Editing Scarcity value

'''Scarcity value''' is an [[economic]] factor describing the increase in an item's relative [[price]] by a low [[supply and demand|supply]]. Whereas the prices of newly manufactured products depends mostly on the ''cost of production'' (the cost of inputs used to produce them, which in turn reflects the scarcity of the inputs), the prices of many goods—such as antiques, rare stamps, and those raw materials in high demand—reflects the scarcity of the products themselves. <ref>Mathur P.N. (1991) The Role of Scarcity Value and Market Price. In: Why Developing Countries Fail to Develop. Palgrave Macmillan, London. {{ISBN|9781349213450}}  </ref> 

In terms of [[partial equilibrium|partial-equilibrium]] [[supply and demand]], the markets where prices are "cost-determined" have a supply curve that is very elastic or even horizontal, so that an increase in demand raises the quantity of production much more than the price. The price mostly reflects the scarcity of the inputs but not that of the product. On the other hand, those items with scarcity value have inelastic or even vertical supply curves, so that an increase in the demand for the product mostly increases the price and not the quantity supplied. The seller of the product receives a price higher than the cost of producing the item and so receives a significant [[economic rent|scarcity rent]] or [[producer's surplus]] when demand is high. Note that the cost of production  may be close to zero, as with a rare stamp, so that the entire price consists of scarcity rent.<ref>Fromkin, H. L., Olson, J. C, Dipboye, R. L., & Barnaby, D. (1971). A commodity theory analysis of consumer preferences for scarce products. Proceedings of the 79th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 6, 653-654</ref>

In a contribution by biologists Courchamp ''et al.'' (2006) it is argued that rarity value (as they call scarcity value) may sometimes contribute to the over-exploitation of wildlife or rare biological systems. Rarity leads to a high unit price of a species, hence to higher incentives to catch, which in turn increases rarity, inducing a higher price, higher incentives, and so on. An ongoing example of this kind of economic–biological feedback might be the case of the [[bluefin tuna]].

==In literature==

In [[Mark Twain]]'s novel ''[[Tom Sawyer]]'', he describes the titular character's revelation regarding a key driver of activity: "Tom said to himself that it was not such a hollow world, after all. He had discovered a great law of human action, without knowing it – namely, that in order to make a man or a boy covet a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to attain."
<ref>{{cite book|last=Twain|first=Mark|title=The Adventures of Tom Sawyer|url=https://archive.org/details/TheAdventuresOfTomSawyerMR|year=1876}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Snob effect]]

==References==
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[[Category:Scarcity]]


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