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Sergiyev Posad
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{{Short description|City in Moscow Oblast, Russia}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}} {{Infobox Russian inhabited locality | en_name = Sergiyev Posad | ru_name = Сергиев Посад | loc_name1 = | loc_lang1 = | loc_name2 = | loc_lang2 = | loc_name3 = | loc_lang3 = | loc_name4 = | loc_lang4 = | other_name = | other_lang = | image_skyline = Lavra, aerial view 4 - Sergiyev Posad, Russia - panoramio.jpg | image_caption = Central part of the city with Trinity Lavra | image_map = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|56|18|54|N|38|08|12|E|display=inline,title}} | image_flag = Flag of Sergiev Posad (Moscow oblast).svg | flag_caption = | image_coa = Coat of Arms of Sergiev Posad (Moscow oblast).svg | coa_caption = | anthem = | anthem_ref = | holiday = | holiday_ref = <!-- administrative status --> | federal_subject = [[Moscow Oblast]] | federal_subject_ref = <ref name="MoscowO_admlist" /> | adm_district_jur = [[Sergiyevo-Posadsky District]] | adm_district_jur_ref = <ref name="MoscowO_admlist" /> | adm_inhabloc_jur = | adm_inhabloc_jur_ref = | adm_citydistrict_jur = | adm_citydistrict_type = | adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = | adm_selsoviet_jur = Sergiyev Posad | adm_selsoviet_type = [[Town of district significance|City]] | adm_selsoviet_jur_ref = <ref name="MoscowO_admlist" /> | capital_of = | capital_of_ref = | adm_ctr_of1 = Sergiyevo-Posadsky District | adm_ctr_of1_ref = <ref name="MoscowO_admlist" /> | adm_ctr_of2 = City of Sergiyev Posad | adm_ctr_of2_ref = <ref name="MoscowO_admlist" /> | adm_ctr_of3 = | adm_ctr_of3_ref = | inhabloc_cat = City | inhabloc_cat_ref = <ref name="MoscowO_admlist" /> | inhabloc_type = | inhabloc_type_ref = <!-- municipal status --> | mun_district_jur = Sergiyevo-Posadsky Municipal District | mun_district_jur_ref = <ref name="MoscowOSergiyevo-PosadskyD_mun" /> | urban_okrug_jur = | urban_okrug_jur_ref = | urban_settlement_jur = Sergiyev Posad Urban Settlement | urban_settlement_jur_ref = <ref name="MoscowOSergiyevo-PosadskyD_mun" /> | rural_settlement_jur = | rural_settlement_jur_ref = | inter_settlement_territory = | inter_settlement_territory_ref = | mun_admctr_of1 = Sergiyevo-Posadsky Municipal District | mun_admctr_of1_ref = <ref name="MoscowOSergiyevo-PosadskyD_mun" /> | mun_admctr_of2 = Sergiyev Posad Urban Settlement | mun_admctr_of2_ref = <ref name="MoscowOSergiyevo-PosadskyD_mun" /> | leader_title = | leader_title_ref = | leader_name = | leader_name_ref = | representative_body = [[Council of Deputies of Sergiyev Posad|Council of Deputies]] | representative_body_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sergiev-posad.net/documents/charter/ |title=Администрация городcкого поселения Сергиев Посад | Устав городского поселения Сергиев Посад Сергиево-Посадского муниципального района Московской области |access-date=June 11, 2015 |archive-date=February 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221192921/http://www.sergiev-posad.net/documents/charter/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- statistics --> | elevation_m = | area_km2 = 50.40 | area_km2_ref = <ref name="Goroda">[http://www.gks.ru/doc_2010/region/town.rar Росстат. Регионы России. Основные социально-экономические показатели городов. 2010 г.]</ref> | pop_2010census = 111179 | pop_2010census_rank = 142nd | pop_2010census_ref = <ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> | pop_latest = | pop_latest_date = | pop_latest_ref = | population_demonym = | time_zone_ref = <!-- history --> | established_date = 1347 | established_title = | established_date_ref = | current_cat_date = 1782 | current_cat_date_ref = | abolished_date = | abolished_date_ref = <!-- misc --> | postal_codes = 141300–141315, 141318 | postal_codes_ref = | dialing_codes = 496 | dialing_codes_ref = | website = http://www.sergiev-posad.net/ }} '''Sergiyev Posad''' ({{lang-rus|Сергиев Посад|p=ˈsʲɛrgʲɪ(j)ɪf pɐˈsat}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] that is the administrative center of [[Sergiyevo-Posadsky District]] in [[Moscow Oblast]], Russia. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=111,179|p2002=113,581|p1989=114,696}} The city contains the [[Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius]], where [[Moscow Theological Academy]] is also located. The city was previously known by its current name until 1919, later it was renamed as ''Sergiyev'' (until 1930) and ''Zagorsk'' (until 1991). ==History== {{stack|[[File:Троице-Сергиева лавра 2015.jpg|thumb|[[Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius]] in Sergiyev Posad]]}} Sergiyev Posad is the religious center of the [[Moscow Oblast|Moscow Region]] as its first monastery was founded in 1337.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sergiyev Posad |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sergiyev-Posad |website=Britannica}}</ref> The monastery began as a church built by Sergius of Radonezh, made out of wood, and by 1345 was recognized as a place of religious worship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sergiev Posad History |url=https://rusmania.com/central/moscow-region/sergiev-posad/history}}</ref> Town status was granted to Sergiyev Posad in 1742.{{citation needed|date=April 2010}} In the 16th and 17th centuries, the religious center continued expanding into new monastery buildings, living areas, and stone walls, which withheld a [[Siege of Troitsky monastery|Polish siege]] from 1608 to 1610.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Trinity Sergius Lavra |url=https://www.advantour.com/russia/sergiev-posad/history-of-trinity-sergius-lavra.htm}}</ref> In the 18th century, wooden monasteries were mostly destroyed and began reconstruction and settlement (roads, hotels, stable, and hospice).<ref>{{cite web |title=Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/657/}}</ref> Lavra was closed in 1919 after the [[Russian Revolution]], like all other places of worship in the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Attractions of Sergiev Posad |url=https://anotherrussia.com/moscow/attractions/sergiev-posad}}</ref> The town's name, alluding to St. Sergius, has strong religious connotations. Soviet authorities changed it first to just ''Sergiyev'' in 1919 and then to ''Zagorsk'' in 1930 in memory of the revolutionary [[Vladimir Zagorsky]].<ref> Compare: {{cite book | editor1-last = Ring | editor1-first = Trudy | editor2-last = Watson | editor2-first = Noelle | editor3-last = Schellinger | editor3-first = Paul | year = 1996 | chapter = Sergiev (Moscow, Russia) | title = Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uWjYAQAAQBAJ | publisher = Routledge | publication-date = 2013 | isbn = 9781136639517 | access-date = 2015-08-08 | quote = Lenin's successor Stalin intensified religious persecution in the Soviet Union overall, and the situation perhaps became threatening enough to warrant the town to change its name in 1930 to Zagorsk, derived from the name of the Bolshevik revolutionary Vladimir Zagorsky, who was assassinated by rival socialists in 1919.}}</ref> Sergiyev Posad was invaded by Germany in 1941{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} but reopened later that year during the [[Second World War]], and continued to serve as a religious and historical center of Russia.{{cn|date=February 2023}} The original name was restored in 1991.{{citation needed|date=April 2010}} ==Administrative and municipal status== Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Sergiyev Posad serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Sergiyevo-Posadsky District]].<ref name="MoscowO_admlist">Resolution #123-PG</ref> As an administrative division, it is, together with twenty-six [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]], incorporated within Sergiyevo-Posadsky District as the '''[[Town of district significance|City]] of Sergiyev Posad'''.<ref name="MoscowO_admlist" /> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the City of Sergiyev Posad is incorporated within Sergiyevo-Posadsky Municipal District as '''Sergiyev Posad Urban Settlement'''.<ref name="MoscowOSergiyevo-PosadskyD_mun">Law #60/2005-OZ</ref> ==Culture== The culture of Sergiyev Posad focuses on its religious and toymaking history, as well as classical music and art.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sergiev Posad: An Introduction |url=https://realrussia.co.uk/blog/sergiev-posad-an-introduction}}</ref> The Sergiyev Posad State History and Art [[Museum-Preserve]] contain the Lavra complex of monasteries, and the [[Konny Dvor]] museum, which consists of art and excavated artifacts.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Sergiev Posad State History and Art Museum-Preserve |url=http://www.russianmuseums.info/M484}}</ref> In addition to the Lavra monasteries, the [[Chernigovsky Skete]] was built as a men's monastery in the 19th century, providing space for over 400 monks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chernihovsky Skit |url=https://skit-chernigovsky.ru/ru/}}</ref> Today, the Skete is quiet and peaceful, with only 10 monks coming to complete its everyday functions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chernihovsky Skete |url=https://en.advisor.travel/poi/Chernigovsky-skete-16736}}</ref> [[Image: The belfry at the Chernigovsky Skete in Sergiev Posad..JPG|thumb|Chernigovsky Skete belfry]] The Russian wooden toys, matryoshkas, were invented there by an artist [[Sergey Malyutin]], and are now displayed in the Toy Museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Around the City: Toy Museum |url=https://rusmania.com/central/moscow-region/sergiev-posad/sights/around-the-city/toy-museum}}</ref> There are over 800 exhibits from the 11-21st century, including artifacts from other countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Museum Information |url=http://museumot.info/information/}}</ref> Because of the town’s deep-rooted focus on art and music, it has many schools for children, who are enrolled between the ages of 6–8 years old.<ref>{{cite web |title=Public schools churning out future musicians and artists |url=https://www.rbth.com/society/2014/06/03/public_schools_churning_out_future_musicians_and_artists_35693}}</ref> In addition, it is home to many such as which has been mentioned in [[War and Peace]], Yuri Gagarin Palace of Culture which is a Russian Heritage Building. ==Economy and transportation== Tourism associated with the [[Golden Ring of Russia|Golden Ring]] plays a role in the regional economy. There is an important toy factory and [[Zagorsk Optical-Mechanical Plant]]. The [[Moscow]]–[[Yaroslavl]] railway and highway pass through the town. Sergiyev Posad Bus Terminal is located in the city. <gallery mode="packed"> Аристарх Васильевич Лентулов. Улица в Сергиевом Посаде.jpg|''Street in Sergiyev Posad'' by [[Aristarkh Lentulov]] Келарский_пруд_-_panoramio.jpg|Kelarsky pond TSLavraHotel 0959.JPG|Lavra Hotel DK_Gagarina.png|Yuri Gagarin Palace of Culture </gallery> == Notable people == *[[Andrei Rublev]], artist, Church iconography, lived in the 14-15th centuries, author of [[Trinity (Andrei Rublev)|''Saint Trinity'']]'s icon *[[Zhanna Bichevskaya]], Soviet/Russian singer and folk musician *[[Daniel Chorny|Daniel Chorniy]], artist, Church iconography, lived in the 14-15th centuries *[[Pavel Florensky]], Russian Orthodox theologian and researcher *[[Vikentii Trofimov]], painter *[[Vladimir Favorsky]], graphic artist, [[woodcut]] illustrator, painter<ref name="GSE">''[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]'' (3rd ed., 1977), vol. 27, p. 178</ref> *[[Aristarkh Lentulov]], avant-garde artist *[[Boris Kustodiev]], painter *[[Mikhail Nesterov]], painter *[[German Sterligov]], businessman *[[Ivan Demidov (ice hockey)|Ivan Demidov]] (born 2005), ice hockey player, picked 5th overall in the [[2024 NHL entry draft|2024 NHL draft]] by the [[Montreal Canadiens]] ==Twin towns – sister cities== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}} Sergiyev Posad is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Побратимы Сергиева Посада|url=http://www.sergiev.ru/wiki/pobratimy-sergieva-posada|website=sergiev.ru|publisher=Sergiev.ru|language=ru|access-date=2020-02-04}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=20em}} *{{flagicon|GRC}} [[Cephalonia]], Greece *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Fulda]], Germany *{{flagicon|GEO}} [[New Athos]], Georgia *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Rueil-Malmaison]], France *{{flagicon|LVA}} [[Saldus]], Latvia *{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Slonim]], Belarus *{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Vagharshapat]], Armenia <!--rest - not twinning--> {{div col end}} Former twin towns: *{{flagicon|POL}} [[Gniezno]], Poland In March 2022, the Polish city of Gniezno severed its ties with Sergiyev Posad as a response to the 2022 [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.radioplus.pl/gniezno/gniezno-zrywa-umowe-partnerska-z-rosyjskim-miastem-siergijew-posad-aa-E8UF-gtyn-sP1Z.html |language=pl |title=Gniezno zrywa umowę partnerską z rosyjskim miastem Siergijev Posad |access-date =13 March 2022}}</ref> ==References== '''Notes''' {{Reflist}} '''Sources''' *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mos|adm|list}} *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mos|mun|list|sergiyevo-posadsky}} ==Further reading== * {{cite book|editor=Trudy Ring |title=International Dictionary of Historic Places: Northern Europe |year= 1995|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |isbn=978-1-136-63944-9 |chapter=Sergiev |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yfPYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA677 }} ==External links== {{Commons category|Sergiyev Posad}} *[http://www.sergiev-posad.net/ Official website of Sergiyev Posad] {{in lang|ru}} *[http://www.sergievposad.ru Unofficial website of Sergiyev Posad] {{in lang|ru}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061206080002/http://www.musobl.divo.ru/ Official website of the Sergiyev Posad State History and Art Museum-Reserve] {{in lang|ru}} *[http://www.stsl.ru/languages/en/index.php Official website of the Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra] *[http://sergievposad.blogspot.com/ Sergiyev Posad travelog] {{Moscow Oblast}} {{Golden Ring}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Golden Ring of Russia]] [[Category:Cities and towns in Moscow Oblast]]
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