Editing Seminal vesicles

{{Short description|Pair of simple tubular glands}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name        = Seminal vesicle
| Latin       = vesiculae seminales, glandulae vesiculosae
| Greek       =
| Image       = Male anatomy 1.png
| Caption     = Cross-section of the lower [[abdomen]] in a male, showing parts of the [[urinary tract]] and [[male reproductive system]], with the seminal vesicles seen top right
| Width       = 300
| Image2      = Gray1160.png
| Caption2    = The seminal vesicles seen near the [[prostate]], viewed from in front and above.
| Precursor   = [[Mesonephric duct]]s
| System      = [[Male reproductive system]]
| Artery      = [[Inferior vesical artery]], [[middle rectal artery]]
| Vein        =
| Nerve       =
| Lymph       = [[External iliac lymph nodes]], [[internal iliac lymph nodes]]
}}

The '''seminal vesicles''' (also called '''vesicular glands'''<ref Name="Wilke">{{cite book|title= Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals|author1=Rowen D. Frandson |author2=W. Lee Wilke |author3=Anna Dee Fails |year= 2009|publisher= John Wiley and Sons|isbn= 978-0-8138-1394-3|edition= 7th|chapter= Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System|page= 409|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=I9ZZkwnFLN0C&pg=PT409}}</ref> or '''seminal glands''') are a pair of convoluted tubular [[Male accessory gland|accessory glands]] that lie behind the [[urinary bladder]] of [[Sexual reproduction#Male|male mammals]]. They secrete fluid that largely composes the [[semen]].

The vesicles are 5–10&nbsp;cm in size, 3–5&nbsp;cm in diameter, and are located between the [[urinary bladder|bladder]] and the [[rectum]]. They have multiple outpouchings, which contain secretory glands, which join together with the [[vas deferens|vasa deferentia]] at the [[ejaculatory duct]]s. They receive blood from the [[vesiculodeferential artery]], and drain into the vesiculodeferential veins. The glands are lined with [[columnar epithelium|column-shaped]] and [[cuboidal epithelium|cuboidal]] cells. The vesicles are present in many groups of mammals, but not marsupials, monotremes or carnivores.

Inflammation of the seminal vesicles is called seminal vesiculitis and most often is due to bacterial infection as a result of a [[sexually transmitted infection]] or following a surgical procedure. Seminal vesiculitis can cause pain in the lower abdomen, scrotum, penis or [[peritoneum]], painful [[ejaculation]], and [[haematospermia|blood in the semen]]. It is usually treated with antibiotics, although may require surgical drainage in complicated cases. Other conditions may affect the vesicles, including congenital abnormalities such as failure or incomplete formation, and, uncommonly, tumours.

The seminal vesicles have been described as early as the second century AD by [[Galen]], although the vesicles only received their name much later, as they were initially described using the term from which the word [[prostate]] is derived.

==Structure==
The human seminal vesicles are a pair of glands in males that are positioned below the [[urinary bladder]] and at the end of the [[vasa deferentia]], where they enter the [[prostate]]. Each vesicle is a coiled and folded tube, with occasional outpouchings termed diverticula in its wall.<ref name=HistologyText>{{cite book|title=Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology |edition=6th |year=2010 |author1=Michael H. Ross |author2=Wojciech Pawlina |chapter-url=https://www.inkling.com/read/histology-michael-ross-and-wojciech-pawlina-6th/chapter-22/plate-91-seminal-vesicle |chapter=Male Reproductive System |page=828 |publisher=Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health |isbn=978-0781772006}}</ref> The lower part of the tube ends as a straight tube called the ''excretory duct'', which joins with the vas deferens of that side of the body to form an [[ejaculatory duct]]. The ejaculatory ducts pass through the prostate gland before opening separately into the [[Seminal colliculus|verumontanum]] of the prostatic [[urethra]].<ref name="HistologyText" /> The vesicles are between 5–10&nbsp;cm in size, 3–5&nbsp;cm in diameter, and have a volume of around 13 mL.<ref name="Grays2016">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/920806541|title=Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice|year=2016|isbn=9780702052309|editor=Standring, Susan|edition=41st|location=Philadelphia|pages=1279–1280|section=Seminal vesicles|oclc=920806541}}</ref>

<!-- Blood, nerve and lymphatic supply -->The vesicles receive blood supply from the vesiculodeferential artery, and also from the [[inferior vesical artery]]. The [[vesiculodeferential artery]] arises from the [[umbilical arteries]], which branch directly from the [[internal iliac arteries]].<ref name="Grays2016" /> Blood is drained into the [[vesiculodeferential vein]]s and the inferior vesical plexus, which drain into the [[internal iliac vein]]s.<ref name="Grays2016" /> [[Lymphatic Drainage|Lymphatic drainage]] occurs along the venous routes, draining into the [[Internal iliac lymph nodes|internal iliac nodes]].<ref name="Grays2016" />

<!-- Surrounding structures -->The vesicles lie behind the bladder at the end of the vasa deferentia. They lie in the space between the bladder and the [[rectum]]; the bladder and prostate lie in front, the tip of the [[ureter]] as it enters the bladder above, and [[Rectoprostatic fascia|Denonvilliers' fascia]] and the rectum behind.<ref name="Grays2016" />

===Development===
{{Further|Development of the urinary system}}
In the developing [[embryo]], at the hind end lies a [[Cloaca (embryology)|cloaca]]. This, over the fourth to the seventh week, divides into a [[urogenital sinus]] and the beginnings of the [[anal canal]], with a wall forming between these two inpouchings called the [[urorectal septum]].<ref name=Langman2019>{{cite book |last1=Sadley |first1=TW |title=Langman's medical embryology |date=2019|location=Philadelphia|publisher=Wolters Kluwer |isbn=9781496383907 |edition=14th|section=Genital ducts|pages=271–5}}</ref> Two ducts form next to each other that connect to the urogenital sinus; the [[mesonephric duct]] and the [[paramesonephric duct]], which go on to form the [[reproductive tract]]s of the male and female respectively.<ref name=Langman2019 />

In the male, under the influence of [[testosterone]], the mesonephric ducts proliferate, forming the [[epididymis]], [[ductus deferens]] and, via a small outpouching near the developing prostate, the seminal vesicles.<ref name=Langman2019 /> [[Sertoli cell]]s secrete [[anti-Müllerian hormone]], which causes the paramesonephric ducts to regress.<ref name=Langman2019 />

The development and maintenance of the seminal vesicles, as well as their secretion and size/weight, are highly dependent on [[androgen]]s.<ref name="FeyHeni2012">{{cite book|author1=B. Fey|author2=F. Heni|author3=A. Kuntz|author4=D. F. McDonald|author5=L. Quenu|author6=L. G. jr. Wesson|author7= C. Wilson|title=Physiologie und Pathologische Physiologie / Physiology and Pathological Physiology / Physiologie Normale et Pathologique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8DyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA611|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-46018-0|pages=611–}}</ref><ref name="pmid11753468">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gonzales GF | title = Function of seminal vesicles and their role on male fertility | journal = Asian J. Androl. | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 251–8 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11753468 }}</ref> The seminal vesicles contain [[5α-reductase]], which metabolizes testosterone into its much more potent [[metabolite]], [[dihydrotestosterone]] (DHT).<ref name="pmid11753468" /> The seminal vesicles have also been found to contain [[luteinizing hormone receptor]]s, and hence may also be regulated by the ligand of this receptor, [[luteinizing hormone]].<ref name="pmid11753468" />

===Microanatomy===
[[File:Histology of seminal vesicle glands on H&E stain.jpg|thumb|Histology of seminal vesicle glands on H&E stain. They may mimic prostatic adenocarcinoma by crowded glands with enlarged hyperchromatic and irregular nuclei, but will have inconspicuous nucleoli and coarse refractile golden brown lipofuscin granules.<ref>Image by Mikael Häggström, MD. Reference for findings: {{cite web|url=https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/prostateseminalves.html|title=Anatomy & histology-seminal vesicles / ejaculatory duct|website=Pathology Outlines|author=Faryal Shoaib, M.D., Chinedum Okafor, M.D., Y. Albert Yeh, M.D., Ph.D.}} Last staff update: 20 November 2023</ref>]]
The inner lining of the seminal vesicles (the [[epithelium]]) is made of a lining of [[stratified columnar epithelia|interspersed column-shaped]] and [[cuboidal epithelium|cube-shaped]] cells.<ref name=Wheaters2013 /> There are varying descriptions of the lining as being [[Pseudostratified columnar epithelium|pseudostratified]] and consisting of column-shaped cells only.<ref name=Smiths2019>{{cite book |last1=Arthur D. Smith (Editor), Glenn Preminger (Editor), Gopal H. Badlani (Editor), Louis R. Kavoussi (Editor)|title=Smith's textbook of endourology|year=2019 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons Ltd |isbn=9781119245193 |edition=4th|chapter=112. Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery of the Seminal Vessels|pages=1292–1298}}</ref> When [[Histology|viewed under a microscope]], the cells are seen to have large bubbles in their interior. This is because their interior, called [[cytoplasm]], contains lipid droplets involved in secretion during ejaculation.<ref name=Wheaters2013>{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Barbara |last2=O'Dowd |first2=Geraldine |last3=Woodford |first3=Phillip |title=Wheater's functional histology: a text and colour atlas.|publisher=Elsevier |location=Philadelphia |date=2013|isbn=9780702047473 |edition=6th|chapter=Male reproductive system|page=346}}</ref> The tissue of the seminal vesicles is full of glands, spaced irregularly.<ref name=Wheaters2013 /> As well as glands, the seminal vesicles contain [[smooth muscle]] and [[connective tissue]].<ref name=Wheaters2013 /> This fibrous and muscular tissue surrounds the glands, helping to expel their contents.<ref name="Grays2016" /> The outer surface of the glands is covered in [[peritoneum]].<ref name="Grays2016" />

<gallery>
Image:Seminal vesicle low mag.jpg|Low magnification [[micrograph]] of seminal vesicle. H&E stain.
Image:Seminal vesicle high mag.jpg|High magnification micrograph of seminal vesicle. H&E stain.
</gallery>

==Function==
The seminal vesicles secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes [[semen]].<ref name=GH2016>{{cite book |last1=Hall |first1=John E |title=Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology |date=2016 |publisher=Elsevier |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-1-4557-7016-8 |edition=13th|section=Function of the seminal vesicles|page=1024}}</ref> Fluid is secreted from the ejaculatory ducts of the vesicles into the vas deferens and [[ejaculated]] through the urethra during the male [[Human sexual response cycle|sexual response]].<ref name="Smiths2019" />

About 70-85% of the seminal fluid in humans originates from the seminal vesicles.<ref name=kierszenbaum558>{{cite book |last1=Kierszenbaum |first1=Abraham L. |last2=Tres |first2=Laura |title=Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology |edition=3rd |year=2011 |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis [u.a.] |chapter=Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFvZGAX8ItYC&pg=PT1483 |page=624 |isbn=978-0323078429}}</ref> The fluid consists of nutrients including [[fructose]] and [[citric acid]], [[prostaglandin]]s, and [[fibrinogen]].<ref name=GH2016 /> Fructose is not produced anywhere else in the body except in the seminal vesicles. It provides a forensic test in rape cases. 

Nutrients help support [[sperm]] until fertilisation occurs; prostaglandins may also assist by softening mucus of the [[cervix]], and by causing reverse contractions of parts of the [[female reproductive tract]] such as the [[fallopian tube]]s, to ensure that sperm are less likely to be expelled.<ref name="GH2016" />

==Clinical significance==

=== Disease ===
Diseases of the seminal vesicles as opposed to that of prostate gland are extremely rare and are infrequently reported in the medical literature.<ref>Dagur G, Warren K, Suh Y, Singh N, Khan SA. Detecting diseases of neglected seminal vesicles using imaging modalities: A review of current literature. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2016;14(5):293-302.</ref>

<!-- Structural and anatomical problems -->[[Congenital anomalies]] associated with the seminal vesicles include failure to develop, either completely ([[agenesis]]) or partially ([[hypoplasia]]), and [[cyst]]s.<ref name="smiths" /><ref name="causes" /> Failure of the vesicles to form is often associated with absent vas deferens, or an abnormal connection between the vas deferens and the ureter.<ref name="Grays2016" /> The seminal vesicles may also be affected by [[cyst]]s, [[amyloidosis]], and [[Calculus (medicine)|stones]].<ref name="smiths" /><ref name="causes" /> Stones or cysts that become infected, or obstruct the vas deferens or seminal vesicles, may require surgical intervention.<ref name="Smiths2019" />

<!-- Vesiculitis -->Seminal vesiculitis (also known as spermatocystitis) is an inflammation of the seminal vesicles, most often caused by bacterial infection.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is seminal vesiculitis a discrete disease entity? Clinical and microbiological study of seminal vesiculitis in patients with acute epididymitis. |date=4 July 2023 |url=https://vitaliboost.com/journal/is-seminal-vesiculitis-a-discrete-disease-entity-clinical-and-microbiological-study-of-seminal-vesiculitis-in-patients-with-acute-epididymitis/ }}</ref> Symptoms can include vague back or lower abdominal pain; pain of the penis, scrotum or peritoneum; painful ejaculation; [[Haematospermia|blood in the semen]] on ejaculation; irritative and obstructive voiding symptoms; and impotence.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zeitlin|first1=S. I.|title=Textbook of Prostatitis|last2=Bennett|first2=C. J.|date=1 November 1999|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781901865042|editor-last=Curtis Nickel|editor-first=J.|pages=219–225|chapter=Chapter 25: Seminal vesiculitis|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiZz_xDk7rkC&pg=PA219}}</ref> Infection may be due to [[sexually transmitted infection]]s, as a complication of a procedure such as prostate biopsy.<ref name="Smiths2019" /> It is usually treated with [[antibiotic]]s. If a person experiences ongoing discomfort, transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy may be considered.<ref name="pmid21696400">{{cite journal |author=La Vignera S |date=October 2011 |title=Male accessory gland infection and sperm parameters |journal=International Journal of Andrology |volume=34 |pages=e330–47 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01200.x |pmid=21696400 |issue=5pt2|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="pmid24391141">{{cite journal |author1=Bianjiang Liu |author2=Jie Li |author3=Pengchao Li |author4=Jiexiu Zhang |author5=Ninghong Song |author6=Zengjun Wang |author7=Changjun Yin |title=Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of intractable seminal vesiculitis |date=February 2014 |journal=The Journal of International Medical Research |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=236–42 |doi=10.1177/0300060513509472 |pmid=24391141|doi-access=free }}</ref> Intervention in the form of drainage through the skin or surgery may also be required if the infection becomes an [[abscess]].<ref name="Smiths2019" /> The seminal vesicles may also be affected by [[tuberculosis]], [[schistosomiasis]] and [[hydatid cyst|hydatid disease]].<ref name="smiths">{{cite book|last=El-Hakim|first=Assaad|title=Smith's Textbook of Endourology|date=13 November 2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-1550093650|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=Arthur D.|edition=2nd|pages=759–766|chapter=Diagnosis and Treatment of Disorders of the Ejaculatory Ducts and Seminal Vesicles|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wo8cgdAsL-EC&pg=PA762}}</ref><ref name="causes">{{cite web|title=Seminal vesicle diseases|url=http://www.gfmer.ch/selected_images_v2/level2_disease.php?cat1=14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426215602/http://www.gfmer.ch/selected_images_v2/level2_disease.php?cat1=14|archive-date=2014-04-26|publisher=Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research}}</ref> These diseases are investigated, diagnosed and treated according to the underlying disease.<ref name="Smiths2019" />

<!-- Cancer -->Benign tumours of the seminal vesicles are rare.<ref name="Smiths2019" /> When they do occur, they are usually papillary adenomata and cystadenomata. They do not cause elevation of [[Tumor marker|tumour markers]] and are usually diagnosed based on examination of tissue that has been removed after surgery.<ref name="Smiths2019" /> Primary [[adenocarcinoma]], although rare, constitutes the most common malignant tumour of the seminal vesicles;<ref name=":0" /> that said, malignant involvement of the vesicles is typically the result of local invasion from an extra-vesicular lesion.<ref name="Smiths2019" /> When adenocarcinoma occurs, it can cause blood in the urine, blood in the semen, painful urination, urinary retention, or even urinary obstruction.<ref name="Smiths2019" /> Adenocarcinomata are usually diagnosed after they are excised, based on tissue diagnosis.<ref name="Smiths2019" /> Some produce the tumour marker [[CA-125|Ca-125]], which can be used to monitor for reoccurence afterwards.<ref name="Smiths2019" /> Even rarer neoplasms include [[sarcoma]], [[squamous cell carcinoma]], [[Endodermal sinus tumor|yolk sac tumour]], neuroendocrine carcinoma, [[paraganglioma]], epithelial stromal tumours and [[lymphoma]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Katafigiotis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Sfoungaristos|first2=Stavros|last3=Duvdevani|first3=Mordechai|last4=Mitsos|first4=Panagiotis|last5=Roumelioti|first5=Eleni|last6=Stravodimos|first6=Konstantinos|last7=Anastasiou|first7=Ioannis|last8=Constantinides|first8=Constantinos A.|date=31 March 2016|title=Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles. A review of the literature|url=http://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/aiua/article/download/aiua.2016.1.47/5055|format=PDF|journal=Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia|volume=88|issue=1|pages=47–51|doi=10.4081/aiua.2016.1.47|issn=1124-3562|pmid=27072175|doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== Investigations ===
Symptoms due to diseases of the seminal vesicles may be vague and not able to be specifically attributable to the vesicles themselves; additionally, some conditions such as tumours or cysts may not cause any symptoms at all.<ref name="Smiths2019" /> When diseases is suspected, such as due to pain on ejaculation, [[Hematuria|blood in the urine]], [[infertility]], due to urinary tract obstruction, further investigations may be conducted.<ref name="Smiths2019" />

A [[Digital Rectal Examination|digital rectal examination]], which involves a finger inserted by a medical practitioner through the anus, may cause greater than usual tenderness of the prostate gland, or may reveal a large seminal vesicle.<ref name="Smiths2019" /> Palpation is dependent on the length of index finger as seminal vesicles are located above the prostate gland and retrovesical (behind the bladder).

A urine specimen may be collected, and is likely to demonstrate blood within the urine.<ref name="Smiths2019" /> Laboratory examination of seminal vesicle fluid requires a semen sample, e.g. for semen [[Microbiological culture|culture]] or [[semen analysis]]. [[Semen analysis#Fructose level|Fructose levels]] provide a measure of seminal vesicle function and, if absent, [[wikt:bilateral|bilateral]] [[agenesis]] or obstruction is suspected.<ref name="smiths" />

Imaging of the vesicles is provided by [[medical imaging]]; either by [[transrectal ultrasound]], [[Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis|CT]] or [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] scans.<ref name="Smiths2019" /> An examination using [[cystoscopy]], where a flexible tube is inserted in the urethra, may show disease of the vesicles because of changes in the normal appearance of the nearby bladder trigone, or prostatic urethra.<ref name="Smiths2019" />

==Other animals==
The evolution of seminal vesicles may have been influenced by [[sexual selection]].<ref name=":1" /> They occur in birds and reptiles<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=Frank B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFfs1jsPfwgC&dq=%22seminal+vesicles%22+birds&pg=PA354 |title=Ornithology |date=1995 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-7167-2415-5 |language=en}}</ref> and many groups of mammals,<ref name="Kardong2019" /> but are absent in [[marsupial]]s,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tyndale-Biscoe |first1=C. Hugh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpjovN0vXW4C&pg=PA147 |title=Reproductive Physiology of Marsupials |last2=Renfree |first2=Marilyn |date=1987-01-30 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-33792-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Vogelnest |first1=Larry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8cDEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA141 |title=Medicine of Australian Mammals |last2=Woods |first2=Rupert |date=2008-08-18 |publisher=Csiro Publishing |isbn=978-0-643-09797-1 |language=en}}</ref> [[monotreme]]s, and [[Carnivora|carnivorans]].<ref name="Marx2009" /><ref name=":1">Dixson, Alan F. "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alan_Dixson/publication/13533816_Sexual_Selection_and_Evolution_of_the_Seminal_Vesicles_in_Primates/links/54e14b5f0cf2953c22ba95c2/Sexual-Selection-and-Evolution-of-the-Seminal-Vesicles-in-Primates.pdf Sexual selection and evolution of the seminal vesicles in primates]." Folia Primatologica 69.5 (1998): 300-306.</ref> The function is similar in all mammals they are present in, which is to secrete a fluid as part of semen that is ejaculated during the sexual response.<ref name=Kardong2019>{{cite book |last1=Kardong |first1=Kenneth |title=Vertebrates : comparative anatomy, function, evolution |date=2019 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=9781260092042 |edition=8th|section=Reproductive system|page=564}}</ref> 
==History==
The action of the seminal vesicles has been described as early the second century AD by [[Galen]], as "glandular bodies" that secrete substances alongside semen during reproduction.<ref name=Marx2009>{{cite journal |last1=Josef Marx |first1=Franz |last2=Karenberg |first2=Axel |title=History of the Term Prostate |journal=The Prostate |date=1 February 2009 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=208–213 |doi=10.1002/pros.20871 |pmid=18942121 |s2cid=44922919 |quote=The humor produced in those glandular bodies is poured into the urinary passage in the male along with semen and its uses are to excite to the sexual act, to make coitus pleasurable, and to moisten the urinary passageway.}}</ref> By the time of [[Herophilos|Herophilus]] the presence of the glands and associated ducts had been described.<ref name="Marx2009" /> Around the time of the early 17th century the word used to describe the vesicles, parastatai, eventually and unambiguously was used to refer to the prostate gland, rather than the vesicles.<ref name="Marx2009" /> The first time the prostate was portrayed in an individual drawing was by Reiner De Graaf in 1678.<ref name="Marx2009" />

The first described use of laparoscopic surgery on the vesicles was described in 1993; this is now the preferred approach because of decreased pain, complications, and a shorter hospital stay.<ref name="Smiths2019" />

==Additional images==
<gallery>
File:Pelvic MRI T1FSE T2frFSE T2FSfrFSE 11.jpg|Seminal vesicles seen on an MRI scan through the pelvis. The large cyan-coloured area is the bladder, and the lobulated smaller structures below it are the vesicles.
File:Seminal vesicles.jpg|Seminal vesicles seen in a [[cadaver]]ic specimen from on top, with the bladder to the bottom of the image, and the rectum at the top. Their position near the vas deferentia can be seen.
File:Gray1152.png|Fundus of the bladder with the vesiculae seminales.
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Male accessory gland infection]] (MAGI)
* [[Ejaculatory duct]]
* [[Urethra]]
* [[Prostate]]
* [[List of distinct cell types in the adult human body]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{BUHistology|17501loa}} - "Male Reproductive System:  prostate, seminal vesicle"
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|44|04|02|02}} - "The Male Pelvis: The Urinary Bladder"
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|44|08|01|03}} - "The Male Pelvis: Structures Located Posterior to the Urinary Bladder"

{{Male reproductive system}}
{{Human systems and organs}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seminal Vesicle}}
[[Category:Exocrine system]]
[[Category:Human male reproductive system]]
[[Category:Mammal male reproductive system]]
[[Category:Men's health]]
[[Category:Sex organs]]