Editing Sector model

{{Short description|Model of urban land use proposed in 1939}}
[[Image:Hoyt_model.svg|right|thumb|400px|A basic version of the Sector model]]

The '''sector model''', also known as the '''Hoyt model''', is a model of urban [[land use]] proposed in 1939 by land economist [[Homer Hoyt]].<ref name="Hoyt">Hoyt, H. (1939) ''The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities'' Washington, Federal Housing Administration</ref> It is a modification of the [[concentric zone model]] of [[city]] development. The benefits of the application of this model include the fact it allows for an outward progression of growth. As with all simple models of such complex phenomena, its validity is limited.<ref name="Smith">Smith, P.J. (1962) "Calgary: A study in urban pattern", ''Economic Geography'', 38(4), pp.315-329</ref>

==Application ==
This model applies to numerous British cities. Also, if it is turned 90 degrees counter-clockwise it fits the city of [[Mönchengladbach]] reasonably accurately. This may be because of the age of the cities when transportation was a key, as a general rule older cities follow the Hoyt model and more recent cities follow the Burgess (concentric zone) model.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

==Limitations ==
The theory is based on early twentieth-century rail transport and does not make allowances for private cars that enable [[commuting]] from cheaper land outside city boundaries.<ref name="Rodwin">Rodwin, L. (1950) "The Theory of Residential Growth and Structure", ''Appraisal Journal'', 18, pp.295-317</ref>  This occurred in [[Calgary]] in the 1930s when many near-[[slums]] were established outside the city but close to the termini of the [[tram|street car]] lines.  These are now incorporated into the city boundary but are pockets of low-cost housing in medium cost areas.<ref name="Smith"/> The theory also does not take into account the new concepts of edge cities and boomburbs, which began to emerge in the 1980s, after the creation of the model. Since its creation, the traditional Central Business District has diminished in importance as many retail and office buildings have moved into the suburbs.
*Physical features - physical features may restrict or direct growth along certain wedges
*The growth of a sector can be limited by [[exurb|leapfrog]] land.
*The theory too lacks the idea based on land topography.

==See also==
*[[Urban structure]]
*[[Concentric zone model]]
*[[Multiple nuclei model]]
*[[Linear settlement|Linear city]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/landusemodels.html Internet Geography]
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zckdg82/revision/1 BBC GCSE Bitesize Revision]

{{Cities}}

[[Category:Urban planning]]
[[Category:Demography]]
[[Category:Geography terminology]]
[[Category:City layout models]]