Editing Savoy opera

{{short description|Opera genre}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
[[File:Souvenir program for the première production of Gilbert and Sullivan's Patience - Cover.jpg |right|thumb|1881 Programme for ''[[Patience (opera)|Patience]]'']]
'''Savoy opera''' was a style of [[comic opera]] that developed in [[Victorian England]] in the late 19th century, with [[W. S. Gilbert]] and [[Arthur Sullivan]] as the original and most successful practitioners.  The name is derived from the [[Savoy Theatre]], which [[impresario]] [[Richard D'Oyly Carte]] built to house the [[Gilbert and Sullivan]] pieces, and later those by other composer–librettist teams. The great bulk of the non-G&S Savoy Operas either failed to achieve a foothold in the standard repertory, or have faded over the years, leaving the term "Savoy Opera" as practically synonymous with Gilbert and Sullivan. The Savoy operas (in both senses) were seminal influences on the creation of the modern [[Musical theatre|musical]].

Gilbert, Sullivan, Carte and other [[Victorian era]] British composers, librettists and producers,<ref>Such as [[German Reed Entertainments|German Reeds]], [[Frederic Clay]], [[Edward Solomon]] and [[F. C. Burnand]]</ref> as well as the contemporary British press and literature, called works of this kind "comic operas" to distinguish their content and style from that of the often risqué continental European [[operetta]]s that they wished to displace. Most of the published literature on Gilbert and Sullivan since that time refers to these works as "Savoy Operas", "[[comic operas]]", or both.<ref>See, e. g., Crowther, Stedman, Bailey, Bradley, Ainger and Jacobs. Gilbert & Sullivan described 13 of their 14 collaborations as "operas" or "operatic":
*''Thespis'': an "Operatic Extravaganza"
*''The Sorcerer'': a "Modern Comic Opera"
*''H.M.S. Pinafore'': a "Nautical Comic Opera"
*''The Pirates of Penzance'': a "Melo-Dramatic Opera"
*''Patience'': an "Aesthetic Opera"
*''Iolanthe'': a "Fairy Opera"
*''Princess Ida'': "A respectful Operatic Perversion of Tennyson's ''Princess''"
*''The Mikado'': a "Japanese Opera"
*''Ruddygore'': a "Supernatural Opera"
*''The Yeomen of the Guard'': an "Opera"
*''The Gondoliers'': a "Comic Opera"
*''Utopia, Limited'', a "Comic Opera"
*''The Grand Duke'': a "Comic Opera"
They called the 14th, ''Trial by Jury'', a "Dramatic Cantata".</ref> However, the ''Penguin Opera Guides'' and many other general music dictionaries and encyclopedias classify the Gilbert and Sullivan works as operettas.<ref>''The New Penguin Opera Guide'', ed. Amanda Holden, Penguin Books, London 2001 and ''The Penguin Concise Guide to Opera'', ed. Amanda Holden, Penguin Books, London 2005 both state: "[[Operetta]] is the internationally recognized term for the type of work on which William Schwenck Gilbert and Sullivan collaborated under Richard D'Oyly Carte's management (1875–96), but they themselves used the words 'comic opera'".  See also the ''Oxford Dictionary of Opera'', ed. John Warrack and Ewan West, Oxford University Press 1992 and ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera'', 4 vols, ed. Stanley Sadie, Macmillan, New York 1992</ref>

Gilbert and Sullivan's early operas played at other London theatres, and ''[[Patience (operetta)|Patience]]'' (1881) was the first opera to appear at the Savoy Theatre, and thus, in a strict sense, the first true "Savoy Opera", although the term "Savoy Opera" has, for over a century, referred to all thirteen operas that Gilbert and Sullivan wrote for Richard D'Oyly Carte.

[[File:1881 Savoy Theatre.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Savoy Theatre, c. 1881]]

==Other definitions==
During the years when the [[Gilbert and Sullivan]] ("G&S") operas were being written, [[Richard D'Oyly Carte]] also produced, at the Savoy Theatre, operas by other composer–librettist teams, either as [[curtain raiser (drama)|curtain raisers]] to the G&S pieces, or to fill the theatre when no G&S piece was available.<ref name=CR>Walters, Michael and George Low. [http://gsarchive.net/companions/walters_low.html "Curtain Raisers"], The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive, 16 August 2011, retrieved 27 February 2017</ref> To his contemporaries, the term "Savoy Opera" referred to any opera that appeared at that theatre, regardless of who wrote it.

Aside from curtain raisers (which are listed in the second table below), the G&S operas were the only works produced at the [[Savoy Theatre]] from the date it opened (10 October 1881) until ''[[The Gondoliers]]'' closed on 20 June 1891.  Over the next decade, there were only two new G&S pieces (''[[Utopia Limited]]'' and ''[[The Grand Duke]]''), both of which had comparatively brief runs. To fill the gap, Carte mounted G&S revivals, Sullivan operas with different librettists, and works by other composer–librettist teams.  Richard D'Oyly Carte died on 3 April 1901. If the nexus of Carte and the [[Savoy Theatre]] is used to define "Savoy Opera," then the last new Savoy Opera was ''[[The Rose of Persia]]'' (music by Sullivan, libretto by [[Basil Hood]]), which ran from 28 November 1899 – 28 June 1900.

[[File:Gilbert-workman-german.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Gilbert, Workman and German at a rehearsal]]
After Carte's death, his wife [[Helen Carte]] assumed management of the theatre. In 1901, she produced Sullivan's last opera, ''[[The Emerald Isle]]'' (finished after Sullivan's death by [[Edward German]]), and during the run of that opera, she hired [[William Greet]] as manager of the theatre. Later that year, she leased the theatre to Greet, who then produced ''[[Ib and Little Christina]]'', ''[[The Willow Pattern (opera)|The Willow Pattern]]'', a revival of ''Iolanthe'', ''[[Merrie England (opera)|Merrie England]]'' (1902) and ''[[A Princess of Kensington]]'' (1903), each with a cast made up largely of Carte's Savoy company. Cyril Rollins and R. John Witts adopt ''A Princess of Kensington'' as the last of the Savoy Operas. After ''A Princess of Kensington'' closed in May 1903, Mrs. Carte leased the theatre to unrelated parties until late 1906, when she produced the first of her two seasons of G&S revivals in repertory at the Savoy, with Gilbert returning to direct.

In March 1909, [[Charles H. Workman]] leased the theatre, producing three new pieces, including one by Gilbert, ''[[Fallen Fairies]]'' (music by Edward German). The last of these Workman-produced works came in early 1910, ''[[Two Merry Monarchs]]'', by [[Arthur Anderson (dramatist)|Arthur Anderson]], George Levy, and Hartley Carrick, with music by [[Orlando Morgan]]. The contemporary press referred to these works as "Savoy Operas",<ref>See, e.g., ''The Manchester Guardian'', 17 September 1910, p. 1, advertising ''[[The Mountaineers (opera)|The Mountaineers]]''.</ref> and S. J. Adair Fitz-Gerald regarded Workman's pieces as the last Savoy Operas.<ref>See also Farrell, ''passim''</ref>

Fitz-Gerald wrote his book, ''The Story of the Savoy Opera'', in 1924, when these other pieces were still within living memory. But over the ensuing decades, the works produced at the Savoy by composers and librettists other than [[Gilbert and Sullivan]] were forgotten or infrequently revived. The term "Savoy Opera" came to be synonymous with the thirteen extant works of Gilbert and Sullivan. The first collaboration of Gilbert and Sullivan – the 1871 opera ''[[Thespis (operetta)|Thespis]]'' – was not a Savoy Opera under any of the definitions mentioned to this point, as Richard D'Oyly Carte did not produce it, nor was it ever performed at the Savoy Theatre. Nevertheless, Rollins & Witts include it in their compendium of the Savoy Operas, as does [[Geoffrey Smith (radio presenter)|Geoffrey Smith]]. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines the phrase as: "Designating any of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas originally presented at the Savoy Theatre in London by the D'Oyly Carte company. Also used more generally to designate any of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas, including those first presented before the Savoy Theatre opened in 1881, or to designate any comic opera of a similar style which appeared at the theatre".<ref>[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/171499?redirectedFrom=Savoy+ "Savoy"], ''Oxford English Dictionary", Oxford University Press, June 2017, retrieved 9 December 2017 {{subscription required}}</ref>

==Complete list==
The following table shows all of the full-length operas that could be considered "Savoy Operas" under any of the definitions mentioned above.  Only first runs are shown. Curtain-raisers and afterpieces that played with the Savoy Operas are included in the next table below.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Title !! Librettist(s) !! Composer(s) !! Theatre !! Opening Date !! Closing<br>Date !! Perf's.
|-
|''[[Thespis (operetta)|Thespis]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] ||[[Gaiety Theatre, London|Gaiety]]
|26 December 1871 || 8 March 1872 ||align=center| 64
|-
|''[[Trial by Jury]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Royalty
|nowrap|25 March 1875 ||nowrap|18 December 1875 ||align=center| 131
|-
|''[[The Sorcerer]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Opera Comique
|17 November 1877 || 24 May 1878 ||align=center| 178
|-
|''[[H.M.S. Pinafore]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Opera Comique
|25 May 1878 || 20 February 1880 ||align=center| 571
|-
| rowspan=3 |''[[The Pirates of Penzance]]'' || rowspan=3| [[W. S. Gilbert]] || rowspan=3| [[Arthur Sullivan]]
|Bijou, Paignton || 30 December 1879 || 30 December 1879 ||align=center| 1
|-
|nowrap|Fifth Avenue, NY || 31 December 1879 || 5 June 1880 ||align=center| 100
|-
|Opera Comique || 3 April 1880 || 2 April 1881 ||align=center| 363
|-
| rowspan=2 |''[[Patience (operetta)|Patience]]'' || rowspan=2| [[W. S. Gilbert]] || rowspan=2| [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Opera Comique
|23 April 1881 || 8 October 1881 ||align=center| 170
|-
|Savoy
|10 October 1881 || 22 November 1882 ||align=center| 408
|-
|''[[Iolanthe]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
| 25 November 1882 ||  1 January 1884 ||align=center| 398
|-
|''[[Princess Ida]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
| 5 January 1884 || 9 October 1884 ||align=center| 246
|-
|''[[The Mikado]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
| 14 March 1885 || 19 January 1887 ||align=center| 672
|-
|''[[Ruddygore]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
|22 January 1887 || 5 November 1887 ||align=center| 288
|-
|''[[The Yeomen of the Guard]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
|3 October 1888 || 30 November 1889 ||align=center| 423
|-
|''[[The Gondoliers]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
|7 December 1889 || 20 June 1891 ||align=center| 554
|-
|''[[The Nautch Girl]]'' || [[George Dance (dramatist)|George Dance]] & [[Frank Desprez]] || [[Edward Solomon]] || Savoy
|30 June 1891 || 16 January 1892 ||align=center| 200
|-
|''[[The Vicar of Bray (opera)|The Vicar of Bray]]''|| [[Sydney Grundy]] || [[Edward Solomon]] || Savoy
|28 January 1892 || 18 June 1892 ||align=center| 143
|-
|''[[Haddon Hall (opera)|Haddon Hall]]'' || [[Sydney Grundy]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
| 24 September 1892 || 15 April 1893 ||align=center| 204
|-
|''[[Jane Annie]]'' || [[J. M. Barrie]] & [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] || [[Ernest Ford]] || Savoy
|13 May 1893 || 1 July 1893 ||align=center| 50
|-
|''[[Utopia Limited]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
|7 October 1893 || 9 June 1894 ||align=center| 245
|-
| rowspan=2|''[[Mirette (opera)|Mirette]]'' || rowspan=2| [[Harry Greenbank]] & [[Fred E. Weatherly]] (revised by [[Adrian Ross]]) || rowspan=2| [[André Messager]] || rowspan=2| Savoy
|3 July 1894 || 11 August 1894 ||align=center| 41
|-
| 6 October 1894 || 6 December 1894 ||align=center| 61
|-
|''[[The Chieftain]]'' || [[Francis Burnand|F. C. Burnand]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
| 12 December 1894 || 16 March 1895 ||align=center| 97
|-
|''[[The Grand Duke]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
| 7 March 1896 || 10 July 1896 ||align=center| 123
|-
|''[[His Majesty (comic opera)|His Majesty]]'' || [[Francis Burnand|F. C. Burnand]], [[R. C. Lehmann]], & [[Adrian Ross]] ||[[Alexander Mackenzie (musician)|Alexander Mackenzie]] || Savoy
|20 February 1897 || 24 April 1897 ||align=center| 61
|-
|''[[La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein|The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein]]''{{refn|The production was variously billed as ''The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein'' or just ''The Grand Duchess''.<ref>"Savoy", ''The Times'', 1 December 1897, p. 8, and "Savoy" (column 5) and "Savoy Theatre" (column 6), ''The Times'' 6 December 1897, p. 10</ref>|group=n}} || [[Charles H. Brookfield]] & [[Adrian Ross]] || [[Jacques Offenbach]] || Savoy
| 4 December 1897 || 12 March 1898 ||align=center| 104
|-
|''[[The Beauty Stone]]'' || [[Sir Arthur Wing Pinero|A. W. Pinero]] & [[J. Comyns Carr]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
|28 May 1898 || 16 July 1898 ||align=center| 50
|-
|''[[The Lucky Star]]'' || [[Charles H. Brookfield]], [[Adrian Ross]], & [[Aubrey Hopwood]] || [[Ivan Caryll]] || Savoy
| 7 January 1899 || 31 May 1899 ||align=center| 143
|-
|''[[The Rose of Persia]]'' || [[Basil Hood]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] || Savoy
| 29 November 1899 || 28 June 1900 ||align=center| 213
|-
|''[[The Emerald Isle]]'' || [[Basil Hood]] || [[Arthur Sullivan]] & [[Edward German]] || Savoy
|27 April 1901 || 9 November 1901 ||align=center| 205
|-
|''[[Ib and Little Christina]]'' || [[Basil Hood]] || [[Franco Leoni]] ||rowspan=2|Savoy
|rowspan=2|14 November 1901 || rowspan=2| 29 November 1901 ||align=center rowspan=2| 16<ref>''The Willow Pattern'' continued to run after ''Ib and Little Christina'' closed, as a companion piece to ''Iolanthe'', for an original run of 110 performances.</ref>
|-
|''[[The Willow Pattern (opera)|The Willow Pattern]]'' || [[Basil Hood]] || Cecil Cook
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Merrie England (opera)|Merrie England]]'' ||rowspan=2|[[Basil Hood]] ||rowspan=2|[[Edward German]] ||rowspan=2|Savoy
|2 April 1902 || 30 July 1902 ||align=center| 120
|-
| 24 November 1902 || 17 January 1903 ||align=center| 56
|-
|''[[A Princess of Kensington]]'' || [[Basil Hood]] || [[Edward German]]|| Savoy
|22 January 1903 || 16 May 1903 ||align=center| 115
|-
|''[[The Mountaineers (opera)|The Mountaineers]]'' || [[Guy Eden]] || [[Reginald Somerville]] || Savoy
|29 September 1909 || 27 November 1909 ||align=center| 61
|-
|''[[Fallen Fairies]]'' || [[W. S. Gilbert]] || [[Edward German]] || Savoy
| 15 December 1909 || 29 January 1910 ||align=center| 51
|-
|''[[Two Merry Monarchs]]'' || Arthur Anderson, George Levy, & Hartley Carrick || [[Orlando Morgan]] || Savoy
|10 March 1910 || 23 April 1910 ||align=center| 43
|}

==Companion pieces==
The fashion in the late [[Victorian era]] and [[Edwardian era]] was to present long evenings in the theatre, and so full-length pieces were often presented together with companion pieces.<ref>Lee Bernard.  [http://www.sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk/classical/Swashbuckling-Savoy-curtainraiser-.4348391.jp "Swash-buckling Savoy curtain-raiser"], ''Sheffield Telegraph'', 1 August 2008</ref> During the original runs of the Savoy Operas, each full-length work was normally accompanied by one or two short companion pieces.  A piece that began the performance was called a [[curtain raiser (drama)|curtain raiser]], and one that ended the performance was called an afterpiece. [[W. J. MacQueen-Pope]] commented, concerning the curtain raisers:

<blockquote>This was a one-act play, seen only by the early comers.  It would play to empty boxes, half-empty upper circle, to a gradually filling stalls and dress circle, but to an attentive, grateful and appreciative pit and gallery.  Often these plays were little gems.  They deserved much better treatment than they got, but those who saw them delighted in them. ... [They] served to give young actors and actresses a chance to win their spurs ... the stalls and the boxes lost much by missing the curtain-raiser, but to them dinner was more important.<ref>MacQueen-Pope, Walter James. ''Carriages at Eleven'' (1947), London: Robert Hale and Co., p. 23</ref></blockquote>

The following table lists the known companion pieces that appeared at the Opera Comique or the Savoy Theatre during the original runs and principal revivals of the Savoy Operas through 1909. There may have been more such pieces that have not yet been identified.  In a number of cases, the exact opening and closing dates are not known.  Date ranges overlap, since it was common to rotate two or more companion pieces at performances during the same period to be played with the main piece.<ref name=CR/>

Many of these pieces also played elsewhere (and often on tour by D'Oyly Carte touring companies). Only the runs at the Opera Comique and the Savoy are shown here.<ref name=CR/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Title !! Librettist(s) !! Composer(s) !! Theatre !! Opening Date !! Closing<br>Date !! Played With
|-
|''[[Dora's Dream]]''
|[[Arthur Cecil]]
|[[Alfred Cellier]]
|Opera Comique
|nowrap| 17 November 1877
|nowrap| 7 February 1878<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|''[[The Sorcerer]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[The Spectre Knight]]''
|rowspan=2|[[James Albery]]
|rowspan=2|[[Alfred Cellier]]
|rowspan=2|Opera Comique
|nowrap| 9 February 1878
|nowrap| 23 March 1878
|rowspan=1|''[[The Sorcerer]]''
|-
|nowrap|28 May 1878
|nowrap|10 August 1878
|rowspan=1|''[[H.M.S. Pinafore|Pinafore]]''
|-
|rowspan=4|''[[Trial by Jury]]''
|rowspan=4|[[W. S. Gilbert]]
|rowspan=4|[[Arthur Sullivan]]
|rowspan=4|Opera Comique & Savoy
|nowrap|23 March 1878
|nowrap|24 May 1878
|rowspan=3|''[[The Sorcerer]]'' 
|-
|nowrap|11 October 1884
|nowrap|12 March 1885
|-
|nowrap| 22 September 1898
|nowrap| 31 December 1898
|-
|nowrap|6 June 1899
|nowrap| 25 November 1899
|rowspan=1|''[[H.M.S. Pinafore|Pinafore]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|''Beauties on the Beach''
|rowspan=2|[[George Grossmith]]
|rowspan=2|[[George Grossmith]]
|rowspan=2|Opera Comique
|25 May 1878
| 5 August 1878
|rowspan=2|''[[H.M.S. Pinafore|Pinafore]]''
|-
|14 October 1878
|5 December 1878<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|-
|''A Silver Wedding''
|[[George Grossmith]]
|[[George Grossmith]]
|Opera Comique
|colspan=2 align=center|part of 1878
|''[[H.M.S. Pinafore|Pinafore]]''
|-
|''Five Hamlets''
|[[George Grossmith]]
|[[George Grossmith]]
|Opera Comique
|align=center|? 1878
|12 October 1878
|''[[H.M.S. Pinafore|Pinafore]]''
|-
|''[[Cups and Saucers]]''
|[[George Grossmith]]
|[[George Grossmith]]
|Opera Comique
| 5 August 1878<nowiki>*</nowiki>
| 20 February 1880
|''[[H.M.S. Pinafore|Pinafore]]''
|-
|rowspan=5|''[[After All!]]''
|rowspan=5|[[Frank Desprez]]
|rowspan=5|[[Alfred Cellier]]
|rowspan=2|Opera Comique
|nowrap| 16 December 1878<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|nowrap| 20 February 1880
|''[[Cups and Saucers]]''
|-
| ? Feb. 1880
| 20 March 1880
|Children's ''Pinafore''
|-
|rowspan=3|Savoy
| 23 November 1895
|4 March 1896
|rowspan=2|''[[The Mikado|Mikado]]'' & ''[[The Grand Duke|Grand Duke]]''
|-
| 4 April 1896
| 8 August 1896
|-
|7 May 1897
| 16 June 1897
|''[[The Yeomen of the Guard|Yeomen]]''
|-
|rowspan=5|''[[In the Sulks]]''
|rowspan=5|[[Frank Desprez]]
|rowspan=5|[[Alfred Cellier]]
|rowspan=4|Opera Comique
| 21 February 1880
|align=center|?
|''[[The Pirates of Penzance|Pirates]]''
|-
| 21 February 1880
|20 March 1880
|Children's ''Pinafore''
|-
| 3 April 1880
| 2 April 1881
|rowspan=1|''[[The Pirates of Penzance|Pirates]]''
|-
| 23 April 1881<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|2 May 1881
|rowspan=2|''[[Patience (opera)|Patience]]''
|-
|Savoy
| 11 October 1881
| 14 October 1881
|-
|''[[Uncle Samuel]]''
|[[Arthur Law (playwright)|Arthur Law]]
|[[George Grossmith]]
|Opera Comique
|3 May 1881
|8 October 1881
|''[[Patience (opera)|Patience]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Mock Turtles (opera)|Mock Turtles]]''
|rowspan=2|[[Frank Desprez]]
|rowspan=2|[[Eaton Faning]]
|rowspan=2|Savoy
| 11 October 1881
| 22 November 1882
|''[[Patience (opera)|Patience]]''
|-
| 25 November 1882
| 30 March 1883
|''[[Iolanthe]]''
|-
|''[[A Private Wire]]''
|[[Frank Desprez]]
|[[Percy Reeve]]
|Savoy
|31Mar. 1883
| 1 January 1884
|''[[Iolanthe]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[The Carp (opera)|The Carp]]''
|rowspan=2|[[Frank Desprez]] & Arnold Felix
|rowspan=2|[[Alfred Cellier]]
|rowspan=2|Savoy
| 13 February 1886
| 19 January 1887
|''[[The Mikado|Mikado]]''
|-
| 21 February 1887
| 5 November 1887
|''[[Ruddigore]]''
|-
|''[[Mrs. Jarramie's Genie]]''
|[[Frank Desprez]]
|[[Alfred Cellier]] & [[François Cellier]]
|Savoy
| 14 February 1888
| ? Nov. 1889
|''[[H.M.S. Pinafore|Pinafore]]'', ''[[The Pirates of Penzance|Pirates]]'', ''[[The Mikado|Mikado]]'', ''[[The Yeomen of the Guard|Yeomen]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Captain Billy]]''
|rowspan=2|[[Harry Greenbank]]
|rowspan=2|[[François Cellier]]
|rowspan=2|Savoy
|24 September 1891
|16 January 1892
|''[[The Nautch Girl|Nautch Girl]]''
|-
| 1 February 1892
|18 June 1892
|''[[The Vicar of Bray (opera)|Vicar of Bray]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Mr. Jericho]]''
|rowspan=2|[[Harry Greenbank]]
|rowspan=2|[[Ernest Ford]]
|rowspan=2|Savoy
|18 March 1893
|15 April 1893
|''[[Haddon Hall (opera)|Haddon Hall]]''
|-
| 3 June 1893
| 1 July 1893
|''[[Jane Annie]]''
|-
|''[[Quite an Adventure]]''
|[[Frank Desprez]]
|[[Edward Solomon]]
|Savoy
| 15 December 1894
| 29 December 1894
|''[[The Chieftain]]''
|-
|''[[Cox & Box]]''
|[[F. C. Burnand]]
|[[Arthur Sullivan]]
|Savoy
| 31 December 1894
| 16 March 1895
|''[[The Chieftain]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Weather or No]]''
|rowspan=2|[[Adrian Ross]] & William Beach
|rowspan=2|[[Bertram Luard-Selby]]
|rowspan=2|Savoy
| 10 August 1896
| 17 February 1897
|''[[The Mikado]]''
|-
| 2 March 1897
| 24 April 1897
|''[[His Majesty (comic opera)|His Majesty]]''
|-
|rowspan=4|''[[Old Sarah]]''
|rowspan=4|[[Harry Greenbank]]
|rowspan=4|[[François Cellier]]
|rowspan=4|Savoy
| 17 June 1897
| 31 July 1897
|rowspan=2|''[[The Yeomen of the Guard|Yeomen]]''
|-
| 16 August 1897
| 20 November 1897
|-
| 10 December 1897
| 12 March 1898
|''[[La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein|The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein]]''
|-
| 22 March 1898<nowiki>*</nowiki>
| 21 May 1898
|''[[The Gondoliers|Gondoliers]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Pretty Polly (opera)|Pretty Polly]]''
|rowspan=2|[[Basil Hood]]
|rowspan=2|[[François Cellier]]
|rowspan=2|Savoy
|19 May 1900
|28 June 1900
|''[[The Rose of Persia]]''
|-
| 8 December 1900
| 20 April 1901
|''[[Patience (opera)|Patience]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[The Outpost (opera)|The Outpost]]''
|rowspan=2|[[Albert O'Donnell Bartholeyns]]
|rowspan=2|[[Hamilton Clarke]]
|rowspan=2|Savoy
| 2 July 1900
| 3 November 1900
|''[[The Pirates of Penzance|Pirates]]''
|-
| 8 November 1900<nowiki>*</nowiki>
| 7 December 1900
|''[[Patience (opera)|Patience]]''
|-
|''[[The Willow Pattern (opera)|The Willow Pattern]]''
|rowspan=2|[[Basil Hood]]
|rowspan=2|Cecil Cook
|rowspan=2|Savoy
| 14 November 1901
| 29 November 1901
|''[[Ib and Little Christina]]''
|-
|(revised version)
| 9 December 1901
| 29 March 1902
|''[[Iolanthe]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[A Welsh Sunset]]''
|rowspan=2|[[Frederick Fenn]]
|rowspan=2|[[Philip Michael Faraday]]
|rowspan=2|Savoy
|15 July 1908
|17 October 1908
|rowspan=2|''[[H.M.S. Pinafore|Pinafore]]'' & ''[[The Pirates of Penzance|Pirates]]''
|-
| 2 December 1908
| 24 February 1909
|}

<nowiki>*</nowiki>Indicates an approximate date.

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|last=Farrell|first=Scott|year=2009|title=The C. H. Workman Productions: A Centenary Review of the Final Savoy Operas |publisher=Scott Farrell}}
* {{cite book | last=Fitz-Gerald |first=S. J. Adair | title=The Story of the Savoy Opera | publisher=Stanley Paul & Co| location=London | year=1924}}
* {{cite book|last=Rollins|first=Cyril|year=1962|author2=R. John Witts |title=The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in Gilbert and Sullivan Operas: A Record of Productions, 1875–1961|location=London|publisher=Michael Joseph|oclc=504581419}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Ainger|first=Michael|year=2002|title=Gilbert and Sullivan, a Dual Biography|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite book|last=Bradley|first=Ian|year=1996|title=The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan|location=Oxford, England|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite book|last=Crowther|first=Andrew|year=2000|title=Contradiction Contradicted – The Plays of W. S. Gilbert|publisher=Associated University Presses|isbn=0-8386-3839-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Gilbert | first=W. S. | title=The Savoy Operas | publisher=Wordsworth Editions Ltd | location=Hertfordshire, England | year=1994 | isbn=1-85326-313-3 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/savoyoperas00gilb }}
* {{cite book|last=Jacobs|first=Arthur|year=1992|title=Arthur Sullivan – A Victorian Musician|location=Portland, OR|publisher=Amadeus Press|edition=Second}}
* {{cite book|last=O'Brien|first=Christopher|year=2015|title=Savoy Curtain-Raisers, Musica Britannica series|location=London|publisher=Stainer & Bell}}
* {{cite book | last=Smith | first=Geoffrey | author-link=Geoffrey Smith (radio presenter) | title=The Savoy Operas | publisher=Robert Hale Limited | location=London | year=1983}}
* {{cite book|last=Stedman|first=Jane W.|year=1996|title=W. S. Gilbert, A Classic Victorian & His Theatre|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-816174-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Williams|first=Carolyn|year=2010|title=Gilbert and Sullivan: Gender, Genre, Parody|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-14804-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Wolfson | first=John | title=Final Curtain – The Last Gilbert and Sullivan Operas | publisher=Chappell & Company Limited | location=London | year=1976}}

==External links==
*[http://diamond.boisestate.edu/gas/ The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive]
*[http://gsarchive.net/companions/index.html List of Savoy opera curtain raisers]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060703210028/http://www.cris.com/~oakapple/gasdisc/index.htm The Gilbert and Sullivan Discography]
*[http://www.musicals101.com/g&s101.htm Gilbert & Sullivan 101, with essays, bibliography, related links, etc.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060709194209/http://www.cris.com/~oakapple/savoynet/ Savoynet – an email-based G&S listserv]
*[https://www.gsarchive.net/whowaswho/index.htm Who Was Who in the D'Oyly Carte]
*[http://pinafore.www3.50megs.com/mainindex.html Memories of the D'Oyly Carte website]
*[http://savoyoperas.org.uk/home.htm Reviews of the operas]

{{Gilbert and Sullivan}}
{{Opera genres}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Gilbert and Sullivan]]
[[Category:Opera genres]]
[[Category:Comedy genres]]