women.

*Kumanonosato
Features both Bali-style and Japanese-style outdoor baths.

*Arima Fuji Park
Located in Fukushima, Sanda and opened in 2001. The park is named for Mt. Arima Fuji, which is located within the park. There are three parks within the park: a waterfront park, a forest park, and a grassland park. <ref>{{cite web |title=Arima Fuji Park |url=https://www.travelhyogo.org.e.aas.hp.transer.com/things/natural/n-016.html |website=Another Hyogo |publisher=Hyogo Tourism Bureau |access-date=18 April 2022}}</ref>

*Shiroyama
A multi-use sports facility featuring a tennis court, ball park, athletic field, and gym.

===Events===
*Sanda Matsuri
Sanda Matsuri is the largest annual event in Sanda. There is a large firework display with over 2,500 fireworks. It takes place on August 4 near the [[Muko River]].

*Hyakkoku Odori
Hyakkoku Odori takes place in late November near the [[Komausahachiman Shrine]].

*Sanda Akindo Matsuri
Sanda Akindo Matsuri takes place in early December in the shopping district in front of Sanda station.

*Sanda Nōgyō Matsuri
Sanda Nōgyō Matsuri takes place on November 3 and 4.

*Tenjinsai
Tenjinsai takes place in late July in Sanda Tenman Shrine. In the morning, there is a festival, followed by a special lion dance in the afternoon.

===Special products===
*Sanda beef
{{Nihongo|Sanda beef|三田牛|Sanda-gyū}} has historically been produced in Hyōgo at the rate of about 1,000 heads of cattle per year. It is regarded as being of higher quality than [[Kobe beef]].

*Mōshi tea
Mōshi tea is produced in May and June and is shipped to points all over Japan. It is sold at local stores as well, such as Paskaru-Sanda, Itunoeki-Inagawa, Kumazeinosato and Kobe-sogou.

==Notable people from Sanda==
*[[Itokin(musician)|Itokin]] [[ET-KING]] (musician)
*[[Hayashi Keisuke]] ([[Vissel Kobe]])
*[[Kawamoto Kōmin]] ([[Rangaku|''Rangaku'' scholar]])<ref>{{cite web| url=https://kotobank.jp/word/川本幸民-48368 |script-title=ja:川本幸民|publisher=kotobank| language=ja|access-date=2017-12-14}}</ref>
*[[Konoda Reo]] (pro-baseball player・[[Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks]])
*[[Aida Shinnichi]]  (singer-songwriter)
*[[Nanjo Yuka]] (model)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sanda, Hyogo|Sanda, Hyōgo}}
* [http://www.city.sanda.lg.jp Sanda City official website] {{in lang|ja}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100324155417/http://www.city.sanda.lg.jp/english/index.html Sanda City official website]

{{Hyogo}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanda, Hyogo}}
[[Category:Cities in Hyōgo Prefecture]]
[[Category:Sanda, Hyōgo]]