Editing Seaboard Coast Line Railroad

{{Short description|Transport company}}
{{Infobox rail
| railroad_name=Seaboard Coast Line Railroad
| logo_filename=File:Seaboard_Coast_Line_Railroad_Logo,_July_1967.svg
| logo_size=125
| gauge = {{track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| old_gauge=
| marks=SCL
| locale=[[Southeastern United States]]
| start_year=1967
| end_year=1983
| predecessor_line=[[Atlantic Coast Line Railroad]]<br>[[Seaboard Air Line Railroad]]
| successor_line=[[Seaboard System Railroad|Seaboard System]] (an operating company of [[CSX Corporation]])
| hq_city=[[Jacksonville, FL]] and [[Richmond, VA]]
| length={{Convert|9809|mi|km}} (July 1967)
}}

The '''Seaboard Coast Line Railroad''' {{reporting mark|SCL}} was a [[Class I railroad]] company operating in the [[Southeastern United States]] beginning in 1967. Its passenger operations were taken over by [[Amtrak]] in 1971. Eventually, the railroad was merged with its affiliate lines to create the [[Seaboard System Railroad|Seaboard System]] in 1983.

At the end of 1970, SCL operated 9,230 miles of railroad, not including A&WP-Clinchfield-CN&L-GM-Georgia-L&N-Carrollton; that year it reported 31,293 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 512 million passenger-miles.

==History==
[[Image:CSX A and S lines.png|thumb|upright|180px|The main lines of the ACL (shown in red) and SAL (shown in blue), which became [[CSX Transportation|CSX]]'s A and S lines]] 
The Seaboard Coast Line emerged on July 1, 1967, following the merger of the [[Seaboard Air Line Railroad]] with the [[Atlantic Coast Line Railroad]]. The combined system totaled {{Convert|9809|mi|km}}, the eighth largest in the United States at the time.<ref>''Transport Statistics'' shows 9306 route-miles operated by SCL itself at the end of 1967, not including numerous subsidiaries.</ref> The railroad had $1.2 billion in assets and revenue with a 54% market share of rail service in the [[Southeastern United States|Southeast]], facing competition primarily from the [[Southern Railway (U.S.)|Southern]].<ref name="SCL1">{{cite book |title=Seaboard Coast Line & Family Lines |last=Griffin |first=William |year=2004 |publisher=TLC Publishing |isbn=0-9766201-0-3 |pages=4–16 }}</ref> The seemingly redundant name resulted from the longstanding short-form names of these two major Southeastern railroads. For years, SAL had been popularly known as "Seaboard," while ACL was known as "the Coast Line."

Prior to the creation of [[Amtrak]] on May 1, 1971, the Seaboard Coast Line provided passenger service over much of its system, including local passenger trains on some lines.<ref>''Seaboard Coast Line Railroad Passenger Schedules'', July 1, 1967.</ref> Local trains ended when the Amtrak era began.<ref name=SCL1 /><ref name="LS1">{{cite journal |last1=Harwell |first1=Jeffrey |year=2008 |title=Operations In and Around Dothan |journal=Lines South |publisher=White River Productions |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=4–19 }}</ref> Although several named passenger trains survived through the Amtrak era, many were renamed or combined with other services.

The first expansion for the Seaboard Coast Line came in 1969 with the acquisition of the [[Piedmont and Northern Railway]], which operated about {{Convert|128|mi|km}} in North and South Carolina.<ref name="EIR">{{cite book |title=The Electric Interurban Railways in America |last=Hilton |first=George W. |year=2000 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=0-8047-4014-3 |pages=331–333 }}</ref> SCL would buy out the remaining shares and gain control of the [[Louisville and Nashville Railroad]] (L&N) in 1971, and also bought the [[Durham and Southern Railway]] from the Duke family in 1979. In 1978, SCL was approached by the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific Railroad]] (SP) and entered negotiations for a potential transcontinental merger, with the L&N being used to connect the two railroads.<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine |last=Appel |first=Walter |date=September 1978 |title=Railnews - SP/SCL Merger: It's not over yet |magazine=Railfan |publisher=Carstens Publications |page=18 |volume=2 |issue=7}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Hershberg |first=Ben |date=July 16, 1978 |title=A merger made in heaven? |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal-scli-sp-merger/143422746/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |work=The Courier-Journal - marketplace |page=67 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In May of that year, then-SCL president Prime Osborn III personally called off the merger, but SCL still sold some of their stock to the SP.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

On November 1, 1980, [[CSX Corporation]] was created as a holding company for the [[Seaboard System Railroad|Family Lines]] and [[Chessie System|Chessie System Railroad]]. Effective January 1, 1983, the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad became [[Seaboard System Railroad]] after a merger with the [[Louisville and Nashville Railroad]] and [[Clinchfield Railroad]]. For some years prior to this, the SCL and L&N had been under the common ownership of a holding company, [[Seaboard Coast Line Industries]] (SCLI), the company's railroad subsidiaries being collectively known as the [[Seaboard System Railroad|Family Lines System]] which consisted of the L&N, SCL, Clinchfield and West Point Routes. During this time, the railroads adopted the same paint schemes but continued to operate as separate railroads.

In 1983, CSX combined the Family Lines System units as the [[Seaboard System Railroad]] and later [[CSX Transportation]] when the former Chessie units merged with the Seaboard in December 1986.<ref>{{cite book |title=CSX |last=Solomon |first=Brian |year=2005 |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |isbn=0-7603-1796-8 |pages=63–67 }}</ref>

==Notable SCL services==

===Passenger Trains===
====New York - Florida====
*'''''[[Silver Meteor]]''''', inaugurated February 2, 1939
::Inherited from SAL. Initially an all-coach train (Pullman sleepers added in 1941), first [[streamliner]] to serve Florida, New York to Tampa/St. Petersburg and Miami. Trains continued beyond Tampa to Sarasota and Venice. Preserving its reputation as "one of the finest [trains] in the country," <ref name="TT1954">Seaboard condensed timetable, April 25, 1954 http://streamlinermemories.info/South/SAL54TT.pdf</ref> the train retained its round-ended [[observation car]]s until [[Amtrak]] took over operation in 1971. Still in Amtrak service today with updated equipment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://media.amtrak.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/FY19-Year-End-Ridership.pdf|title=Amtrak FY19 Ridership}}</ref> 
*'''''[[Silver Star (Amtrak train)|Silver Star]]''''', inaugurated December 12, 1947
::Inherited from SAL. Streamliner, coach and Pullman cars, New York to Tampa/St. Petersburg and Miami. Still in Amtrak service, with updated equipment (temporarily suspended and merged with the Capitol Limited as the Floridian).
*'''''[[Champion (train)|Champion]]''''', December 1, 1939 - October 1, 1979
::Inherited from ACL. Streamliner, coach and Pullman cars, New York to Tampa/St. Petersburg and Miami. Initially continued by Amtrak, it was discontinued in 1979.
*'''''Gulf Coast Special''''', 1920s – April 30, 1971
::Inherited from ACL. Coach and Pullman cars, New York – Tampa. The train was not continued by Amtrak in 1971.
*'''''Everglades''''', 1940s – April 30, 1971
::Inherited from ACL. All-coach, New York – Jacksonville. The train was not continued by Amtrak in 1971.
*'''''Palmland''''', Winter 1941 – April 30, 1971
::Inherited from SAL. Coach and Pullman cars, New York – St.Petersburg/Miami. The route was cut back to Columbia, South Carolina as the southern terminus by 1968, and the train was not continued by Amtrak in 1971.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goolsby |first1=Larry |title=Seaboard Air Line Railroad Passenger Service: The Streamlined Era |date=2011 |publisher=TLC Publishing Inc. |isbn=9780939487981 |pages=46–48}}</ref>
*'''''Sunland''''', Winter 1948 – December 1968
::Inherited from SAL. Coach and Pullman cars, New York – Tampa/Miami. Connections in Washington to New York and Boston. The route was cut back to Jacksonville, Florida as the southern terminus in February 1968, and later discontinued in December.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goolsby |first1=Larry |title=Seaboard Air Line Railroad Passenger Service: The Streamlined Era |date=2011 |publisher=TLC Publishing Inc. |isbn=9780939487981 |pages=48 – 50, 124}}</ref>

====Winter Only====
*'''''[[Vacationer (train)|Florida Special]]''''', Late 1800s - Spring 1972
::Inherited from ACL. Streamliner, coach and Pullman cars, New York to Tampa/St. Petersburg and Miami. Initially continued by Amtrak, it was discontinued after the 1971-1972 winter season.

====Miscellaneous==== 
*'''''[[Silver Comet (train)|Silver Comet]]''''', May 18, 1947 – October 15, 1969
::Inherited from SAL. Streamliner, coach and Pullman cars, New York – Birmingham via Athens and Atlanta. The train was cut back to Washington – Atlanta only by January 1969, then to Richmond – Atlanta only by May, and finally discontinued October 15, 1969.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goolsby |first1=Larry |title=Seaboard Air Line Railroad Passenger Service: The Streamlined Era |date=2011 |publisher=TLC Publishing Inc. |isbn=9780939487981 |pages=124, 125}}</ref>
*'''''[[Gulf Wind]]''''', July 31, 1949 – April 30, 1971
::Inherited from SAL. Coach and Pullman cars, Jacksonville – New Orleans via Tallahassee, Pensacola and Mobile. Handled jointly by SCL and the [[Louisville and Nashville Railroad]], with motive power changed at Chattahoochee. The train was not continued by Amtrak in 1971.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goolsby |first1=Larry |title=Seaboard Air Line Railroad Passenger Service: The Streamlined Era |date=2011 |publisher=TLC Publishing Inc. |isbn=9780939487981 |pages=53, 54}}</ref>
*'''''Tidewater''''', November 1, 1953 – February 1968
::Inherited from SAL. Streamliner, coach and Pullman cars, Portsmouth, Virginia – Jacksonville, Florida, forwarding cars to the ''Silver Comet'' at Hamlet, North Carolina. Ferries would transport passengers between Norfolk and Portsmouth. Coach only by 1968.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goolsby |first1=Larry |title=Seaboard Air Line Railroad Passenger Service: The Streamlined Era |date=2011 |publisher=TLC Publishing Inc. |isbn=9780939487981 |pages=50 – 51, 122 – 124}}</ref>
*'''''[[Palmetto (ACL train)|Palmetto]]''''', 1944 – 1968
::Inherited from ACL. All-coach, New York – Savannah. The name and route was later revived by Amtrak in 1976 and still operates today.

===Juice Train===

[[Juice Train]] is the popular name for famous [[unit train]]s of [[Tropicana Products|Tropicana]] fresh [[orange juice]] operated by [[Rail transport|railroads]] in the [[United States]]. On June 7, 1970, beginning on Seaboard Coast Line railroad, a mile-long Tropicana Juice Train began carrying one million gallons of juice with one weekly round-trip from [[Bradenton, Florida]] to [[Kearny, New Jersey]], in the [[New York City]] area. The trip spanned {{Convert|1250|mi|km}} one way, and the 60 car train was the equivalent of 250 trucks.<ref>{{cite journal |year=1981 |title=The Great White Train|journal=The Family Lines Rail System Magazine |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=16–17 |publisher=Family Lines Railroad }}</ref>

Today it is no longer operated by SCL successor [[CSX Transportation]], a victim of CSX’s [[Precision scheduled railroading|PSR]] operating philosophy. Tropicana [[refrigerator car|refrigerated boxcars]] are still transported between Florida and New Jersey, however they are now mixed in with [[intermodal freight transport#Transportation_modes|Intermodal trains]]. In the past, the Juice Trains have been the focus of efficiency studies and awards as examples of how modern rail transportation can compete successfully against trucking and other modes to carry perishable products.

==Motive power==

Immediately following the 1967 merger, the newly created SCL network had 1,232 locomotives. The vast majority of the ACL roster contained [[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]] (Electro-Motive Division of [[General Motors]]) locomotives in addition to some [[GE Transportation|General Electric]] (GE) and [[American Locomotive Company|Alco]] models as well as [[Baldwin Locomotive Works|Baldwin]] [[switcher|switchers]], while the SAL rostered mainly EMD and Alco diesels in addition to some GE models and Baldwin switchers.<ref name="SCL2">{{cite book |title=Seaboard Coast Line Railroad |last=Nuckles |first=Douglas B. |year=1995 |publisher=TLC Publishing|isbn=1-883089-13-1 }}</ref> Both railroads had purchased new freight locomotives in the 5 years leading up to the merger. Among the first new locomotives purchased by the Seaboard Coast Line were 28 [[GE U33B]] locomotives, acquired in 1967 and 1968. These were followed by 108 [[GE U36B]] locomotives between 1970 and 1972.<ref name=SCL1 /> From EMD, SCL purchased [[EMD SD45|SD45]] locomotives in 1968, with more to follow in 1971. [[EMD SD45-2|SD45-2]] locomotives were added in 1974. [[EMD GP40|GP40]] and [[EMD GP40-2|GP40-2]] locomotives were added to the fleet between 1968 and 1972 for use on through freights and other high priority freight trains. All former SAL locomotives ran for many years in the "Split-image" scheme, still in full SAL paint, but relettered and renumbered SCL. Two GP-7's 915 & 981 went from pure SAL to SCL Black without being in split-image and GP-7 944 and RS-3 1156 were never painted black, and retained their SAL paint until retired in 1976. The last operating SCL locomotive in SAL paint was GP-40 1559, former SAL 644, and was repainted at Hamlet, NC in March 1976 according to records. There were former P&N locomotives that retained their P&N scheme from 1969 until 1977, only RS-3's 1250 & 1256 and S-4 230 ever were repainted SCL black.

Gainesville Midland SD-40, retained its SAL paint until 1986 when it was repainted Seaboard System 8300, it had been SBD 0010 and 8300 in SAL style "split-image" for several years prior to that.

SCL supplemented its local freight units with orders of [[GE U18B]] and [[EMD GP38-2]] locomotives. Some U18B models contained a shorter, and therefore lighter, fuel tank which proved ideal for light density lines. Most units of this type were assigned to the Carolinas.<ref name=SCL1 /> However, in 1978 the SCL decided not to purchase any more locomotives for local service on secondary mainlines and branchlines, instead aging GP7, GP9, and GP18 locomotives would be rebuilt into [[EMD GP16|GP16]] models at the Uceta shops.

In the years leading up to the creation of the [[Seaboard System Railroad|Seaboard System]] in 1983, SCL began acquiring the next generation of locomotives from EMD and GE. These orders included [[GE B23-7]] locomotives in 1978 and 1980, including the [[GE BQ23-7]] variant, of which only 10 were built and all belonged to SCL.<ref name=SCL1 /><ref name=SCL2 /> [[EMD GP38-2]] units were added in 1979 and 1980, and 5 [[EMD GP40-2]] locomotives also delivered in 1980. Six axle [[GE C30-7]] and [[EMD SD40-2]] units were added to the roster between 1979 and 1980.[[Image:Former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad class M-6 caboose on display at the Mulberry Phosphate Museum.jpg|thumb|Former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad class M-6 caboose on display at the Mulberry Phosphate Museum in [[Mulberry, Florida]]]]


==Heritage unit==

On May 21, 2024, CSX unvailed [[GE Evolution Series|GE ES44AH]] No. 1967 (ex-CSXT 3062), being repainted at the CSX paint shops in [[Waycross, GA|Waycross]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|GA]] The unit is designed with the cab staying in YN3C and the long hood being painted in the SCL black and yellow. It was numbered #1967 in homage to the year the Seaboard Coastline was created.

==See also==
{{Portal|Railways}}
* [[Amtrak]]
* [[Auto Train]]
* [[GP16]]
* [[Juice Train]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://aclsal.org/ Atlantic Coast Line & Seaboard Air Line Railroads Historical Society]

{{SCL named trains}}
{{Former Class I}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seaboard Coast Line Railroad}}
[[Category:Seaboard Coast Line Railroad| ]]
[[Category:Seaboard System Railroad]]
[[Category:Predecessors of CSX Transportation]]
[[Category:Defunct Florida railroads]]
[[Category:Defunct Georgia (U.S. state) railroads]]
[[Category:Defunct North Carolina railroads]]
[[Category:Defunct South Carolina railroads]]
[[Category:Defunct Virginia railroads]]
[[Category:Former Class I railroads in the United States]]
[[Category:Companies based in Jacksonville, Florida]]
[[Category:Companies based in Richmond, Virginia]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 1967]]
[[Category:Railway companies disestablished in 1983]]
[[Category:Defunct Alabama railroads]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in the United States]]