Editing Shklow

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Short description|Town in Mogilev Region, Belarus}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name      = Shklow
|native_name        = {{native name|be|Шклоў}}<br />{{native name|ru|Шклов}}
|settlement_type    = [[List of cities and largest towns in Belarus|Town]]
|image_skyline      = Shklovrat.jpg
|image_caption      = 
|image_flag         = Shklovskiy rayon.png
|image_shield       = Coat_of_Arms_of_Škloŭ,_Belarus.png
|flag_size          = 150
|shield_size        = 75
|image_map          =
|map_caption        = Location of Shklow, shown within [[Mogilev Region]]
|pushpin_map        = Belarus
|subdivision_type   = Country
|subdivision_name   = [[Belarus]]
|subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Belarus|Region]]
|subdivision_name1  = [[Mogilev Region]]
|subdivision_type2  = [[Districts of Belarus|District]]
|subdivision_name2  = [[Shklow District]]
|leader_title       = 
|leader_name        = 
|population_as_of   = 2024
|population_footnotes = <ref name="pop">{{cite web|url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_89355/|title=Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402055418/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_89355/|archive-date=2 April 2024|website=belsat.gov.by|access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>
|population_note    = 
|population_total   = 14,870
|timezone           = [[Moscow Time|MSK]]
|utc_offset         = +3
|coordinates        = {{Coord|54|13|25|N|30|17|11|E|source:plwiki_region:BY_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code        = 
|area_code          = 
|blank_name         = License plate 
|blank_info         = 6
}}

'''Shklow'''<!--See WP:BELARUSIANNAMES--> ({{langx|be|Шклоў|Škloŭ}},{{efn|[[Instruction on transliteration of Belarusian geographical names with letters of Latin script|Official transliteration]].}} {{IPA|be|ʂkɫɔu̯|IPA}}; {{langx|ru|Шклов|Shklov}}; {{langx|yi|שקלאָוו|Shklov}}; {{langx|lt|Šklovas}}; {{langx|pl|Szkłów}}) is a town in [[Mogilev Region]], [[Belarus]], located {{convert|35|km}} north of [[Mogilev]] on the [[Dnieper|Dnieper River]]. It serves as the administrative center of [[Shklow District]]. It has a [[Train station|railway station]] on the line between [[Orsha]] and [[Mogilev]]. In 2009, its population was 16,439.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://belstat.gov.by/homep/ru/perepic/2009/vihod_tables/1.2-7.pdf|script-title=ru:Численность населения областей и районов: Могилевская|publisher=Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь|language=ru|access-date=January 30, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918181854/http://belstat.gov.by/homep/ru/perepic/2009/vihod_tables/1.2-7.pdf|archive-date=September 18, 2010}}</ref> As of 2024, it has a population of 14,870.<ref name="pop"/>

==History==
[[File:Sklou drawing second half XVIIIc.jpg|thumb|right|300px|An 18th-century drawing of Shklow ({{langx|pl|Szkłów|link=no}})]]
* 1535: First records about the town.{{cn|date=January 2025}}
*1581:  {{ill|Battle of Shklow (1581)|ru|Битва под Шкловом (1581)}}
* 1654: [[Battle of Shklow (1654)]]
* April 10, 1762: Coat of arms.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

===Jewish history===
Shklov was an important [[Jewish]] religious center. There was a [[yeshiva]] there in the 18th century. Shklov became the center of the [[Haskalah]] movement.<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia">{{cite web|title=SHKLOV|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13596-shklov|website=Jewish Encyclopedia|access-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> At the end of the 19th century, there were 5542 Jews in the town. During the Soviet times a  dozen families worked in the Jewish [[kolkhoz]] ''Iskra''. In 1939, only 2132 Jews remained in Shklov. 

The [[Nazi Germany|Germans]] occupied the town on July 12, 1941.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://shtetle.co.il/shtetls_mog/shklov/shklov_eng.html |title=My shtetl\Shklov |access-date=February 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224081754/http://shtetle.co.il/shtetls_mog/shklov/shklov_eng.html |archive-date=February 24, 2016 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The first [[The Holocaust in Byelorussia|execution of Jews]] took place just a few days into the occupation. The Germans shot 25 Jewish men in Lenin Park. At the end of July 1941, two [[ghetto]]s were established in the neighboring village of {{ill|Ryzhkovichi|ru|Рыжковичи}} (now incorporated in Shklow). In August 1941, the [[Einsatzgruppen]] arrived in the town and gathered 84 Jews under the pretext of sending them to forced labor. In fact, they were taken to the village of Semyonovka and shot. In September 1941, the Jews were taken to a ravine in Khoduly, between the villages of Putniki and Zarechye. They had to undress and lie in the ditch before being shot. According to Soviet sources, 3,200 Jews were killed in Shklow and in the areas around.<ref name="Execution Site of Jewish Victims">{{cite web|title=Execution of Jews in Shklov|url=http://yahadmap.org/#village/shklov-sklou-shklow-mogilev-belarus.665|website=Execution Site of Jewish Victims|access-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref>

==Transport==
* 1 railway station
* 3 bus routes

==Notable people==
The Jewish family name [[Shklovsky (disambiguation)|Shklovsky]] or Shklover indicates that the person or their ancestors come from Shkloŭ.
* [[Semyon Zorich]], Serbian-born Russian General who founded an estate in Shkloŭ (Shklov).
* [[Yitzhak Salkinsohn]], born in Shklov
* [[Joshua Zeitlin]], rabbinical scholar and philanthropist, born here
* [[Yehoshua Leib Diskin]], rabbi in Shklov
* [[Joseph Rosen|Rogatchover Gaon]], studied in Shklov under [[Yehoshua Leib Diskin|Yehoshua Leib]]
* [[Pavel Axelrod]] (1850–1928), Russian [[Menshevik]] revolutionary
* [[Zalman Shneur]] (1887–1959), Hebrew and Yiddish poet
* [[Baruch Schick of Shklov]] (1744–1808) rabbi and scholar, Hebrew author and translator<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15921/15921-h/15921-h.htm/ ''The Haskalah Movement In Russia'' – Project Gutenberg]. Retrieved 9 August 2007.</ref>
* [[Josef Gusikov]], [[klezmer]] musician, born in Shklov
* [[Nahum Eitingon|Naum Eitingon]], general of the [[NKVD]] and murderer of [[Leon Trotsky]], born in Shklov
* [[Yisroel ben Shmuel of Shklov]], rabbi, disciple of the [[Vilna Gaon]]
* [[Moshe Feinstein]], rabbi, studied and lived in Shklov before emigrating to the United States to become the preeminent Torah sage and ''[[posek]]'' of his generation<ref>{{Cite book|last=Finkelman|first=Shimon|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/805391556|title=Reb Moshe : the life and ideals of haGaon Rabbi Moshe Feinstein|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4226-1084-8|oclc=805391556}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
{{Multiple image
| total_width = 800
| align = center
| image1 = Shklov2.JPG
| caption1 = The Transfiguration Church
| image2 = Škloŭ, Prabojnaja vulica. Шклоў, Прабойная вуліца.jpg
| caption2 = Škloŭ, Prabojnaja vulica
| image3 = Памятник трактору в Шклове - panoramio.jpg
| caption3 = Monument of tractor
}}
{{clear}}

==See also==
* [[Battle of Holowczyn]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Škloŭ|Shklow}}
*[http://radzima.org/pub/miesta.php?lang=en&miesta_id1=maszszkl Photos on Radzima.org]
*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=647&letter=S SHKLOV in the JewishEncyclopedia]
*[http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=271 The murder of the Jews of Shkloŭ] during [[World War II]], at [[Yad Vashem]] website
* {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|1949435|Shklow, Belarus}}

{{Mogilev Region}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shklou}}

[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Belarus]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Belarus]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Dnieper in Belarus]]
[[Category:Shklow| ]]