Editing Sarh

{{Short description|City in southern Chad}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement 
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|native_name = {{lang|ar|ساره}}<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> 
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|coordinates       = {{coord|09|09|N|18|23|E|region:TD|display=inline,title}}
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|subdivision_name = {{flag|Chad}} 
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|subdivision_name1 = [[Moyen-Chari Region]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Departments of Chad|Department]] 
|subdivision_name2 = [[Barh Köh]] 
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|subdivision_name3 = Sarh
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'''Sarh''' ({{langx|ar|ساره}}), formerly [[French Chad|French colonial]] '''Fort Archambault''', is the capital of the [[Moyen-Chari Region]] and the capital of the Department of [[Barh Köh]] in [[Chad]].

==History==
Fort Archambault (Sarh) was founded by the colonial [[French Equatorial Africa]], for returnees from the [[labour camp]]s associated with the construction of the [[Congo-Ocean Railway]]. A significantly large textiles complex was constructed by the French in Sarh in 1967.

The residents of Sarh suffered a [[meningococcal meningitis]] epidemic in 1990.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 7572427 | volume=59 | title=The 1990 meningococcal meningitis epidemic of Sarh (Chad): how useful was an earlier mass vaccination? | journal=Acta Trop | pages=211–22 | last1 = Lengeler | first1 = C | last2 = Kessler | first2 = W | last3 = Daugla | first3 = D | doi=10.1016/0001-706x(95)00081-o}}</ref>

==Geography==
Sarh is located on the [[Chari River]], {{convert|350|mi}} southeast of the capital city [[N'Djamena]]. It was named after the [[Sara people]] of southern Chad.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/524325/Sarh Britannica Online Encyclopedia]</ref>

It is the third largest city in Chad, after [[N'Djamena]] and [[Moundou]].

=== Climate ===
Like other parts of southern Chad and the [[East Sudanian savanna]], Sarh has a typical [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Aw''), with a wet season and a dry season and the temperature being hot year-round. The average annual high temperature is {{convert|34.9|C|F|abbr=on}}, while the average annual low temperature is {{convert|20.9|C|F|abbr=on}}. The hottest time of year is from March to May, just before the wet season starts. March has the highest average high at {{convert|39.1|C|F|abbr=on}}, while the highest average low is {{convert|24.7|C|F|abbr=on}} in April. August has the lowest average high at {{convert|30.6|C|F|abbr=on}}, while December has the lowest average low at {{convert|16.4|C|F|abbr=on}}.

Sarh receives {{convert|969.3|mm}} of rain over 86 precipitation days, with a distinct wet and dry season like most tropical savanna climates. December receives no precipitation at all, with almost no rain falling from November to March. August, the wettest month, receives {{convert|243.7|mm}} of rainfall on average. August also has 18 precipitation days on average, which is the most for any month. Humidity is much higher in the wet season than the dry season, with February having a humidity at 29% and August having a humidity at 82%. Sarh receives 2737.3 hours of sunshine annually on average, with the sunshine being distributed fairly evenly across the year, although it is lower during the wet season. December and January receive the most sunshine, while July receives the least.

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Sarh (1991-2020, extremes 1931-present)
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|Jan record high C = 41.9
|Feb record high C = 44.0
|Mar record high C = 47.2
|Apr record high C = 44.0
|May record high C = 43.0
|Jun record high C = 39.8
|Jul record high C = 43.0
|Aug record high C = 38.5
|Sep record high C = 36.5
|Oct record high C = 42.0
|Nov record high C = 40.6
|Dec record high C = 40.5
|year record high C = 
|Jan record low C = 7.0
|Feb record low C = 9.5
|Mar record low C = 15.2
|Apr record low C = 16.0
|May record low C = 13.5
|Jun record low C = 13.0
|Jul record low C = 13.0
|Aug record low C = 12.0
|Sep record low C = 15.0
|Oct record low C = 16.7
|Nov record low C = 10.0
|Dec record low C = 10.0
|year record low C = 
|Jan high C = 36.1
|Feb high C = 38.8
|Mar high C = 40.2
|Apr high C = 39.5
|May high C = 36.6
|Jun high C = 33.5
|Jul high C = 31.7
|Aug high C = 31.0
|Sep high C = 32.0
|Oct high C = 33.7
|Nov high C = 36.1
|Dec high C = 36.2
|year high C = 35.4
| Jan mean C = 26.3
| Feb mean C = 29.3
| Mar mean C = 32.0
| Apr mean C = 32.6
| May mean C = 30.6
| Jun mean C = 28.3
| Jul mean C = 26.9
| Aug mean C = 26.3
| Sep mean C = 27.0
| Oct mean C = 28.0
| Nov mean C = 27.9
| Dec mean C = 26.5
|year mean C = 28.4
|Jan low C = 16.6
|Feb low C = 19.7
|Mar low C = 23.8
|Apr low C = 25.6
|May low C = 24.5
|Jun low C = 23.0
|Jul low C = 22.2
|Aug low C = 21.7
|Sep low C = 21.9
|Oct low C = 22.2
|Nov low C = 19.5
|Dec low C = 16.7
|year low C = 21.3
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 0.1
|Feb rain mm = 1.6
|Mar rain mm = 9.5
|Apr rain mm = 37.4
|May rain mm = 82.1
|Jun rain mm = 135.9
|Jul rain mm = 234.4
|Aug rain mm = 243.7
|Sep rain mm = 165.5
|Oct rain mm = 55.8
|Nov rain mm = 3.3
|Dec rain mm = 0.0
|year rain mm = 969.3
|Jan humidity = 33
|Feb humidity = 29
|Mar humidity = 37
|Apr humidity = 50
|May humidity = 61
|Jun humidity = 72
|Jul humidity = 79
|Aug humidity = 82
|Sep humidity = 80
|Oct humidity = 73
|Nov humidity = 57
|Dec humidity = 42
|year humidity = 58
|unit rain days = 0.1 mm
|Jan rain days = 0
|Feb rain days = 1
|Mar rain days = 2
|Apr rain days = 5
|May rain days = 9
|Jun rain days = 12
|Jul rain days = 15
|Aug rain days = 18
|Sep rain days = 16
|Oct rain days = 7
|Nov rain days = 1
|Dec rain days = 0
|year rain days = 86
|Jan sun = 266.6
|Feb sun = 243.6
|Mar sun = 244.9
|Apr sun = 237.0
|May sun = 241.8
|Jun sun = 207.0
|Jul sun = 173.6
|Aug sun = 176.7
|Sep sun = 186.0
|Oct sun = 232.5
|Nov sun = 261.0
|Dec sun = 266.6
|year sun = 2737.3
|Jand sun = 8.6
|Febd sun = 8.7
|Mard sun = 7.9
|Aprd sun = 7.9
|Mayd sun = 7.8
|Jund sun = 6.9
|Juld sun = 5.6
|Augd sun = 5.7
|Sepd sun = 6.2
|Octd sun = 7.5
|Novd sun = 8.7
|Decd sun = 8.6
|yeard sun = 7.5
|source 1 = Météo Climat<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1991-2020-1-p215.php
| title = Météo Climat stats for Sarh 1991–2020
| publisher = Météo Climat
| access-date = 15 October 2017}}</ref><ref name = meteoclimat>
{{cite web 
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1873
| title = Station Sarh
| publisher = Meteo Climat 
|language = fr 
| access-date = October 19, 2016}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[World Meteorological Organization]] (rainy days),<ref name= WMO>{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1172
| title = World Weather Information Service – Sarh
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| accessdate = June 24, 2015}}</ref> NOAA (sun, humidity and precipitation)<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-I/TE/64750.TXT
| title = Sarh Climate Normals 1961-1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = June 24, 2015}}</ref>
|date=November 2011
}}

==Economy==
Sarh is now a major transport hub. It is served by the [[Sarh Airport]] ([[IATA airport code]] SRH).

It is a center for the [[cotton]] industry, due to its warm and seasonally wet climate. It is also an important center for commercial fishing in the [[Chari River]].

The city is known as a center of [[nightlife]] in the region.  Attractions in the city include the Sarh National Museum.
==Demographics==
{| class="wikitable" 
! Year
! Population<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930182845/http://bevoelkerungsstatistik.de/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=de&dat=32&geo=-205&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=x World Gazetteer: Chad]</ref>
|-
| 1993	
| {{formatnum:75496}}
|-
| 2008 
| {{formatnum:108061}}
|}

== Education ==
[[File:Fort-Archambault bridge by A. Yakovlev (1926).jpg|thumb|Fort Archambault bridge, in 1926.]]
Sarh is home to various educational institutions:

===High schools===

[[Lycées]]−[[High school]]s include:
* Lycée Ahmed Mangué (public)
* [[Lycée-Collège Charles Lwanga]] (private, Catholic)
* [[Lycée-Collège Humanité]] (private, Baptist)

===Universities===

* IUSAES—Institut Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques et de l'Environnement de Sarh — a tertiary college, established in 1997.
* [[University of Sarh]] — a public university, established in 2010
* ISMEA—Institute of Science of Management and Economic Applied — founded by NGOs, established in 2008.

==Twin towns—Sister cities==
Sarh is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Cherbourg-Octeville]], France (since 2001)<ref name="Cherbourg twinnings">{{cite web| url = http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=4#tabs3| title = National Commission for Decentralised cooperation| accessdate = 2013-12-26| work = Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères)| language = French| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://archive.today/20131127063207/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=4#tabs3| archivedate = 2013-11-27}}</ref>

== Notable people ==

* [[Fatimé Dordji]]

==See also==
*[[:Category:Chari River|Chari River topics]]
*[[Regions of Chad]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places in Chad]]
[[Category:Chari River]]
[[Category:Moyen-Chari Region]]
[[Category:French Equatorial Africa]]