Editing Shortnose cisco

{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Shortnose cisco
| image = Coregonus_reighardi.png
| status = PE
| status_system = IUCN2.3
| status_ref =  <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Gimenez Dixon, M. |date=1996 |title=''Coregonus reighardi'' |volume=1996 |page=e.T5376A11125634 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T5376A11125634.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Coregonus reighardi
| authority = ([[Walter Norman Koelz|Koelz]], 1924)
}}

The '''shortnose cisco''' (''Coregonus reighardi'') is a [[North America]]n [[freshwater whitefish]] in the salmon [[family (biology)|family]] [[Salmonidae]]. One of the members of the broader [[Coregonus artedi#The Coregonus artedi species complex|''Coregonus artedi'' species complex]] of [[Cisco (fish)|ciscoes]], it is native to the [[Great Lakes]] of Canada and the United States. Its population has been declining and it has disappeared from some of its earlier haunts. The last reported population was restricted to [[Georgian Bay]] off Lake Huron in Canada. It is thought that declines in the population of this fish may be linked with the arrival of the [[sea lamprey]] (''Petromyzon marinus''), in the Great Lakes. The [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] has rated the conservation status of this fish as "[[critically endangered]]", and possibly [[Extinction|extinct]].

In 2024, the [[United States Geological Survey]] announced that the species had been rediscovered in [[Lake Superior]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-17 |title=Researchers 'rediscover' fish species once believed extinct in Lake Superior |url=https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/michigan/believed-to-have-been-extinct-researchers-rediscover-fish-species-on-lake-superior |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=FOX 17 West Michigan News (WXMI) |language=en}}</ref>

==Description==
Reaching a maximum recorded length of {{convert|36|cm|in|abbr=on}} and a maximum recorded weight of {{convert|540|g|lboz|abbr=on}}, the shortnose cisco is distinguished from the other [[Coregonus|whitefishes]] by its thicker body (nearly circular in cross-section), short head (the source of the fish's common name), and small eye.

==Ecology==
Like many ''[[Coregonus]]'' species, the shortnose cisco is poorly understood, and little is known about its breeding or life-cycle except that it spawns in the spring at the lake bottom; the oldest specimen collected was eight years of age. 
The fish feeds on [[crustacean]]s, [[mollusc]]s, and [[zooplankton]].

==Status==
It is native to the [[Great Lakes]], formerly occurring in [[Lake Huron|Lakes Huron]], [[Lake Michigan|Michigan]], and [[Lake Ontario|Ontario]] in [[Canada]] and the [[United States]].
The [[IUCN]] considers ''C. reighardi'' to be [[Critically Endangered]] on the basis of plummeting population, caused by [[environmental degradation]]. The [[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]] and the [[Ontario|Province of Ontario]]'s Ministry of Natural Resources, however, consider the species already [[extinct]], on the basis that no specimen has been collected since 1985. The species was last confirmed present in Lake Ontario in 1964, in Lake Michigan in 1974, and in Georgian Bay in 1985. Predation by the [[alien species|alien]] [[sea lamprey]] (''Petromyzon marinus''), in combination with commercial [[overfishing]], has contributed to the fish's drastic reduction in numbers and possible extirpation. In 2024, it was announced that the species had been rediscovered in [[Lake Superior]], where it is not previously known to have lived.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{ITIS |id=161947 |taxon=Coregonus reighardi |accessdate=12 December 2004}}
*Division of Endangered Species. [[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]. [http://midwest.fws.gov/endangered/lists/extinct.html "Extinct Species List"]. Fort Snelling, Minn.: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, n.d. Accessed on 12 December 2004. 
*Flowers, Jonathan. [http://www.biology.mcgill.ca/undergra/c465a/biodiver/2000/shortnose-cisco/shortnose-cisco.htm "The Shortnose Cisco (''Coregonus reighardi''): A Species Possibly Extinct"]. ''Canadian Biodiversity Project.'' Montréal: McGill University, 2000.
*{{FishBase|genus=Coregonus|species=reighardi|year=2004|month=October}}
*Natural Heritage Information Centre. Ministry of Natural Resources. [[Ontario|Province of Ontario]]. [http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/elements/el_report.cfm?elid=180528 "General Element Report: ''Coregonus reighardi''"]. Updated 23 October 1997. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2002.
{{Whitefish}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q869102}}

[[Category:Coregonus]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1924]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Walter Koelz]]
[[Category:Extinct animals of the United States]]