Editing Siheung

{{Short description|City in Gyeonggi, South Korea}}
{{About|a city in Gyeonggi-do|a ''dong'' in Geumcheon District|Siheung-dong|others|Siheung (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}

{{Expand Korean|topic=geo|date=November 2020}}
{{Expert needed|1=Korea|talk=Expert needed on the "History" and "Education of Siheung" sections|reason=lack of research (secondary sources)|date=November 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Siheung
| native_name              = {{lang|ko|시흥시}}
| translit_lang1           = Korean
| settlement_type          = [[Cities of South Korea|Municipal City]]
| translit_lang1_type1     = [[Hangul]]
| translit_lang1_info1     = {{lang|ko|시흥시}}
| translit_lang1_type2     = [[Hanja]]
| translit_lang1_info2     = {{lang|ko|始興市}}
| translit_lang1_type3     = {{nowrap|Revised Romanization}}
| translit_lang1_info3     = Siheung-si
| translit_lang1_type4     = {{nowrap|McCune–Reischauer}}
| translit_lang1_info4     = Sihŭng-si
| image_skyline            = Nearoidostation-jan2006.jpg
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = [[Wolgot]] Harbor past [[Oido Station]]
|image_map               =  Gyeonggi-Siheung.svg
| mapsize                  = 
| map_caption              = Location in South Korea
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = South Korea
| subdivision_type1        = [[Regions of Korea|Region]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Gyeonggi Province]] ([[Seoul Capital Area|Sudogwon]])
| population_blank1_title  = Dialect
| population_blank1        = [[Gyeonggi dialect|Gyeonggi]]
| area_total_km2           = 135.79
| population_as_of         = September 2024
| population_footnotes     = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://jumin.mois.go.kr/|title=Population statistics |date=2024|website=Korea Ministry of the Interior and Safety}}</ref>
| population_total         = 518,559
| population_density_km2   = 3355.8
| parts_type               = [[Administrative divisions of South Korea|Administrative divisions]]
| parts                    = 18 ''[[Dong (administrative division)|dongs]]''
| image_blank_emblem       = Siheung logo.png
| blank_emblem_type        = Emblem of Siheung
| official_name            = 
| image_flag               = Flag of Siheung.svg
| coordinates = {{Coord|37.37986|126.802887|format=dms|display=inline,title|type:city_region:KR-41}}
}}

'''Siheung''' ({{Korean|hangul=시흥}}; {{IPA|ko|ɕi.ɣɯŋ|}}) is a [[Administrative divisions of South Korea|city]] in [[Gyeonggi Province]], South Korea. The city has a population of 511,807 people, where 508,646 are residents out of 218,846 households as of August 2021. Siheung acquired its current administrative structure on January 1, 1989, the former [[Siheung County]] was divided into the cities of Siheung, [[Gunpo]], and [[Uiwang]]. At the time, Siheung had a population of only 93,000. This number more than tripled in the following decade as massive suburban apartment complexes were developed. Siheung's current area formerly belonged to [[Incheon]] and [[Ansan]] before 1914.

Notable landmarks include the [[Oido]] island, the Soraesan mountain, Lotus theme park and the port and inlet of [[Wolgot]]. Siheung includes two new areas that were developed in the 1990s, Sihwa and Wolgot. The new city of Sihwa includes a very large industrial complex.{{Clarify|reason=|date=November 2020}} Companies headquartered there include Hansung Machinery Co., [[Korea Polytechnic University]] (established in 1997), and also {{ill|Kyonggi Institute of Technology|ko|경기과학기술대학교}} (reorganized in 1999).

In 2007, [[Korea Polytechnic University]] built TIP (Techno Innovation Park). The building has 18 floors used for studying, research, and development for students, faculty, companies and government.<ref>{{cite web|title=KoreaPolytechnicUniversity|url=http://www.kpu.ac.kr/contents/mainEng/eng/tipintro.html|website=www.kpu.ac.kr}}</ref> In February 2010, [[Seoul National University]] acquired 826 thousand square-meters or 204 acres of Siheung property to establish its global campus.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chung|first=Young-jin|date=February 12, 2010|title=Plans under way for new SNU branch in Siheung|url=http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2916541|access-date=May 5, 2011|publisher=joongangdaily.joins.com}}</ref> The university plans to build a biomedical complex, research hospital, apartments, and education-related infrastructure including lecture halls, dormitories, and an international middle and high school.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kim|first=Yea-rim|date=March 16, 2011|title=Siheung is on the Road to Becoming Korea's Investment Mecca|url=http://www.koreaittimes.com/story/13492/siheung-road-become-korea%E2%80%99s-investment-mecca|access-date=May 5, 2011|publisher=[[The Korea Times (America)|The Korea Times]]}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Expand section|date=November 2020}}

In the early [[Three Kingdoms of Korea|Three Kingdoms period]], the Siheung area was part of the [[Baekje]] kingdom. It was lost to [[Goguryeo]] along with the [[Han River (Korea)|Han River]] Valley in 475.

== Administrative districts ==
[[File:Siheung-map.png |thumb|right|Neighbourhoods of Siheung]]

Siheung is divided into 18 ''[[Dong (neighbourhood)|dongs]]''.<ref name="Siheung Administrative districts">{{cite web|title=Siheung Administrative districts|url=http://www.siheung.go.kr/siheung/%ED%96%89%EC%A0%95%EA%B5%AC%EC%97%AD|access-date=September 13, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=시흥시|title=시흥시, 시흥시청, 시흥, 시흥관광, 시흥제안, 행복한 변화 새로운 시흥, 시흥시장, 아동친화도시, 생태문화도시, 스마트시티 시흥, 스마트시티, 시흥소개, 시흥행정, 시흥소식, 시흥 공지사항|url=https://www.siheung.go.kr/main.do|access-date=2020-11-11|website=시흥시 홈페이지에 방문하신 것을 환영합니다.|language=ko}}</ref> 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Administrative dong !! Korean name !! Area ([[Square kilometre|km<sup>2</sup>]])!! Population !! Household 
|-
| '''Daeya-dong''' || 대야동 || 9.85|| 42,116 || 12.860
|-
| '''Sincheon-dong''' || 신천동 || 3.44|| 33.359 || 17,898
|-
| '''Sinhyun-dong''' || 신현동 || 12.64|| 9,139 || 4,396
|-
| '''Eunheng-dong''' || 은행동 || 5.96|| 54,575 || 15,278
|-
| '''Maehwa-dong''' || 매화동 || 11.20|| 11,356 || 5,133
|-
| '''Mokgam-dong''' || 목감동 || 17.57|| 40,971 || 15,795
|-
| '''Gunja-dong'''|| 군자동 || 16.69|| 21,775 || 9,738
|-
|'''Wolgot-dong'''
|월곶동
|8.53
|17,385
|6,859
|-
| '''Jeongwangbon-dong'''|| 정왕본동 || 8.83|| 18,122 || 14,016
|-
| '''Jeongwang 1-dong'''|| 정왕1동 || 6.55|| 21,226 || 13,085
|-
| '''Jeongwang 2-dong'''|| 정왕2동 || 5.55|| 27,216 || 12,516
|-
| '''Jeongwang 3-dong'''|| 정왕3동 || 6.18|| 21,535 || 10,881
|-
| '''Jeongwang 4-dong'''|| 정왕4동 || 5.80|| 19,729 || 7,438
|-
|'''Baegot-dong'''
|배곧동
|4.97
|68,084
|25,421
|-
| '''Gwarim-dong'''|| 과림동 || 7.65|| 1,796 || 1,247
|-
| '''Yeonseong-dong'''|| 연성동 || 10.05|| 23,882 || 8,283
|-
|'''Janggok-dong'''
|장곡동
|3.49
|46,728
|5.606
|-
|'''Neunggok-dong'''|| 능곡동 || 4.34|| 26,101 || 6,946
|-
!'''Total'''!! 시흥시 !! 135.79!! 472,162 !! 186,443
|}

==Climate==
Siheung has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dwa''), but can be considered a borderline [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cwa'') using the {{convert|-3|C}} isotherm.
{{Weather box
| location = Siheung (1994–2020 normals)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y

| Jan high C = 2.5
| Feb high C = 5.2
| Mar high C = 10.7
| Apr high C = 17.3
| May high C = 23.0
| Jun high C = 27.1
| Jul high C = 29.3
| Aug high C = 30.5
| Sep high C = 26.6
| Oct high C = 20.5
| Nov high C = 12.4
| Dec high C = 4.7
| year high C = 17.5

| Jan mean C = -1.9
| Feb mean C = 0.5
| Mar mean C = 5.6
| Apr mean C = 11.9
| May mean C = 17.6
| Jun mean C = 22.1
| Jul mean C = 25.4
| Aug mean C = 26.4
| Sep mean C = 21.7
| Oct mean C = 15.1
| Nov mean C = 7.6
| Dec mean C = 0.3
| year mean C = 12.7

| Jan low C = -6.2
| Feb low C = -3.9
| Mar low C = 1.0
| Apr low C = 7.1
| May low C = 12.8
| Jun low C = 18.1
| Jul low C = 22.2
| Aug low C = 23.0
| Sep low C = 17.5
| Oct low C = 10.0
| Nov low C = 3.0
| Dec low C = -4.0
| year low C = 8.4

| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 14.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 22.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 29.6
| Apr precipitation mm = 60.4
| May precipitation mm = 78.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 107.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 321.4
| Aug precipitation mm = 254.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 122.4
| Oct precipitation mm = 47.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 46.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 18.5
| year precipitation mm = 1122.6

| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 3.6
| Feb precipitation days = 3.7
| Mar precipitation days = 4.9
| Apr precipitation days = 6.8
| May precipitation days = 6.6
| Jun precipitation days = 7.8
| Jul precipitation days = 12.4
| Aug precipitation days = 11.1
| Sep precipitation days = 7.1
| Oct precipitation days = 4.9
| Nov precipitation days = 7.1
| Dec precipitation days = 5.3

| source = [[Korea Meteorological Administration]]<ref name= KMA>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220129211110/https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/korea_pdf_0106_v2.pdf
| archive-date = 29 January 2022
| url = https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/korea_pdf_0106_v2.pdf
| title = Climatological Normals of Korea (1991 ~ 2020)
| publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration
| access-date = 7 June 2023
| language = ko}}</ref>
}}

==Public transportation==
===Railroad===
Siheung has several rail lines sponsored by [[Korail]]. [[Seoul Subway Line 4]] runs from the [[Oido station]] to the [[Jeongwang station]] before proceeding on to [[Ansan]]. The Suin line runs through [[Darwol station|Darwol]] and [[Wolgot station|Wolgot]] stations before proceeding to the [[Namdong District]]. The [[Seohae Line]] was added on June 16, 2018, and will be built to run through the city from the [[Sosa station]] to Ansan.

== Industry ==

=== {{Anchor|Gross Domestic Product}}Gross domestic product ===
The total regional production of Siheung in 2012 was 26.888&nbsp;billion won. It accounted for 3.6% of Gyeonggi Province's GDP. The primary industries of forestry followed by agriculture are low producers, amounting to 41.4&nbsp;billion won. The secondary industries of mining and manufacturing amounted for 16.24&nbsp;trillion won, accounting for 64.2%, while the tertiary industries of commercial and service industries accounted for 35.6%, amounting to 9.29&nbsp;trillion won. Quaternary industries provided the following: wholesale and retail trade (6.6%); construction (4.0%); real estate and leasing (3.3%), and business services (3.2%).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=210&tblId=DT_GRDP008&conn_path=I3,|title=KOSIS|website=kosis.kr|language=ko|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref>

=== {{Anchor|Status of Employees by Industry}}Status of employees by industry ===
In 2014, the total number of workers in industries in Siheung was 185,032. This accounts for 4.1% of the total number of employees in the city's province, [[Gyeonggi Province|Gyeonggi]]. The number of agriculture and forestry fisheries was 17%, which is low. Mining and manufacturing accounted for 48.4%, with 89,554 employees. The commercial and service industry accounted for 95.6%, amounting to 51.6%. Secondary industry was individually higher than it was in Gyeonggi overall (27.1%) and the tertiary industry was lower than Gyeonggi (72.9%). In the tertiary industry, the proportion of housing and food and lodging (7.6%), education (5.2%), and health and social services (4.4%).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=210&tblId=DT_21002D003&conn_path=I3,|title=KOSIS|website=kosis.kr|language=ko|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref>

=={{Anchor|Recreation and Tourism|Recreation & Tourism}}Recreation and tourism==
* Siheung Lotus Theme Park – The Lotus Theme Park can be visited all-year-round by bikers and pedestrians, but the peak months for seeing the lotus plants in bloom are July and August. It is also the site of a summer festival. Seven varieties of lotus and over thirty varieties of waterlilies are cultivated at the park.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eng.gg.go.kr/1369 |title=GyeongGi-Do :: Gwangokji Lotus Theme Park |access-date=August 9, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140105/http://eng.gg.go.kr/1369 |archive-date=October 6, 2011 }} Lotus Theme Park Info</ref> Admission to the theme park during the summer months is free, and lotus viewing tours take place from 9:00&nbsp;a.m. to 2:00&nbsp;p.m. local time.<ref>http://www.siheung.go.kr/tour/content.do?method=contentView&topCmsCd=CM0139&cmsCd=CM1764&grp=2&clickParentNum=11&clickNum=12 Siheung Lotus Theme Park Page (Korean)</ref> The theme park can be reached by several city bus routes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eng.gg.go.kr/entry/Siheung-Lotus-Theme-Park-1 |title=GyeongGi-Do :: Siheung Lotus Theme Park |access-date=August 9, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140637/http://eng.gg.go.kr/entry/Siheung-Lotus-Theme-Park-1 |archive-date=October 6, 2011 }} Lotus Theme Park Info and Directions</ref>
* Siheung Gaetgol Ecological Park – There is a rare inland [[mudflat|''gaetgol'']] present in the park that is exposed twice a day at low tide. It can also be called a "serpentinized mudflat" because it looks like a snake.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}
* The Soraesan mountain – Unlike other mountains, Soraesan has a moderate slope, moderate rock climbing, and even a forest path. The ''Maae-sang'' of Soraesan, built during the [[Goryeo]] Dynasty, is carved on a huge rock in the middle of the mountain and is a major feature of Soraesan. There are various sports facilities, reading forests, and strength-building exercise stations build using wooden ropes. It is 5-kilometers away from the summit to the entrance of the Naewonsa Temple. In addition, the Soamcheon mineral spring and Cheongryong mineral spring provide quality water to visitors to the Soraesan forest bath. On a clear day, the summit overlooks the sea near Seoul. 
* Salt fields – It is 136,000 [[square meter|m²]] (450,000 [[pyeong]]) wide. The vividness of barley, the splendor of flowers, and the beautiful ridges of the tidal flats attract many visitors.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}
* [[Oido]] – it is an island on the West Coast region of South Korea's Gyeonggi Province (also known as Gyeonggi-do). Nearby attractions include Oido Paechong ({{Korean|hangul=오이도패총|labels=no}}) and Okgu Park ({{Korean|hangul=옥구공원|labels=no}}), and people can experience mud flat experience, boarding experience, and sea fishing.<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ko:오이도|url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=40942&docId=1251193&categoryId=36070|access-date=2021-03-27|website=terms.naver.com|language=ko}}</ref>
* Wave Park ({{Korean|hangul=웨이브파크|labels=no}}) is a [[water park]] opened in October 2020. Constructed on 166,000 square meters of land the park consists of the world's largest artificial wave pool for [[surfing]] and facilities for enjoying other water sports activities, such as [[canoeing]] and [[scuba diving]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20201008003100315|title=World's largest artificial wave pool opens in S. Korea|publisher=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|date=October 8, 2020|access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref>

==Sister cities==
Siheung is a [[sister city]] to:
*{{flagdeco|PRC}} [[Dezhou]], Shandong, China<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dzsyxx.com/Item/25702.aspx|title=韩国始兴市师生来我校游学访问交流-德州市实验小学|website=www.dzsyxx.com|access-date=April 14, 2020}}</ref>
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]], Minnesota, United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rochestermn.gov/departments/citycouncil/councilmeetings/minutes/102102.htm|title=Regular Adjourned Meeting No. 28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129065420/http://rochestermn.gov/departments/citycouncil/councilmeetings/minutes/102102.htm|archive-date=November 29, 2010}}</ref>
*{{Flagdeco|JP}} [[Hachiōji]], Kantō, Japan<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Local Authorities with Affiliation Agreements|url=http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=13&n=Tokyo%20Metropolitan%20Government|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208004034/http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=13&n=Tokyo%20Metropolitan%20Government|archive-date=February 8, 2012|access-date=November 16, 2020|website=List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures|publisher=Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR)}}</ref>

== {{Anchor|Education of Siheung City}}Education of Siheung ==
[[File:Siheung Eco Buisness Center.jpg|thumb|right|Siheung Eco Business Center]]
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2020}}
There are unique educational programs of Siheung: one involves achieving an innovative education district—since Siheung is a part of Gyeonggi's ''Innovative Education District'' work, it provides many educational programs to the citizens. The city operates the ''Regional-National Linked Training Conference'' and has Village Convergence schools. For students, they provide the ''Siheung Creativity Experience School''. Visiting village teachers in primary and secondary schools can attend the ''Village-linked Creative Education Course'' (elementary school) and other various programs.

Siheung also has more educational programs linked to the local community: first being the ''Youth International Exchange Program''; Siheung has the ''From Siheung to the world! Youth Planning Training'' program in which teenagers plan and prepare schedules for their chosen countries by forming teams on their own and then go abroad for research training; then there is the ''Siheung Dream Tree, To the world! Overseas Visit Experience'' program in which children receive prior education through various subjects such as culture and art, history and embark on field trips. The ''Overseas Visit Experience'' program is based on the idea that with new friends, teenagers can learn and understand difficult subjects through various self-directed learning methods. Lastly, Siheung has a 'sister school' project, aiming to expand international exchange activities by supporting a partnership project between a school in Siheung and a foreign school. The biggest feature is that low-income families who are unable to get a chance to visit overseas due to financial difficulties are given opportunities to participate in international exchange activities. All hopeful schools in the region receive applications throughout the year.

There are also many educational supporting services including facilities for the youth.

==Notable people from Siheung==
* [[Chen (singer)|Chen]], singer-songwriter, member of [[Exo (group)|Exo]] (born in [[Daejeon]] and grew up in Siheung)
* [[Jay B]], singer-songwriter, dancer, actor, and leader of [[Got7]]
* [[Jung Sang-sook]], retired [[para table tennis]] player and silver medalist at the [[2012 Summer Paralympics]]
* [[Gi Hyeong-do|Ki Hyongdo]], poet
* [[Kim Chong-in]], economist and politician
* [[Kim Jinai]], [[urban engineer]] and politician
* [[Kim Yong-san]], businessman
* [[KittiB]], hip hop artist and runner-up of [[Unpretty Rapstar 2]]
* [[Lee Si-woo (volleyball)|Lee Si-woo]], volleyball player
* [[Moon Jong-up]], singer-songwriter, rapper, dancer, model, actor, and former member of [[B.A.P]]
* [[Nam Sang-nam]], former swimmer
* [[Park Seo-ham]], actor, singer, rapper, and former member of [[KNK (band)|KNK]]
* [[Yi Sun-sin (born 1554)|Yi Sun-sin]], [[Military history of Korea|Korean military official]] of the mid-[[Joseon]] period and a general under Admiral [[Yi Sun-sin]] during the [[Imjin War]]
* [[Yoon Chae-kyung]], singer, dancer, actress, member of [[April (girl group)|April]] and former member of [[Puretty]], [[C.I.V.A]] and [[I.B.I]] (born in [[Incheon]] and grew up in Siheung)
* [[Yunchan Lim]], pianist and winner of [[Sixteenth Van Cliburn International Piano Competition]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.siheung.go.kr/english/ City government website]

{{Gyeonggi}}
{{Metropolitan cities of South Korea}} 
{{Most populous cities in South Korea}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Siheung| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Gyeonggi Province]]