Editing Schizoanalysis

{{Short description|Set of theories}}{{Over-quotation|date=April 2025}}{{Broader|Ecosophy|Pragmatics|Critical theory}}
{{Semiotics}}

'''Schizoanalysis''' (''or'' '''ecosophy''', '''pragmatics''', '''micropolitics''', '''rhizomatics''', or '''nomadology''') ({{langx|fr|schizoanalyse}}; ''schizo-'' from [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] σχίζειν ''skhizein'', meaning "to split") is a set of [[Theory|theories]] and techniques developed by philosopher [[Gilles Deleuze]] and psychoanalyst [[Félix Guattari]], first expounded in their book ''[[Anti-Oedipus]]'' (1972) and continued in their follow-up work, ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]'' (1980).<ref>{{cite book
 |translator-last1=Bains
 |translator-first1=Paul
 |translator-last2=Pefanis
 |translator-first2=Julian
 |last=Guattari
 |first=Félix
 |date=2006
 |orig-date=1992
 |title=Chaosmosis: an ethico-aesthetic paradigm
 |publisher=Power Publications
 |page=127
 |isbn=978-0-909952-25-9
 |quote= [T]he ecosophic (or schizoanalytic) approach[.]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
| last1      = Kennedy
| first1     = Barbara M.
| date       = 2011
| title      = 'Memoirs of a Geisha': The Material Poesis of Temporality
| url        = https://www.jstor.org/stable/23346015
| journal    = Discourse
| volume     = 33
| issue      = 2
| pages      = 203–220
| doi        = 10.1353/dis.2011.a474424
| jstor = 23346015
| access-date = 2022-07-03
| quote      =Referred to as pragmatics, micropolitics, rhizomatics, and nomadology, schizoanalysis has the potential to open up new lines of flight not merely through the more molar political spaces, but in the life-flows of molecular spaces in art, literatures, and performative aural and visual media; through the understanding of the libido as an economy of flows, not an economy of lack, loss, and the abyssal.| url-access= subscription
}}</ref>

==Overview==

{{Blockquote
|text=[T]he goal of schizoanalysis: to analyze the specific nature of the [[Libido|libidinal]] investments in the economic and political spheres, and thereby show how, in the subject who desires, desire can be made to desire its own repression—whence the role of the [[Death drive|death instinct]] in the circuit connecting desire to the [[social sphere]]. [...] Schizoanalysis is at once a [[Transcendental idealism|transcendental]] and a [[Materialism|materialist]] [[analysis]].<ref>{{cite book
 |last1=Deleuze
 |first1=Gilles
 |last2=Guattari
 |first2=Félix
 |translator-last1=Hurley
 |translator-first1=Robert
 |translator-last2=Seem
 |translator-first2=Mark
 |translator-last3=Lane R.
 |translator-first3=Helen
 |date=2009
 |orig-date=1972
 |title=Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia
 |publisher=Penguin Books
 |pages=105, 109
 |isbn=978-0-14-310582-4}}</ref>
|author=[[Deleuze and Guattari]]}}

The practice acquired many different definitions, uses and articulations during the course of its development in collaborative work with Deleuze and individually in the work of Guattari; for instance, in Guattari's final work, ''Chaosmosis'', he explained that "rather than moving in the direction of [[Reductionism|reductionist]] modifications which simplify the complex", schizoanalysis "will work towards its complexification, its processual enrichment, towards the consistency of its virtual lines of bifurcation and [[Differentiation (sociology)|differentiation]], in short towards its ontological [[heterogeneity]]" whereupon it could take on the same tasks expected of revolutionary ideologies and political [[project]]s.

===Background===
{{Broader|Materialism|Perspectivism}}

{{Blockquote
|text=Schizoanalysis [...] has no other meaning: Make a [[Rhizome (philosophy)|rhizome]].<ref>{{cite book
|last1=Deleuze
|first1=Gilles
|last2=Guattari
|first2=Félix
|translator-last=Massumi
|translator-first=Brian
|date=1987
|chapter=Becoming-Intense, Becoming-Animal, Becoming-Imperceptible...
|title=A Thousand Plateaus
|series=Capitalism and Schizophrenia
|publisher=University of Minnesota Press
|pages=251
|isbn=978-1-85168-637-7}}</ref>
|author=[[Deleuze and Guattari]]}}

Schizoanalysis was developed by Guattari as an open-ended theoretical practice responding to the perceived shortcomings of French psychoanalytic practice and as the culmination of his work with [[institutional psychotherapy]] at the [[La Borde clinic]]. Guattari was regularly confronted with the use of the [[Oedipus complex]] as a starting point for analysis, and the uneven dynamic of the authority figure of the psychoanalyst in relationship to the patient. Guattari was interested in a practice that could derive, from given systems of enunciation and [[Subject (philosophy)|subjective]] structures, new "[[Assemblage (philosophy)|assemblage]]s [''agencements''] of enunciation" capable of forging new coordinates of analysis, and to create unforeseen propositions and representations from the standpoint of [[psychosis]] that would yield positive conclusions to analysis.

{{Blockquote
|text=The new materialism takes from Nietzsche the notion that each body or product is a synthesis of forces, a sign or symptom of a mode of existence. Desire is never something that is missing, forbidden, or signified: desire is a power of synthesis that constructs an assemblage in order to increase its power of acting.<ref name=GC>{{cite book
 |last= Goodchild
 |first=Philip
 |editor-last1= Simons
 |editor-first1= Jon
 |date=2006 
 |chapter=Gilles Deleuze (1925–95) and Felix Guattari (1930–92)   |title=Contemporary Critical Theorists: From Lacan to Said
 |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvxcrrt8.15
 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press
 |pages= 168–184
 |jstor=10.3366/j.ctvxcrrt8.15
 |isbn=978-0-7486-1719-7}}</ref>
 |author=Philip Goodchild}}

Deleuze would later begin to break away from the framework, stating that in 1973 that "we no longer want to talk about schizoanalysis, because that would amount to protecting a particular [[Line of flight|type of escape]], schizophrenic escape".<ref>
Gilles Deleuze, Desert Islands and Other Texts, 1953–1974, MIT Press, 2004 (pp. 274--280), originally published in "Relazione di Gilles Deleuze" and discussions in Armando Verdiglione, ed., ''Psicanalisi e Politica; Atti del Convegno di studi tenuto a Milano l'8—9 Maggio 1973''. Milan: Feltrinelli, 1973, pp. 7-11, 17-21, 37-40, 44-45, 169-172. Abridged and edited</ref>

==Concepts==
{{Broader|Becoming (philosophy)}}

{{Blockquote
|text=Schizoanalysis, then, is a form of social analysis according to abstract machines, lines of flight or deterritorialisation, regimes of signs, the stratification of molecular elements or their destratification, and planes of consistency. It maps the social unconscious according to its movements and intensities of desire. [...] so that lines of experimentation or becoming may be constructed through a reassembling of the abstract machines that lie between the strata and produce them.<ref name=GC/>
 |author=Philip Goodchild}}

In the phrasing of David Burrows and Simon O'Sullivan, schizoanalysis is a project of "experiments that dissemble and dissolve the self and other configurations and modes of organisation, but that also propose that an individual is composed of a diversity of different individuations, of other durations, both organic and inorganic [...] it is schizoanalysis that reveals that a sense of self can be made and unmade".<ref>{{cite book
| last1 = Burrows
| first1 = David
| last2 = O'Sullivan
| first2 = Simon
| date = 2019
| title = Fictioning: The Myth-Functions of Contemporary Art and Philosophy
| publisher = Edinburgh University Press
| pages = 59–60
| isbn = 978-1-4744-3240-5}}</ref> Deleuze and Guattari themselves summarized schizoanalytic practice in the fourth chapter of ''Anti-Oedipus'', "Introduction to Schizoanalysis", as prompting the questions "What are your [[Desiring-production|desiring-machines]], what do you put into these machines, what is the output, how does it work, what are your nonhuman sexes?". In this sense, they developed four theses of schizoanalysis:

# Every unconscious libidinal investment is social and bears upon a socio-historical field.
# Unconscious libidinal investments of group or desire are distinct from preconscious investments of class or interest.
# Non-familial libidinal investments of the social field are primary in relation to familial investments.
# Social libidinal investments are distinguished according to two poles: a paranoiac reactionary pole, and a schizoid revolutionary pole.

===Schizoanalyst===
{{Main|Cybernetics}}
{{Broader|Autopoiesis|Élan vital|Spinozism}}
{{See also|Family therapy}}

{{Blockquote
|text=The schizoanalyst is a [[mechanic]], and schizoanalysis is solely functional. [...] Analysis should deal solely [...] with the machinic arrangements grasped in the context of their molecular dispersion. [...] every [[Object relations theory|partial object]] emits a flow [in the field of [[Multiplicity (philosophy)|multiplicity]] ] [...] ''Partial objects are direct powers of the [[body without organs]], and the body without organs, the raw material of the partial objects''. [...] The body without organs is an [[Immanence|immanent]] substance [...connecting] Spinozist [...partial-object-like] attributes [that enunciate its [[haecceity]] ][.]<ref>{{cite book
 |last1=Deleuze
 |first1=Gilles
 |last2=Guattari
 |first2=Félix
 |translator-last1=Hurley
 |translator-first1=Robert
 |translator-last2=Seem
 |translator-first2=Mark
 |translator-last3=Lane R.
 |translator-first3=Helen
 |date=2009
 |orig-date=1972
 |title=Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia
 |publisher=Penguin Books
 |pages=322–327
 |isbn=978-0-14-310582-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 |last=Deleuze
 |first=Gilles
 |translator-last1=Hurley
 |translator-first1=Robert
 |date=1988
 |orig-year=1970
 |title=Spinoza: Practical Philosophy
 |publisher=City Lights Books
 |pages= 51, 52
 |isbn=978-0-87286-218-0
 |quote='''Attribute'''—'What the intellect perceives of a substance, as constituting its essence' (''Ethics'', 1, def. 4). [...] Each attribute 'expresses' a certain essence (I, 10, schol. 1) [...] And ''immanence'' signifies first of all the ''univocity of the attributes''[.]}}</ref>
 |author=[[Deleuze and Guattari]]}}

A schizoanalyst cannot be considered a kind of [[deconstruction]]ist; in Guattari's terms, they pass what is understood to be ''[[logos]]'' through a [[Text (literary theory)|text]]-machine-subject having the status of a partial object to express [[Praxis (process)|praxis]]-enslavement by—in Deleuze and Guattari's French—[[Will to power|''puissance'']], and the experience of the process of machinic enslavement.<ref>{{cite journal
| last1      = Cross
| first1     = D. J. S.
| date       = 2017
| title      = Apocrypha: Derrida's Writing in ''Anti-Oedipus''
| url        = https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/crnewcentrevi.17.3.0177
| journal    = CR: The New Centennial Review
| volume     = 17
| issue      = 3
| pages      = 177–197
| doi        = 10.14321/crnewcentrevi.17.3.0177
| jstor = 10.14321/crnewcentrevi.17.3.0177
| access-date = 2022-07-03
| quote      = The schizoanalyst doesn't read a text to comment on it; the schizoanalyst reads for the sake of extra-textual currents of desire traversing it. 'For reading a text is never an erudite exercise in search of signifieds, much less a highly textual exercise in quest of a signifier, but rather a productive usage of the literary machine, a ''montage'' of desiring machines, schizoid exercise that extracts [''dégage''] from the text its revolutionary power [''puissance'']' [...] A text is only a small gear in a much larger machine. The schizoanalyst doesn’t 'deconstruct.'| url-access= subscription
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|last=Guattari
|first=Félix
|translator-last=Adkins
|translator-first=Taylor
|date=2011
|orig-year=1979
|title=The Machinic Unconscious: Essays in Schizoanalysis
|series=Semiotext(e) Foreign Agents Series
|publisher= Semiotext(e)
|page=159
|isbn=978-1-58435-088-0
|quote=The subject and the machine are inseparable from one another. A degree of subjectivity enters into every material assemblage. And reciprocally, a degree of machinic enslavement enters into every subjective assemblage. [...] Being-in-itself and being-for-itself are only relatively equivalent to being-for-praxis, being-for-assemblage.}}</ref> Schizoanalysis addresses [[ressentiment]] by leading the neurotic subject to a rhizomatic state of [[becoming (philosophy)|becoming]].<ref>{{cite journal
| last1      = Kennedy
| first1     = Barbara M.
| date       = 2011
| title      = 'Memoirs of a Geisha': The Material Poesis of Temporality
| url        = https://www.jstor.org/stable/23346015
| journal    = Discourse
| volume     = 33
| issue      = 2
| pages      = 203–220
| doi        = 10.1353/dis.2011.a474424
| jstor = 23346015
| access-date = 2022-07-03
| quote      = Schizoanalysis provides a diagnosis and healing of the man of ''ressentiment'', the slave of neurosis, castration, loss, lack, and oedipal desire. Schizoanalysis erects the schizo, not the subject.| url-access= subscription
}}</ref><ref name=Marriott/> Schizoanalysis uses [[psychosis]] as a [[Literal and figurative language|figurative]]-philosophical diagrammatic model, creating ''abstract machines'' that go beyond a semiotic [[simulacrum]], generating a reality not already present.<ref>{{cite journal
| last1      = Kennedy
| first1     = Barbara M.
| date       = 2011
| title      ='Memoirs of a Geisha': The Material Poesis of Temporality
| url        = https://www.jstor.org/stable/23346015
| journal    = Discourse
| volume     = 33
| issue      = 2
| pages      = 203–220
| doi        = 10.1353/dis.2011.a474424
| jstor = 23346015
| access-date = 2022-07-03
| quote      = Taken from the medical model of schizophrenia within psychiatry, concepts such as the cracks, fissures, and dissolutions experienced by patients are transversed into an empiricist and diagrammatic model [...] to explore differently conceived mechanisms of desire and pleasure. [...] a diagrammatic component. This is often referred to as the ''abstract machine''[.] [...] Unlike semiotics and signs, the abstract machine does not function to represent, but rather to construct a reality of a different order.| url-access= subscription
}}</ref><ref name=Marriott>{{cite book
 |last=Marriott
 |first=David S.
 |date=2021
 |title=Lacan Noir: Lacan and Afro-pessimism
 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan
 |series=The Palgrave Lacan Series
 |page=98
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-74978-1
 |isbn=978-3-030-74977-4
 |quote=Lacan knew, with genius, how psychosis reversed meaning, was ensnared in ''ressentiment''[.]}}</ref> Contradistinct from the [[psychoanalytic]] axiom of [[lack (psychoanalysis)|lack]] generating the kernel at the core of the subject, schizoanalytic [[desiring-production]] of intensities [[Decoding (semiotics)|decode]] "representational [[territories]]" by self-generating the subject-becoming-BwO as a [[Multiplicity (philosophy)|multiplicity]].<ref>{{cite book
 |last=Penney
 |first=James
 |author-link=
 |date=2014 
   |chapter=Capitalism and Schizoanalysis
 |title=After Queer Theory: The Limits of Sexual Politics
 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt183p7nq.8
 |location=
 |publisher=Pluto Press
 |pages=111–144
 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt183p7nq.8
 |jstor=j.ctt183p7nq.8
 |isbn=978-0-7453-3378-6
 |quote=Against this [Lacanian] emphasis [of lack via Freud], Deleuze and Guattari offer an alternative account of desire as self-generating production.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
| last1      = Sellar
| first1     = Sam
| date       = 2015
| title      = A Strange Craving to be Motivated: Schizoanalysis, Human Capital and Education
| url        = https://www.jstor.org/stable/45331824
| journal    = Deleuze Studies
| volume     = 9
| issue      = 3
| pages      = 424–436
| doi        = 10.3366/dls.2015.0196
| jstor = 45331824
| access-date = 2022-07-03
| quote      = Schizoanalysis conceives of desire as a productive force that constitutes subjects from multiplicity. [...] [D&G] see the process of decoding, which frees desiring-production from its representational territories, as a positive development[.]| url-access= subscription
}}</ref> Desiring-production is a [[Virtuality (philosophy)|virtuality]] of becoming-''intense'', a becoming-[[other (philosophy)|Other]].<ref>{{cite journal
| last1      = Brown
| first1     = William
| last2      = Fleming
| first2     = David H.
| date       = 2011
| title      = Deterritorialisation and Schizoanalysis in David Fincher's 'Fight Club'
| url        = https://www.jstor.org/stable/45331462
| journal    = Deleuze Studies
| volume     = 5
| issue      = 2, Special Issue on Schizoanalysis and Visual Culture
| pages      = 275–299
| doi        = 10.3366/dls.2011.0021
| jstor = 45331462
| access-date = 2022-07-03
| quote      = In ''Anti-Oedipus'' (1983), Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari advanced a radical conception of desire, no longer shackled to absence and lack, but based on a productive process of presence and becoming. [...] one in which the conventional distinctions between inside and outside, actual and virtual, and even between self and other significantly blur.| url-access= subscription
}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
| last1      = Kennedy
| first1     = Barbara M.
| date       = 2011
| title      = 'Memoirs of a Geisha': The Material Poesis of Temporality
| url        = https://www.jstor.org/stable/23346015
| journal    = Discourse
| volume     = 33
| issue      = 2
| pages      = 203–220
| doi        = 10.1353/dis.2011.a474424
| jstor = 23346015
| access-date = 2022-07-03
| quote      = Deleuze and Guattari describe the body as a set of variously informed ''speeds'' and ''intensities''.| url-access= subscription
}}</ref> Schizoanalysis [[Deterritorialization|deterritorializes]]-[[Reterritorialization|reterritorializes]] found [[Assemblage (philosophy)|assemblages]] through [[Rhizome (philosophy)|rhizomatic]] desiring-production.<ref>{{cite journal
| last1      = Sellar
| first1     = Sam
| date       = 2015
| title      = A Strange Craving to be Motivated: Schizoanalysis, Human Capital and Education
| url        = https://www.jstor.org/stable/45331824
| journal    = Deleuze Studies
| volume     = 9
| issue      = 3
| pages      = 424–436
| doi        = 10.3366/dls.2015.0196
| jstor = 45331824
| access-date = 2022-07-03
| quote      = [D&G] identify three inseparable tasks of schizoanalysis: destroying Oedipus or the representational territorialities of desire, discovering the desiring-machines operating outside of representation and reaching the investment of unconscious desire in the social field, as distinct from preconscious investments of interest.| url-access= subscription
}}</ref>

===Body without organs===
{{Main|Body without organs|Plane of immanence}}
{{Broader|Psychic apparatus|Death drive}}
{{Distinguish|Extension (metaphysics)|Human body}}

The body without organs is a metaphysical concept of Deleuze and Guattari's that they considered in ''A Thousand Plateaus'' to be "the only practical object of schizoanalysis". It is state of freedom that they refer to as "the unproductive, the sterile, the unengendered, the unconsumable". Bodies without organs are produced by the unconscious when [[desiring-production]] achieves its third nonproductive stage; a body without organs is "produced as a whole, but in its own particular place within the process of production, alongside the parts that it neither unifies nor totalizes." Deleuze wrote, prior to his work with Guattari, in ''[[The Logic of Sense]]'' that "a body without organs, with neither mouth nor anus, having given up all introjection or projection, and being complete, at this price", is "closed on a full depth without limits and without exteriority."

===Four functors===
{{Broader|Functor}}

The four functors, or ontological dimensions, are concepts that were deployed by Guattari within a typical clinical model of the unconscious, which are laid out in the following schema:<ref>{{cite book
 |translator-last1=Bains
 |translator-first1=Paul
 |translator-last2=Pefanis
 |translator-first2=Julian
 |last=Guattari
 |first=Félix
 |date=2006
 |orig-date=1992
 |title=Chaosmosis: an ethico-aesthetic paradigm
 |publisher=Power Publications
 |pages=53, 125
 |isbn=978-0-909952-25-9
 |quote= The machine is always synonymous with a nucleus constitutive of an existential Territory against a background of a constellation of incorporeal Universes of reference (or value). [...] [T]he four ontological dimensions of Fluxes, Territories, Universes and machinic Phylums.}}</ref>

# Fluxes: material, energetic and semiotic transformations (for instance, [[libido]])<ref name=Gua1>{{cite book
 |translator-last1=Bains
 |translator-first1=Paul
 |translator-last2=Pefanis
 |translator-first2=Julian
 |last=Guattari
 |first=Félix
 |date=2006
 |orig-date=1992
 |title=Chaosmosis: an ethico-aesthetic paradigm
 |publisher=Power Publications
 |page=126
 |isbn=978-0-909952-25-9
 |quote= To speak of machines rather than drives, Fluxes rather than libido, existential Territories rather than the instances of the self and of transference, incorporeal Universes rather than unconscious complexes and sublimation, chaosmic entities rather than signifiers—fitting ontological dimensions together in a circular manner rather than dividing the world up into infrastructure and superstructure—may not simply be a matter of vocabulary!}}</ref>
# Territories: finite existential subjectifications (for instance, the notion of [[self]] and the process of [[transference]])<ref name=Gua1/>
# Universes of reference (value): virtual incorporeal enunciative alterifications (for instance, [[Complex (psychology)|complexes]] and the process of [[Sublimation (psychology)|sublimation]])<ref name=Gua1/>
# Phylum (machinic): [[drive theory|drive]] [[deterritorialization]] (for instance, Deleuze and Guattari's notion of [[Mental disorder|breakdown]] as breakthrough, and the Lacanian ''[[sinthome]]'')<ref>{{cite book
|last1=Deleuze
|first1=Gilles
|last2=Guattari
|first2=Félix
|translator-last=Massumi
|translator-first=Brian
|date=1987
|chapter=Treatise on Nomadology—The War Machine
|title=A Thousand Plateaus
|series=Capitalism and Schizophrenia
|publisher=University of Minnesota Press
|pages=410
|isbn=978-1-85168-637-7
|quote=''machinic phylum'', the flow of matter, [is] essentially [...] (deterritorialization).}}</ref><ref name=Gua1/>

The territory (first assemblage that appears by decoding) is the social field of deterritorialization and [[reterritorialization]],<ref>{{cite book
|last1=Deleuze
|first1=Gilles
|last2=Guattari
|first2=Félix
|translator-last=Massumi
|translator-first=Brian
|date=1987
|chapter=Of the Refrain
|title=A Thousand Plateaus
|series=Capitalism and Schizophrenia
|publisher=University of Minnesota Press
|pages=322, 323
|isbn=978-1-85168-637-7
|quote=[T]he territory [...] seems to form at the level of a certain ''decoding''. [...] The territory is the first assemblage[.]}}</ref> while the flux and phylum are the components of abstract machines. With these functors, there are four circular components that bud and form [[Rhizome (philosophy)|rhizomes]]:<ref>Deleuze and Guattari, [[A Thousand Plateaus]] (1980, 160-2).</ref><ref>{{cite book
|last=Guattari
|first=Félix
|translator-last=Adkins
|translator-first=Taylor
|date=2011
|orig-year=1979
|title=The Machinic Unconscious: Essays in Schizoanalysis
|series=Semiotext(e) Foreign Agents Series
|publisher= Semiotext(e)
|page=188
|isbn=978-1-58435-088-0}}</ref>

# The generative component: the study of concrete mixed [[semiotics]]; their mixtures and variations, making a tracing of the mixed semiotics.
# The transformational component: the study of pure semiotics; their transformations-translations and the creation of new semiotics, making the transformational map of the regimes, with their possibilities for translation and creation, for budding along the lines of the tracings.
# The diagrammatic component: [[The Real]] as an [[Absolute (philosophy)|Absolute]] synchronic-parallel diagram of [[Reality]] (or [[Nature (philosophy)|Nature]]), surpassing all regimes of signs by the merging of content and expression.<ref>{{cite book
|last1=Deleuze
|first1=Gilles
|last2=Guattari
|first2=Félix
|translator-last=Massumi
|translator-first=Brian
|date=1987
|chapter=On Several Regimes of Signs
|title=A Thousand Plateaus
|series=Capitalism and Schizophrenia
|publisher=University of Minnesota Press
|pages=136–142
|isbn=978-1-85168-637-7
|quote=[T]ransformations that blow apart semiotics systems or regimes of signs on the plane of consistency of a positive absolute deterritorialization are called ''diagrammatic''. [...] An abstract machine [...] is ''diagrammatic'' [...] It operates by ''matter'', not by substance; by ''function'', not by form. [...] The abstract machine is pure Matter-Function [...] A diagram has neither substance nor form, neither content nor expression. [...] Writing now functions on the same level as the real, and the real materially writes. [...] This Real-Abstract is totally different from the fictitious abstraction of a supposedly pure machine of expression. It is Absolute, but one that is neither undifferentiated nor transcendent. [...] there are no regimes of signs on the diagrammatic level, or on the plane of consistency, because form of expression is no longer really distinct from form of content.}}</ref>
# The machinic component: the study of the assemblages that effectuate abstract machines, simultaneously semiotizing matters of expression and physicalizing matters of content, outlining the program of the assemblages that distribute everything and bring a circulation of movement with alternatives, jumps, and mutations.

==Legacy==
* [[Manuel DeLanda]]<ref name=GC/>
* [[Michael Hardt]]<ref name=GC/>
* [[Antonio Negri]]<ref name=GC/>

===Nick Land===
British philosopher and theorist [[Nick Land]], whose critical work and experimental texts in the 1990s frequently cited Deleuze and Guattari, wrote that "schizoanalysis shares in the delicious irresponsibility of everything anarchic, inundating and harshly impersonal."<ref>Nick Land, Fanged Noumena: Collected Writings 1987-2007 (2011, 265).</ref> In his 1992 essay "Circuitries", Land described the practice of schizoanalysis as a prescient theory, writing that it "was only possible because we are hurtling into the first globally integrated insanity: politics is obsolete. ''[[Capitalism and Schizophrenia]]'' hacked into a future that programs it down to its punctuation, connecting with the imminent inevitability of viral revolution, soft fusion."<ref>Nick Land, Fanged Noumena (2011, 317).</ref> Land's later work in the 1990s, associated with the [[Cybernetic Culture Research Unit]], also further reinterpreted and developed schizoanalysis alongside [[cybernetics]], [[cyberpunk]] aesthetics and [[occultism]], most prominently in his 1995 essay "Meltdown":
<blockquote> Machinic Synthesis. Deleuzoguattarian schizoanalysis comes from the future. It is already engaging with nonlinear nano-engineering runaway in 1972; differentiating molecular or neotropic machineries from molar or entropic aggregates of nonassembled particles; functional connectivity from antiproductive static. Philosophy has an affinity with despotism, due to its predilection for Platonic-fascist top-down solutions that always screw up viciously. Schizoanalysis works differently. It avoids Ideas, and sticks to diagrams: networking software for accessing bodies without organs. BwOs, machinic singularities, or tractor fields emerge through the combination of parts with (rather than into) their whole; arranging composite individuations in a virtual/actual circuit.<ref>Nick Land, Fanged Noumena (2011, 442).</ref></blockquote>

===Bard & Söderqvist===
Swedish philosophers and futurologists [[Alexander Bard]] and [[Jan Söderqvist]] build from Deleuze & Guattari's schizoanalysis in their book ''The Body Machines'' (2009), the third and final installment of ''The Futurica Trilogy'' (2000–2009) with [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan]]'s empty signifier re-added as an extra +1 to a properly implemented 12+1 structure – developed in collaboration with Stockholm's [[Royal Institute of Art]] – as both the empty unifier of the psyche and the dissolution of social hierarchy. The authors argue the 12+1 model is a psychoanalytic improvement to the otherwise "Kantian all too Kantian" technique of [[Compartmentalization (psychology)|compartmentalization]] in psychology. As cultural examples of 12+1 are cited the hour prior to and following the twelve hours of a clock, [[Jesus|Christ]] as living present and dead absent in relation to the twelve [[Apostles in the New Testament]], and the ace card as both superior to the king and inferior to two in a [[playing card]] series. In this sense, the socially constructed +1 is nothing but a subject's passport name, understanding capitalist subjectivity as multipolar (twelve being a random number) akin to the urban intersubjectivities explored in musical theatre pieces like [[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]]'s [[La bohème]] and [[Jonathan Larson]]'s [[Rent (musical)|Rent]].

===Radical Black Aesthetic===
{{Broader|Afro-pessimism (United States)}}
{{See also|Afrofuturism|Africanfuturism}}

John Gillespie posits that writers [[Amiri Baraka]] and [[Frantz Fanon]] are schizoanalytic under the lens of critically examining [[racism]] (e.g., ''Black Dada Nihilismus'' on [[Dada]]).<ref>{{cite journal
| last1      = Gillespie
| first1     = John
| date       = 2018
| title      = Black Dada Nihilismus: Theorizing a Radical Black Aesthetic
| url        = https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/jcritethnstud.4.2.0100
| journal    = Critical Ethnic Studies
| volume     = 4
| issue      = 2
| pages      = 100–117
| doi        = 10.5749/jcritethnstud.4.2.0100
| jstor = 10.5749/jcritethnstud.4.2.0100
| access-date = 2022-07-03
| quote      = [S]chizoanalysis, as written about here, should not be considered as an idea that Deleuze and Guattari conceived of but rather as a label that Deleuze and Guattari (mis)place on the actions of white artists, and Black artists like Amiri Baraka and psychiatrists like Frantz Fanon have always already been doing.| url-access= subscription
}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Anti-psychiatry]]
*[[Body without organs]]
*''[[Capitalism and Schizophrenia]]''
* [[Carnivalesque]]
* [[Hypertext fiction]]
* [[Institutional psychotherapy]]
* [[Interdisciplinarity]]
* [[Line of flight]]
* [[Minority (philosophy)]]
* [[Plane of immanence]]
* [[Psychical nomadism]]

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal
| last1      = Bates
| first1     = Benjamin R.
| last2      = Stroup
| first2     = Kristopher
| date       = 2007
| title      = The Eternal Sunshine of the Solar Anus: A Schizoanalytic Perspective on Critical Methodology
| url        = https://www.jstor.org/stable/20176760
| journal    = Rhetoric Review
| volume     = 26
| issue      = 1
| pages      = 60–79
| doi        = 10.1080/07350190709336686
| jstor = 20176760
| access-date = 2022-07-03| url-access= subscription
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* Ian Buchanan, 'Schizoanalysis: An Incomplete Project', in B. Dillet, I. Mackenzie & R. Porter eds., ''The Edinburgh Companion to Poststructuralism'', Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013, pp.&nbsp;163–185.
* [[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze, Gilles]] and [[Félix Guattari]]. 1972. ''[[Anti-Oedipus]]''. Trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem and Helen R. Lane. London and New York: Continuum, 2004. Vol. 1 of ''[[Capitalism and Schizophrenia]]''. 2 vols. 1972–1980. Trans. of ''L'Anti-Oedipe''. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit. {{ISBN|0-8264-7695-3}}.
* ---. 1980. ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]''. Trans. [[Brian Massumi]]. London and New York: Continuum, 2004. Vol. 2 of ''[[Capitalism and Schizophrenia]]''. 2 vols. 1972–1980. Trans. of ''Mille Plateaux''. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit. {{ISBN|0-8264-7694-5}}.
* [[Félix Guattari|Guattari, Félix]]. 1989. ''Cartographies Schizoanalytiques''. Paris: Editions Galilee.
* ---. 1992. ''Chaosmosis: An Ethico-Aesthetic Paradigm''. Trans. Paul Bains and Julian Pefanis. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 1995. Trans. of ''Chaosmose''. Paris: Editions Galilee. {{ISBN|0-909952-25-6}}.
* [[Eugene Holland|Holland, Eugene]]. 1999. ''Deleuze and Guattari's ''Anti Oedipus'': Introduction to Schizoanalysis''. Oxford: Routledge.

{{Deleuze-Guattari}}

[[Category:Psychoanalytic schools]]
[[Category:Counterculture]]
[[Category:Félix Guattari]]
[[Category:Gilles Deleuze]]