Editing Short C-23 Sherpa

{{Short description|Military transport aircraft}}
{{about|the cargo aircraft|the experimental research aircraft|Short SB.4 Sherpa}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= C-23 Sherpa
 |image= File:A C-23 Sherpa from the California Army National Guard's Detachment 1, Company I, 185th Theater Aviation Brigade, flies over San Diego.jpg
 |caption= A US Army C-23 Sherpa over [[San Diego]] 2014
 |type= Transport aircraft 
 |national_origin= United Kingdom
 |manufacturer= [[Short Brothers]]
 |first_flight= 6 August 1984
 |introduction= 1984
 |status= Retired
 |retired= [[Army National Guard]] 2014
 |primary_user= [[United States Army]]
 |more_users= [[United States Air Force]]
 |produced= 1984–1990 (1997)
 |number_built= 60
 |unit cost=
 |developed_from= [[Short 330]], [[Short 360]]
 |variants=  
}}

The '''Short C-23 Sherpa''' is a small military transport aircraft built by [[Short Brothers]]. It was designed to operate from unpaved runways and make [[STOL|short takeoff and landings (STOL)]].<ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=https://airforcesmonthly.keypublishing.com/2013/09/06/aircraft-profile-short-brothers-c-23-sherpa/ |title=Aircraft profile: Short Brothers' C-23 Sherpa &#124; Air Forces Monthly |access-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225130154/https://airforcesmonthly.keypublishing.com/2013/09/06/aircraft-profile-short-brothers-c-23-sherpa/ |archive-date=25 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> It features a large squared fuselage with a full-width rear cargo door/ramp. The ''C-23A'' and ''C-23B'' are variants of the [[Short 330]] and the ''C-23B+'' is a variant of the [[Short 360]]. 60 aircraft were used, it was finally retired from US Army in 2014, but remains in international service. Although it went on to be used for other uses, it was originally the winner of an early 1980s competition for a light cargo aircraft to deliver cargo, especially aviation parts in Western Europe (EDSA). While the C-23 was a new production, as was the C-23B, the C-23B+ were actually Shorts 360, with the tail and rear fuselage of a C-23. One of the differences between the C-23 and C-23B, is that the latter had cabin windows. The aircraft has a substantial amount of civilian use and was also operated by the U.S. Forestry Service and NASA. The aircraft continues in service with the Philippines and Djibouti, as well as various civilian and governmental agencies, though many aircraft have been retired.

The Short C-23 Sherpa was part of family of small to mid-sized twin turbo prop transport aircraft developed in the late 20th century, starting with Short Skyvan, Short 330, and the Short 360. The C-23 was based on the Short 330, and the C-23B+ was based on the Short 360. The original C-23 had very specific purpose, to resupply airfields in Western Europe during the Cold War and entered service in the 1980s. However, it went on afterwards to serve in many different roles. The company that made the aircraft, Short Brothers, was bought by Bombardier in 1989; it was one the earliest commercial aviation companies (founded in 1908). 

Short Brothers produced the C-23 from 1984 to 1997.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Columnist |first=E. T. |date=2024-06-10 |title=As US, China Chase 6th-Gen Jets, Canada To Revive 'Almost Forgotten' C-23 Sherpa As Military Variant |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/as-us-china-chase-6th-gen-jets-canada-to-revive-almost-forgotten-c-23-sherpa-as-military-variant/ |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=EURASIAN TIMES |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Design and development==
[[File:Short Skyvan SC.7 (G-BEOL) arrives at RIAT Fairford 12July2018 arp.jpg|thumb|The Short Skyvan, from which the C-23 was developed. The C-23B+ was a combination of C-23 and Shorts 360]]
The Short 330 was developed by [[Short Brothers]] of [[Belfast]] from their earlier [[Short SC.7 Skyvan]] STOL utility transport. The 330 has a longer wingspan and fuselage than the Skyvan, while retaining the Skyvan's square shaped fuselage cross section, allowing it to carry up to 30 passengers while retaining good short field characteristics. The 330 entered commercial service in 1976.<ref name="donald world">{{cite book |editor=Donald, David |title=The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft |year=1997 |publisher=Aerospace Publishing |isbn=1-85605-375-X |page=838}}</ref>

In addition to the passenger aircraft, Shorts also planned two freight versions. The ''Short 330-UTT'' (for Utility Tactical Transport) was a military transport version fitted with a strengthened cabin floor and paratroop doors,<ref name="Janes88-89"/> which was sold in small numbers, primarily to Thailand, which purchased four. The ''Short Sherpa'' was a freighter fitted with a full-width rear cargo door/ramp. This version first flew on 23 December 1982,<ref name="Janes88-89">{{cite book|editor-last=Taylor|editor-first= JWR |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft, 1988–1989|year=1988|publisher=Jane's Information Group|isbn=0-7106-0867-5 |pages=304–306}}</ref> with the first order for 18 aircraft being placed by the [[United States Air Force]] in March 1983. These aircraft were assigned to [[Military Airlift Command]] (MAC) for the European Distribution System Aircraft (EDSA) role, flying cargo and personnel between [[United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa|United States Air Forces in Europe]] (USAFE) air bases.<ref name="Janes88-89"/> Eventually, 60 would be procured by for the U.S. armed forces and serve well into the 21st century.{{cn|date=June 2024}} The C-23 Sherpa was the winner of a competition to enhance cargo delivery in that theater.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-18 |title=A look back at USAFE's C-23A Sherpa operations |url=https://www.key.aero/article/look-back-usafes-c-23a-sherpa-operations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240325012313/https://www.key.aero/article/look-back-usafes-c-23a-sherpa-operations |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=key.aero |language=en}}</ref> One of its competitors as that time was the [[CASA C-212 Aviocar|CASA C.212 Aviocar]].<ref name=":1" />

The Sherpa's cabin is 6.5&nbsp;ft (1.98&nbsp;m) wide, 6.5&nbsp;ft (1.98&nbsp;m) high and 29&nbsp;ft (8.84&nbsp;m) long.<ref name="Archived copy"/> It offers a cargo volume of 1,230&nbsp;cu ft (34.83&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>), with a cargo capacity of 8,000&nbsp;lb (3,629&nbsp;kg).<ref name="Archived copy"/> The Sherpa is also capable of operating from unpaved runways and making [[STOL|short takeoff and landings (STOL)]].<ref name="Archived copy"/>

In [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]] service, the Short 330 was designated ''C-23A Sherpa''. The ''C-23B Sherpa'' is similar to the C-23A, but with cabin windows.<ref name="donald military">{{cite book|editor1-last=Donald|editor1-first=David|editor2-last=Lake|editor2-first=John|title=Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft|edition=Single Volume|year=1996|publisher=Aerospace Publishing|location=London|isbn=1-874023-95-6|page=384}}</ref> The ''C-23B+'' [[Short 360]] derivative was created by replacing the rear fuselage of Short 360s obtained on the second-hand market with the twin tail and rear loading ramp of the Short Sherpa.

The C-23 was produced at the Short Brothers' facility in Belfast, Northern Ireland.<ref name="olive-drab">{{cite web|url=http://www.olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_c23sherpa.php|title=C-23 Sherpa|access-date=21 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019093835/http://www.olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_c23sherpa.php|archive-date=19 October 2007|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2024, De Havilland Canada’s  did a study to evaluate returning the C-23 Sherpa to production, noting that the aviation market had seen other succesfull revivals such as the [[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|Twin Otter]] and [[Canadair CL-415|CL-415]] (DHC-515 Firefighter).<ref name=":0" />

==Operational history==
[[File:Short C-23A Sherpa (330-200), USA - Air Force AN2184802.jpg|thumb|C-23A with aft cargo door down|left]]
The C-23 served with USAF starting in the 1980s, and later the U.S. Army. It was retired from the USAF in 1990 and the Army until 2014. 

===U.S. Air Force===
[[File:C-23A-1.jpg|thumb|The first C-23A for U.S. Air Force during its official rollout ceremony]]
[[File:C-5-C-23-1.jpg|thumb|A C-23 Sherpa in center front with a C-5 Galaxy in rear]]
The ''C-23A Sherpa'' entered service with the United States Air Force in Europe in 1985<ref name="olive-drab"/> based at [[Zweibrücken Air Base]]. It continued in use in the EDSA role until November 1990 with the post-cold war force reductions.<ref name="scramble"/> All the Sherpas returned to the United States; three aircraft were transferred to the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, eight aircraft went to the U.S. Army and the remaining seven to the U.S. Forest Service. The Test Pilot School's aircraft were retired in 1997.<ref name="scramble"/>

===U.S. Army===
The eight former USAF aircraft were used for test duties at different units; two were re-designated as JC-23A.<ref name="scramble"/>

The Army purchased four civil Short 330 aircraft to replace the [[de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou|de Havilland Canada C-7 Caribou]] being used to support the [[Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site|Kwajalein Missile Range]]. These were not given a C-23 designation, and were retired in 1992.<ref name="scramble"/> In 1988, the Army ordered ten new-build Short 330s designated C-23B to replace the DHC C-7 Caribou used by the U.S. Army National Guard Aviation and Repair Activity Depots. In 1990, a further six were ordered.<ref name="scramble"/>

When the Army wanted 20 more C-23s in 1990 the production line had closed; second-hand Short 360 aircraft were purchased instead. Designated C-23B+, these were modified from the original single tail to the twin-tail and cargo ramp of the other C-23Bs.<ref name="scramble"/> In 1994, another eight aircraft were converted to replace the [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|de Havilland Canada UV-18 Twin Otter]]s used in Alaska.<ref name="scramble"/> (which was also out of production since 1988)<ref>{{cite web |last=Hemmerdinger |first=Jon |last2=Paris |date=2023-06-19 |title=De Havilland resumes Twin Otter 300 production with new variant |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/airframers/de-havilland-resumes-twin-otter-300-production-with-new-variant/153788.article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240325012535/https://www.flightglobal.com/airframers/de-havilland-resumes-twin-otter-300-production-with-new-variant/153788.article |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Flight Global }}</ref>

During [[Iraq War]] (2003–2011), the C-23 served the Army's intra-theater needs of cargo and personnel transport. It provided an economic alternative for transporting some 20 people or three pallets of cargo when speed was not critical.<ref>[http://www.military.com/NewContent/0,13190,020904_C23,00.html "C-23: A Small Cargo Plane that Makes a Big Difference"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013014651/http://www.military.com/NewContent/0,13190,020904_C23,00.html|date=13 October 2017 }}, Military.com, 9 February 2004.</ref>

As part of the U.S. Army's [[Constant Hawk]] intelligence gathering program, five Short 360s were modified for use in Iraq and flew in theater between 2006 and 2011. A further two modified aircraft collided in mid-air before delivery to Iraq. The Constant Hawk aircraft were not given a military designation.<ref name="scramble"/>

On 13 June 2007, the [[Alenia C-27J Spartan|Alenia C-27J]] was selected to replace the C-23 in U.S. Army service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/News/story/id/123057181/|title=C-27J Spartan named as Joint Cargo Aircraft|date=14 June 2007|work=Air Force Link|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526085537/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123057181|archive-date=26 May 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2007/06/defense_JCA_070613/|title=C-27J tapped for Joint Cargo Aircraft|date=14 June 2007|work=Air Force Times|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20070814222958/http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2007/06/defense_JCA_070613/|archive-date=14 August 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> A total of 43 C-23s were in service with the U.S. Army as of November 2008 (all US C-27 aircraft at that time were transferred to the US Coast Guard in 2012 due to budget shortfalls).<ref name="FI_AirForces_2008">"Directory: World Air Forces", ''[[Flight International]]'', 11–17 November 2008.</ref> The C-23 Sherpa was retired from the [[Army National Guard]] in January 2014.<ref>[http://www.dvidshub.net/news/119002/c-23-sherpa-makes-final-flight-army-guard-retires-venerable-aircraft#.UtA3zMKA0dU C-23 Sherpa makes final flight as Army Guard retires the venerable aircraft] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110192716/http://www.dvidshub.net/news/119002/c-23-sherpa-makes-final-flight-army-guard-retires-venerable-aircraft#.UtA3zMKA0dU |date=10 January 2014 }} – Dvidshub.net, 10 January 2014</ref> As part of the [[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014]], 8 C-23s may be transferred to the State of [[Alaska]] to operate from short rural runways for search-and-rescue and medium-lift missions.<ref>[http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/the-final-flight-of-the-c-23-sherpa/ The Final Army Flight of the C-23 Sherpa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203165250/http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/the-final-flight-of-the-c-23-sherpa/ |date=3 February 2014 }} – Defensemedianetwork.com, 27 January 2014</ref>

[[File:US Army MFFATIC Water Jump.jpg|thumb|left|[[High-altitude military parachuting|HAHO-type]] Para jump out of back of C-23, 2010]]

=== U.S. Army National Guard ===
[[File:C-23 at Anaktuvuk Pass.jpg|thumb|Alaska National Guard C-23 on an unimproved frozen runway in the Alaskan village of [[Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska|Anaktuvuk Pass]] to deliver medical supplies. (2011)]]

While the US Army does not operate many fixed wing aircraft besides the Sherpa (due to [[Key West Agreement]]), they lost a C-23B in 2001 in Georgia, USA, and 21 died.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CNN.com - Military units involved in the C-23 Sherpa crash - March 3, 2001 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/03/03/florida.guard.facts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240325013222/http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/03/03/florida.guard.facts/ |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=www.cnn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Shorts C-23B+ Sherpa (360) 93-1336 Unadilla, GA |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010303-0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240325013511/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010303-0 |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> This was the worst peacetime aviation disaster of the [[U.S. National Guard]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Nash |first=Deborah |title=Hödicke, K(arl) H(orst) |date=2003 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t038416 |work=Oxford Art Online |access-date=2023-10-29 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>

On 3 March 2001, a C-23B Sherpa belonging to the 171st Aviation Regiment of the [[Florida Army National Guard]] was carrying 18 construction workers of the [[Virginia Air National Guard]] from [[Hurlburt Field]], Florida to [[Naval Air Station Oceana]], Virginia. The pilot left the flight deck to use the aft bathroom. His weight in the tailcone shifted the [[center of gravity]] sufficiently that the airplane became unstable when a patch of severe turbulence was encountered. The violent g-force shifts then encountered rendered the crew unconscious and caused the breakup of the aircraft in flight near Unadilla, Georgia, killing the 21 persons on board.<ref>{{cite news |last=Veillette [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]]. |first=Patrick |date=May 26, 2016 |title=Weighty Matters: Miscalculation when loading can have unwelcome consequences |work=[[Aviation Week]] Network |url=http://aviationweek.com/bca/weighty-matters?NL=AW-05&Issue=AW-05_20160623_AW-05_244&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_1&elq2=91a0cf3664184a7c8be3cad1218369fb |url-status=live |access-date=July 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013020839/http://aviationweek.com/bca/weighty-matters?NL=AW-05&Issue=AW-05_20160623_AW-05_244&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_1&elq2=91a0cf3664184a7c8be3cad1218369fb |archive-date=13 October 2017}}</ref> Later calculations determined that the aircraft had been loaded outside its operating envelope at the start of the flight.

The C-23 was retired from Army National Guard service in 2014, having served with distinction in such missions as disaster relief and transport, earning the distinction of being a "workhorse" aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web |title=C-23 Sherpa makes final flight as Army Guard retires the venerable aircraft |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article/575469/c-23-sherpa-makes-final-flight-as-army-guard-retires-the-venerable-aircraft/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalguard.mil%2FNews%2FArticle-View%2FArticle%2F575469%2Fc-23-sherpa-makes-final-flight-as-army-guard-retires-the-venerable-aircraft%2F |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=National Guard |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Civilian and governmental use===
[[File:SARP Flikr 08 (36874123955).jpg|thumb|left|NASA C-23 used for SARP alongside a [[Beechcraft C-12 Huron|UC-12B]], 2017 ]]
Several surplus aircraft were sold to United States operators,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.controller.com/listings/aircraft/for-sale/list/category/8/turboprop-aircraft?Manu=SHORTS |title=SHORTS Turboprop Aircraft For Sale |work=Controller.com |access-date=July 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813111322/http://www.controller.com/listings/aircraft/for-sale/list/category/8/turboprop-aircraft?Manu=SHORTS |archive-date=13 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> who used them to transport equipment and crews to remote work sites.

In 2014 the Army transferred more than dozen C-23 to the U.S. Forestry Service.<ref name=":0" />

NASA operates one C-23 for atmospheric research from [[Wallops Flight Facility]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=C-23 Sherpa |url=https://impact.earthdata.nasa.gov/casei/platform/C-23%20Sherpa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240325014000/https://impact.earthdata.nasa.gov/casei/platform/C-23%20Sherpa |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=NASA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=C-23 Sherpa - WFF {{!}} NASA Airborne Science Program |url=https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/aircraft/C-23_Sherpa_-_WFF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240325014219/https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/aircraft/C-23_Sherpa_-_WFF |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=NASA}}</ref>

==Potential sales==
[[File:Concepção artística do projeto do Sherpa C-23.png|thumb|Artist concept of upgraded Sherpa's for the Brasilian Army]]
In December 2014, it was announced that US would supply eight aircraft to [[Estonia]], [[Djibouti]], and [[Philippines]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/47066/estonia-to-replace-soviet-era-an-2-aircraft-with-us-supplied-sherpas |title=Estonia to replace Soviet-era An-2 aircraft with US-supplied Sherpas - IHS Jane's 360 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103100739/http://www.janes.com/article/47066/estonia-to-replace-soviet-era-an-2-aircraft-with-us-supplied-sherpas |archive-date=3 January 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postimees.ee/3031821/usa-kingib-eestile-kaks-transpordilennukit|title=USA kingib Eestile kaks transpordilennukit – Eesti uudised – Postimees.ee|access-date=19 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219142609/http://www.postimees.ee/3031821/usa-kingib-eestile-kaks-transpordilennukit|archive-date=19 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Estonia ended up not taking the Sherpa, a decision they reached in 2015 because they could not afford the maintenance, despite the low initial cost procuring of the aircraft. Also, the landing and take off ability of the C-23 was not short enough for their requirement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ERR |date=2016-07-28 |title=Estonian Air Force walks away from transport planes offered by US |url=https://news.err.ee/118658/estonian-air-force-walks-away-from-transport-planes-offered-by-us |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240325012804/https://news.err.ee/118658/estonian-air-force-walks-away-from-transport-planes-offered-by-us |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=ERR |language=en}}</ref> The Estonians were operating two [[Antonov An-2]], a single engine biplane transport known for its low stall speed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estonian Air Force An-2 - Estonia |url=https://www.airtattoo.com/riat-2018/aircraft/estonian-air-force-an-2-estonia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240325013007/https://www.airtattoo.com/riat-2018/aircraft/estonian-air-force-an-2-estonia/ |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=Royal International Air Tattoo |language=en}}</ref> In 2019, the Estonian Air Force received [[PZL M28 Skytruck|PZL C-145]] instead which was a better match for their requirement, they were donated from the USAF which was retiring its fleet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estonia receives first of two donated C-145As |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/estonia-receives-first-of-two-donated-c-145as |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=Janes.com |language=en}}</ref>

Brazil briefly considered procuring up to eight upgraded C-23 Sherpa in the late 2010s, for service in the 2020s; the aircraft would be upgraded with new radars, TCAS, and night vision and approved the purchase.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magalhães |first=André |date=2018-06-20 |title=Brazilian Army could receive four Sherpa C-23 aircraft, says foreign website |url=https://www.aeroflap.com.br/en/Brazilian-army-could-receive-four-Sherpa-C-23-aircraft-says-foreign-site/ |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=Aeroflap |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-09 |title=Brazilian Army approves purchase of C-23B Sherpa aircraft - Air Data News |url=https://www.airdatanews.com/brazilian-army-approves-purchase-of-c-23b-sherpa-aircraft/ |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=www.airdatanews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Brazilian Army Aviation]] had interest in acquiring eight Sherpa planes to supply its Special Border Platoons in the Amazon. A presidential decree allowed the army to possess fixed-wing aircraft in 2020, but it was revoked just two days after its publication. The acquisition was harshly opposed by air force officers and even some army officers. They considered the heavy expenditure on these aircraft inopportune at a time of scarce resources, preferring that investment be made in the FAB's existing planes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Düring |first=Nelson |date=9 September 2020 |title=Sherpa – decisão fundamental para o teatro de operações da Amazônia |url=https://www.defesanet.com.br/avex/noticia/38017/Sherpa-%E2%80%93-Decisao-Fundamental-para-o-Teatro-de-Operacoes-da-Amazonia/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919092811/https://www.defesanet.com.br/avex/noticia/38017/Sherpa-%E2%80%93-Decisao-Fundamental-para-o-Teatro-de-Operacoes-da-Amazonia/ |archive-date=19 September 2020 |access-date=1 November 2022 |website=DefesaNet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Godoy |first1=Marcelo |last2=Godoy |first2=Roberto |date=6 June 2020 |title=Decreto de Bolsonaro inclui avião para Exército; brigadeiros criticam |url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,decreto-de-bolsonaro-inclui-aviao-para-exercito-brigadeiros-criticam,70003326550 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607162125/https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,decreto-de-bolsonaro-inclui-aviao-para-exercito-brigadeiros-criticam,70003326550 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |access-date=1 November 2022 |website=Estadão}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Godoy |first1=Marcelo |last2=Godoy |first2=Roberto |date=8 June 2020 |title=Ex-comandante critica decreto de Bolsonaro e diz que faltam recursos à FAB |url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,ex-comandante-critica-decreto-de-bolsonaro-e-diz-que-faltam-recursos-a-fab,70003327756 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608130349/https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,ex-comandante-critica-decreto-de-bolsonaro-e-diz-que-faltam-recursos-a-fab,70003327756 |archive-date=8 June 2020 |access-date=1 November 2022 |website=Estadão}}</ref>

==Variants==
[[File:Short C-23B+ Sherpa (SD-360) (6342607014) (2).jpg|thumb|Sherpa C-23B+ Sherpa]]
;C-23A Sherpa: Twin-engine transport aircraft for the U.S. Air Force based on the Short 330-UTT; it was fitted with a strengthened cabin floor with a roller conveyor system, plus a forward cargo door on the port side of the fuselage, equipped with a hydraulically operated full-width rear cargo door/ramp; 18 built.
;C-23B Sherpa: Twin-engine transport aircraft for the US Army National Guard, similar to the C-23A, but with cabin windows, stronger landing-gear, inward-opening paratroop doors at the rear of the fuselage and an air-operable two-section cargo ramp; 16 built.<ref name="scramble">{{cite magazine|magazine=Scramble Magazine|publisher=Dutch Aviation Society|issue=427|date=December 2014|title=Whatever happened to .. C-23 Sherpa|pages=150–157|issn=0927-3417}}</ref>
;C-23B+ Super Sherpa: Short 360 aircraft purchased as used aircraft by the U.S. Army and modified by the West Virginia Air Center (WVAC) for the replacement of the rear fuselage of the Short 360, with its single tall fin, with the twin tail and rear loading ramp of the Short Sherpa.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/c-23.htm |title=C-23 Sherpa |work=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=July 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815081447/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/c-23.htm |archive-date=15 August 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> 28 civil aircraft were modified.<ref name="scramble"/>
;C-23C
:Both C-23B and C-23B+ with flightdeck avionic upgrade under the "Avionics System Cockpit Upgrade" program, 43 modified.<ref name="scramble"/>
;C-23D
:C-23C with upgraded avionics under the "Safety Avionics Modification" program from 2010, program was cancelled and only four aircraft were modified.<ref name="scramble"/>

==Operators==
[[File:C-23B-1.jpg|thumb|right|C-23B Sherpa in Iraq, 2004]]
[[File:Alaska paratroopers train with C-23 Sherpa aircraft 130612-F-QT695-001.jpg|thumb|Paratroopers on board a C-23 for training]]

;{{PHL}}
* [[Philippine Army]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Orpiano |first=Pitz |date=June 26, 2022 |title=The Donated SD3-30 (C-23) Sherpa Aircraft of the Philippine Army |url=https://www.pitzdefanalysis.net/2022/06/the-donated-sd3-30-sherpa-aircraft-pharmy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205123530/https://www.pitzdefanalysis.net/2022/06/the-donated-sd3-30-sherpa-aircraft-pharmy.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=Pitz Defense Analysis}}</ref>
;{{DJI}}
* [[Djibouti Air Force]]
;{{USA}}
* [[United States Air Force]]
* [[United States Army]]
** [[Army National Guard]]
* [[NASA]]<ref>[https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/aircraft/C-23_Sherpa "C-23 Sherpa."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427140217/https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/aircraft/C-23_Sherpa |date=27 April 2017 }} ''NASA Airborne Science Program.'' Retrieved: 26 May 2017.</ref>
* [[United States Forest Service]]

===Civil operators===
Former USAF and US Army aircraft have been sold to civil operators including:

;{{PHL}}
*[[Royal Star Aviation]]<ref name="scramble"/>
;{{USA}}
*[[Era Aviation]]<ref name="scramble"/>
*[[Freedom Air (Guam)|Freedom Air]]<ref name="scramble"/>
*Richland County Sheriffs Department (South Carolina)<ref name="scramble"/>
*[[USDA Forest Service]]<ref name="scramble"/>

==Aircraft on display==
[[File:Short Sherpa at Millville Army Airfield Museum.jpg|thumb|Sherpa 85-25343 on Display at [[Millville Executive Airport]], 2023]]
;United States
*Short 330-200 ''85-25343'', a former Kwajalein range aircraft, at Millville Army Aviation Museum, [[Millville, New Jersey]] without its propellers.<ref name="scramble"/> 
*C-23C – ''N863DZ'', which was US Army ''93-01320'', at [[Air Heritage Aviation Museum]], [[Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania]].<ref name="scramble"/>

==Specifications (C-23A)==
[[File:Shorts C-23A SHERPA.png|thumb|300px|3-view projection of the Short C23 Sherpa]]
[[File:C-23A-4.jpg|thumb|right|A C-23A with an aircraft engine being unloaded (SALTY DEMO'85)]]
[[File:U.S. Army Chief Warrant Officer 4 Kelly Cawood, with the 641st Aviation Regiment, prepares to unload pallets of meals, ready to eat (MREs) from a C-23 Sherpa aircraft May 23, 2013, in Norman, Okla 130523-Z-TK779-020.jpg|thumb|Unloading pallets of meals, ready to eat (MREs) from a C-23 Sherpa rear cargo door/ramp.]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988–1989<ref name="Janes88-89"/> 
|prime units?=kts
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=3 (2 pilots plus 1 cabin crew)
|capacity=30 passengers, or 18 Litter based passengers / {{cvt|7000|lb|0}} maximum payload
|length ft=58
|length in=0.5
|length note=
|span ft=74
|span in=8
|span note=
|height ft=16
|height in=3
|height note=
|wing area sqft=453
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil='''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 63A418]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 63A414]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight lb=14727
|empty weight note=including crew
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=22900
|max takeoff weight note=<br>
*'''Maximum landing weight:''' {{cvt|22600|lb|0}}
|fuel capacity={{cvt|560|impgal|USgal l}} / {{cvt|4480|lb|0}}
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-45-R]]
|eng1 type=[[turboprop]] engines
|eng1 shp=1198
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=5
|prop name=[[Hartzell Propeller|Hartzell]]
|prop dia m=2.82
|prop dia note=constant-speed fully-feathering propeller
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kts=252
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kts=228
|cruise speed note= {{efn|{{cvt|157|kn|mph km/h|0}} at {{cvt|21000|lb|0}} AUW at {{cvt|10000|ft|0}} }}
|stall speed kts=73
|stall speed note=at MLW flaps and gear down {{efn| {{cvt|90|kn|mph km/h|0}} flaps and gear up }}
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range nmi=1185
|range note=with {{cvt|7000|lb|0}} payload, max fuel, reserves for 45 minute hold and {{cvt|43|nmi|mi km|0}} diversion{{efn|{{cvt|669|nmi|mi km|0}} with {{cvt|5000|lb|0}} payload, max fuel, reserves for 45 minute hold and {{cvt|43|nmi|mi km|0}} diversion }}
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=28000
|ceiling note=one engine inoperative at {{cvt|21000|lb|0}} AUW
|climb rate ftmin=1180
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading lb/sqft=50.55
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.1046|shp/lb}} maximum
|more performance=<br/>
*'''Take-off run (FAR & BCAR Gp.A):''' {{cvt|3420|ft|0}} ISA
*'''Take-off run (FAR & BCAR Gp.A):''' {{cvt|3420|ft|0}} ISA + {{cvt|15|C|F|0}}
*'''Landing run at MLW BCAR:''' {{cvt|4020|ft|0}} normal field
*'''Landing run at MLW BCAR:''' {{cvt|3150|ft|0}} short field
*'''Landing run at MLW FAR:''' {{cvt|3650|ft|0}}
|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|UK|Aviation}}
[[File:C-23A-9.jpg|thumb|C-23A of the 10th Military Airlift Squadron, October 1987]]
{{aircontent
|see also=
|related=
* [[Short 330]]
* [[Short 360]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Antonov An-28]]
* [[CASA C-212 Aviocar]]
* [[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|DHC-6 Twin Otter]]
* [[Dornier 228]]
* [[Harbin Y-12]]
* [[IAI Arava]]
* [[Let L-410 Turbolet]]
|lists=
}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|C-23 Sherpa}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070721033008/http://www.floridaguard.army.mil/news/read.asp?did=3073 C-23 Sherpa page on Florida National Guard site]
*[http://www.theaviationzone.com/factsheets/c23.asp C-23 page on theAviationZone.com]
*[http://www.Sherpasociety.org 10th MAS C-23A Sherpa Zweibrücken AFB reunion site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113910/https://sherpasociety.org/ |date=18 January 2021 }}

{{Short Brothers aircraft}}
{{US transport aircraft}}

[[Category:1970s British airliners]]
[[Category:Short Brothers aircraft]]
[[Category:Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1984]]
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[[Category:Twin-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]