Editing Silicon Graphics

{{Short description|1981–2009 American computing company}}
{{About|Silicon Graphics, Inc|the company that acquired its assets|Silicon Graphics International}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Silicon Graphics, Inc.
| logo = [[File:SGI wordmark.svg|160px]]
| type = Public
| traded_as        = {{NYSE was|SGI}}<br />{{OTC Pink was|SGID.pk}}<br />{{NASDAQ was|SGIC}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1981|11|9}}<br />[[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]], [[California]], U.S.<ref name=casos>{{cite web
 | title        = Business Entity Detail
 | url          = http://kepler.sos.ca.gov/
 | work         = Business Search database
 | publisher    = [[California Secretary of State]]
 | access-date  = December 30, 2013
 | url-status   = dead
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150315010639/http://kepler.sos.ca.gov/
 | archive-date = March 15, 2015}}</ref>
| fate = [[Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code|Chapter 11 bankruptcy]]; assets acquired by [[Rackable Systems]], which renamed itself [[Silicon Graphics International|Silicon Graphics International Corp.]]
| defunct = {{end date and age|2009|5|11}}
| location_country = [[Sunnyvale, California|Sunnyvale]], [[California]], U.S.
| key_people = [[James H. Clark|Jim Clark]]<br />[[Wei Yen]]<br />[[Kurt Akeley]]<br />[[Edward R. McCracken|Ed McCracken]]<br />Thomas Jermoluk<br />[[Marc Hannah]]<br />[[Richard Belluzzo|Rick Belluzzo]]
| industry = [[Computer hardware]] and [[software]]
| products = [[High-performance computing]], [[Visualization (graphic)|visualization]] and [[Computer storage|storage]]
}}

'''Silicon Graphics, Inc.''' (stylized as '''SiliconGraphics''' before 1999, later rebranded '''SGI''', historically known as '''Silicon Graphics Computer Systems''' or '''SGCS''') was an American [[high-performance computing]] manufacturer, producing [[computer hardware]] and [[software]]. Founded in [[Mountain View, California]], in November 1981 by [[James H. Clark]], the computer scientist and entrepreneur perhaps best known for founding [[Netscape]] (with [[Marc Andreessen]]).<ref>Not to be confused with the [[James Clark (programmer)|James J. Clark]], the software engineer who was once the namer and technical lead of the work group who developed [[XML]].</ref> Its initial market was [[3D graphics]] [[computer workstation]]s, but its products, strategies and market positions developed significantly over time.

Early systems were based on the [[RealityEngine|Geometry Engine]] that Clark and [[Marc Hannah]] had developed at [[Stanford University]], and were derived from Clark's broader background in [[computer graphics]]. The Geometry Engine was the first [[very-large-scale integration]] (VLSI) implementation of a [[geometry pipeline]], specialized hardware that accelerated the "inner-loop" geometric computations needed to display three-dimensional images. For much of its history, the company focused on 3D imaging and was a major supplier of both hardware and software in this market.

Silicon Graphics reincorporated as a [[Delaware corporation]] in January 1990. Through the mid to late-1990s, the rapidly improving performance of commodity [[Wintel]] machines began to erode SGI's stronghold in the 3D market. The porting of [[Autodesk Maya|Maya]] to other platforms was a major event in this process. SGI made several attempts to address this, including a disastrous move from their existing [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]] platforms to the [[Intel Itanium]], as well as introducing their own [[Linux]]-based [[Intel IA-32]] based workstations and servers that failed in the market. In the mid-2000s the company repositioned itself as a [[supercomputer]] vendor, a move that also failed.

On April 1, 2009, SGI filed for [[Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code|Chapter 11]] bankruptcy protection and announced that it would sell substantially all of its assets to Rackable Systems, a deal finalized on May 11, 2009, with Rackable assuming the name [[Silicon Graphics International]]. The remnants of Silicon Graphics, Inc. became Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc.

==History==
[[File:Silicon Graphics logo.png|thumb|Silicon Graphics logo with distinctive 3D box "bug", used until 1999]]

===Early years===
[[James H. Clark]] left his position as an electrical engineering associate professor at [[Stanford University]] to found SGI in 1982 along with a group of seven graduate students and research staff from Stanford University: [[Kurt Akeley]], [[David J. Brown (computer scientist)|David J. Brown]], [[Tom Davis (scientist)|Tom Davis]], Rocky Rhodes, [[Marc Hannah]], [[Herb Kuta]], and [[Mark Grossman (engineer)|Mark Grossman]];<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer History|last=Bowen|first=Jonathan|date=2001|publisher=[[Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers]], The Moschovitis Group|editor-last=Rojas|editor-first=Raúl|location=New York|pages=709–710|chapter=Silicon Graphics, Inc.|author-link=Jonathan Bowen}}</ref> along with [[Abbey Silverstone]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609020120/http://www.sgi.com/company_info/features/2007/25_anniv.html The First Quarter-Century], Silicon Graphics, 2007.</ref> and a few others.

===Growth===
Ed McCracken was [[CEO]] of Silicon Graphics from 1984 to 1997.<ref name=einstein1029>{{cite news|last=Einstein|first=David|title=McCracken leaves SGI; 700 to 1000 laid off|url=http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/McCracken-leaves-SGI-700-to-1000-laid-off-2824550.php|access-date=December 30, 2013|newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=October 29, 1997}}</ref> During those years, SGI grew from annual revenues of $5.4 million to $3.7 billion.<ref name=einstein1029/>

===Decline===
The addition of 3D graphic capabilities to [[Personal computer|PC]]s, and the ability of clusters of [[Linux]]- and [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]]-based PCs to take on many of the tasks of larger SGI servers, ate into SGI's core markets. The porting of [[Maya (software)|Maya]] to [[Linux]], Mac OS and [[Microsoft Windows]] further eroded the low end of SGI's product line.

In response to challenges faced in the marketplace and a falling share price, [[Ed McCracken]] was fired and SGI brought in [[Richard Belluzzo]] to replace him. Under Belluzzo's leadership a number of initiatives were taken which are considered to have accelerated the corporate decline.<ref>{{cite web
  |title = Microsoft man's shadow over bankrupt SGI
  |author= Andrew Orlowski
  |author-link = Andrew Orlowski
  |date  = May 9, 2006
  |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/05/09/sgi_chapter11_analysis/
  |work=[[The Register]]
  |access-date=February 7, 2015}}</ref>

One such initiative was trying to sell workstations running [[Windows NT]] called [[SGI Visual Workstation|Visual Workstations]] in addition to workstations running [[IRIX]], the company's version of [[UNIX]]. This put the company in even more direct competition with the likes of Dell, making it more difficult to justify a price premium. The product line was unsuccessful and abandoned a few years later.

SGI's premature announcement of its migration from MIPS to Itanium and its abortive ventures into IA-32 architecture systems (the [[SGI Visual Workstation|Visual Workstation]] line, the ex-Intergraph Zx10 range and the SGI 1000-series Linux servers) damaged SGI's credibility in the market.

In 1999, in an attempt to clarify their current market position as more than a graphics company, Silicon Graphics Inc. changed its corporate identity to "SGI", although its legal name was unchanged.

At the same time, SGI announced a new logo consisting of only the letters "sgi" in a proprietary font called "SGI", created by branding and design consulting firm [[Landor Associates]], in collaboration with designer Joe Stitzlein. SGI continued to use the "Silicon Graphics" name for its workstation product line, and later re-adopted the cube logo for some workstation models.

In November 2005, SGI announced that it had been delisted from the [[New York Stock Exchange]] because its common stock had fallen below the minimum share price for listing on the exchange. SGI's [[market capitalization]] dwindled from a peak of over seven [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] dollars in 1995 to just $120 million at the time of delisting. In February 2006, SGI noted that it could run out of cash by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web|title = SGI's Future Could Include Bankruptcy, Sale|url = http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1925129,00.asp|work = ExtremeTech|date = February 10, 2006|access-date = November 12, 2008|archive-date = June 7, 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110607210928/http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1925129,00.asp|url-status = dead}}</ref>

===Re-emergence===
[[File:Googleplexsouthsidesecondangle.jpg|thumb|right|SGI headquarters on Amphitheatre Parkway, after it became the [[Googleplex]], {{Circa|2006}}]]
In mid-2005, SGI hired Alix Partners to advise it on returning to profitability and received a new line of credit. SGI announced it was postponing its scheduled annual December stockholders meeting until March 2006. It proposed a [[reverse stock split]] to deal with the de-listing from the New York Stock Exchange.

In January 2006, SGI hired Dennis McKenna as its new CEO and chairman of the board of directors. Mr. McKenna succeeded [[Robert Bishop (manager)|Robert Bishop]], who remained vice chairman of the board of directors.

On May 8, 2006, SGI announced that it had filed for [[Chapter 11]] bankruptcy protection for itself and U.S. subsidiaries as part of a plan to reduce debt by $250 million.<ref>Patrick Fitzgerald. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114708367971646497 Silicon Graphics Seeks Chapter 11 As Sales Decline] Wall Street Journal, 2006. (subscription required)</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Silicon Graphics Chapter 11 Petition|url=https://www.pacermonitor.com/view/EUOGNXA/Silicon_Graphics_Inc__nysbke-6-10977__0001.0.pdf|website=PacerMonitor|access-date=June 7, 2016}}</ref> Two days later, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court approved its first day [[Motion (legal)|motions]] and its use of a $70 million financing facility provided by a group of its bondholders. Foreign subsidiaries were unaffected.

On September 6, 2006, SGI announced the end of development for the MIPS/IRIX line and the IRIX operating system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sgi.com/support/mips_irix.html |title=End of General Availability for MIPS IRIX Products |access-date=May 2, 2009 |publisher=Silicon Graphics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426090853/http://www.sgi.com/support/mips_irix.html |archive-date=April 26, 2009 }}</ref> Production would end on December 29 and the last orders would be fulfilled by March 2007. Support for these products would end after December 2013.

SGI emerged from bankruptcy protection on October 17, 2006.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.sgi.com/features/2006/october/growth/| title = SGI Emerges Lean, Focused and Ready to Grow| access-date = January 25, 2007| work = SGI Web site}}</ref> Its stock symbol on [[OTC Markets Group|Pink Sheets]] at that point, ''SGID'', was canceled, and new stock was issued on the NASDAQ exchange under the symbol ''SGIC''.<ref>{{cite press release
  |url = http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2006/october/nasdaq.html
  |title = SGI Common Stock to Begin Trading on NASDAQ Under "SGIC"
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120702114600/http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2006/october/nasdaq.html
  |archive-date = July 2, 2012
  |access-date = April 27, 2018
  |date = October 23, 2006
  |publisher = Silicon Graphics
}}</ref> This new stock was distributed to the company's creditors, and the SGID common stockholders were left with worthless shares.<ref>{{cite press release|url = http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2006/july/file_reorg_and_disclosure.html|title = SGI Files Plan of Reorganization and Disclosure Statement|access-date = May 2, 2009|date = July 5, 2006|publisher = Silicon Graphics|url-status=dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081222115410/http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2006/july/file_reorg_and_disclosure.html|archive-date = December 22, 2008}}</ref> At the end of that year, the company moved its headquarters from [[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]] to [[Sunnyvale, California|Sunnyvale]].<ref>{{cite news|title=SGI hermit crabs over to Sunnyvale |publisher=Silicon Graphics|author-link=Ashlee Vance|last=Vance|first=Ashlee|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/01/12/sgi_sunnyvale/|work=[[The Register]]|date=January 12, 2007|access-date=February 26, 2008}}</ref> Its earlier North Shoreline headquarters is now occupied by the [[Computer History Museum]]; the newer Amphitheatre Parkway headquarters was sold to [[Google]] (which had already subleased and moved into the facility in 2003). Both of these locations were award-winning designs by [[Studios Architecture]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://studios.com/projects/computer_history_museum_formerly_sgi/|title=Studios Architecture Computer History Museum (Formerly SGI)|website=studios.com|language=en-US|access-date=October 11, 2017|archive-date=June 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626033732/http://studios.com/projects/computer_history_museum_formerly_sgi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://studios.com/projects/google_headquarters_formerly_sgi_north_charleston_campus/|title=Studios Architecture Googleplex|website=studios.com|language=en-US|access-date=October 11, 2017|archive-date=June 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626014221/http://studios.com/projects/google_headquarters_formerly_sgi_north_charleston_campus/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In April 2008, SGI re-entered the visualization market with the [[SGI Virtu]] range of visualization servers and workstations, which were re-badged systems from [[BOXX Technologies]] based on Intel [[Xeon]] or [[AMD Opteron]] processors and [[Nvidia Quadro]] graphics chipsets, running [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]], [[SUSE Linux Enterprise Server]] or [[Windows Server 2003#Windows Compute Cluster Server|Windows Compute Cluster Server]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hpcwire.com/features/Back_to_the_Future_SGI_Returns_to_Visualization.html|title=Back to the Future: SGI Returns to Visualization|date=April 11, 2008|work=HPCwire|access-date=September 29, 2009}}</ref>

===Final bankruptcy and acquisition by Rackable Systems===
In December 2008, SGI received a delisting notification from [[NASDAQ]], as its market value had been below the minimum $35 million requirement for 10 consecutive trading days, and also did not meet NASDAQ's alternative requirements of a minimum stockholders' equity of $2.5 million or annual net income from continuing operations of $500,000 or more.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2008/december/nasdaq.html
 |title=Silicon Graphics, Inc. Receives NASDAQ Delisting Notification|date=December 8, 2008
 |publisher=Silicon Graphics
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110607121636/http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2008/december/nasdaq.html
 |archive-date = June 7, 2011
 |access-date = April 27, 2018
}}</ref>

On April 1, 2009, SGI filed for Chapter 11 again, and announced that it would sell substantially all of its assets to [[Rackable Systems]] for $25 million.<ref>{{cite press release|url = http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2009/april/rackable.html|title = Rackable Systems Announces Agreement to Acquire Silicon Graphics Inc.|access-date = April 1, 2009|date = April 1, 2009|publisher = Silicon Graphics}}</ref> The sale, ultimately for $42.5 million, was finalized on May 11, 2009; at the same time, Rackable announced their adoption of "Silicon Graphics International" as their global name and brand.<ref>{{cite press release|url = http://www.rackable.com/news/pressrelease.aspx?prid=693|title = Rackable Systems Completes Acquisition of Silicon Graphics Assets|access-date = May 11, 2009|date = May 11, 2009|publisher = [[Rackable Systems]]|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090511040251/http://www.rackable.com/news/pressrelease.aspx?prid=693|archive-date = May 11, 2009|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url = http://www.rackable.com/news/pressrelease.aspx?prid=699|title = Rackable Systems Receives Court Approval to Purchase Silicon Graphics Assets|access-date = May 2, 2009|date = April 30, 2009|publisher = [[Rackable Systems]]|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090514034511/http://www.rackable.com/news/pressrelease.aspx?prid=699|archive-date = May 14, 2009|url-status = dead}}</ref> The Bankruptcy Court scheduled continuing proceedings and hearings for June 3 and 24, 2009, and July 22, 2009.<ref name="Donlin Recano-Docket-2009-05-11">{{cite news| title = Silicon Graphics, Inc., et al.| url = http://www.donlinrecano.com/cases/caseinfo.aspx?cl=sgi| access-date = May 11, 2009| publisher = Donlin Recano & Company}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (selected items from the court docket, Case #	09-11701, United States Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of New York, Judge Martin Glenn)</ref><ref>{{cite news| title = The SGI bankruptcy proceeding: do your own deep dive into the original court documents| url = http://insidehpc.com/2009/05/05/the-sgi-bankruptcy-proceeding-do-your-own-deep-dive-into-the-original-court-documents/| first = John| last = West| work = Inside HPC| date = May 5, 2009| access-date = May 12, 2009}}</ref>{{update after|2009|07|22}}

After the Rackable acquisition, ''Vizworld'' magazine published [http://www.vizworld.com/tag/sgi-bts// a series of six articles that chronicle the downfall of SGI.]

[[Hewlett Packard Enterprise]] acquired Silicon Graphics International in November 2016, which allowed HPE to place the SGI [[Pleiades (supercomputer)|Pleiades]], a [[TOP500]] supercomputer at NASA Ames Research Center, in its portfolio.<ref name="HPE-SGI">{{cite press release
 | url         = https://www.hpe.com/us/en/newsroom/news-archive/press-release/2016/08/1272793-hewlett-packard-enterprise-to-acquire-sgi-to-extend-leadership-in-high-growth-big-data-analytics-and-high-performance-computing.html
 | title       = Hewlett Packard Enterprise to Acquire SGI to Extend Leadership in High-Growth Big Data Analytics and High-Performance Computing
 | accessdate  = 2016-08-11
 | date        = 2024-09-03
 | publisher   = Hewlett Packard Enterprise
 | url-status  = dead
 | archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160911162616/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/newsroom/news-archive/press-release/2016/08/1272793-hewlett-packard-enterprise-to-acquire-sgi-to-extend-leadership-in-high-growth-big-data-analytics-and-high-performance-computing.html
 | archivedate = 2016-09-11}}</ref><ref name="HPE-SGI-done">{{cite press release
 | url         = https://www.hpe.com/us/en/newsroom/news-archive/press-release/2016/11/Hewlett-Packard-Enterprise-Completes-Acquisition-of-SGI.html
 | title       = Hewlett Packard Enterprise Completes Acquisition of SGI
 | accessdate  = 2016-11-01
 | date        = 2024-09-03
 | publisher   = Hewlett Packard Enterprise
 | url-status  = dead
 | archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20161103234625/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/newsroom/news-archive/press-release/2016/11/Hewlett-Packard-Enterprise-Completes-Acquisition-of-SGI.html
 | archivedate = 2016-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 | author     = Iain Thomson
 | title      = OMG: HPE gobbles SGI for HPC. WTF?
 | url        = https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/08/11/hpe_buys_sgi/
 | work       = [[The Register]]
 | date       = 2016-08-11
 | accessdate = 2024-09-03}}</ref><ref name="TOP500 2019">{{cite web|url=http://top500.org/system/177259|title=Pleiades - SGI ICE X, Intel Xeon E5-2670/E5-2680v2/E5-2680v3/E5-2680v4 2.6/2.8/2.5/2.4 GHz, Infiniband FDR |publisher=Top 500, the list|accessdate=March 19, 2020}}</ref>

===Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc. era===
During Silicon Graphics Inc.'s second bankruptcy phase, it was renamed to Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc.(GPHI) in June 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faqs.org/sec-filings/091110/Graphics-Properties-Holdings-Inc_8-K/|title=Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc. - FORM 8-K - November 10, 2009|access-date=April 17, 2015|archive-date=December 4, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204135214/http://www.faqs.org/sec-filings/091110/Graphics-Properties-Holdings-Inc_8-K/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=34343|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717185506/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=34343|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 17, 2010|title=Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc.: Private Company Information - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref>

In 2010, GPHI announced it had won a significant favorable ruling in its litigation with ATI Technologies and AMD in June 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patentlyapple.com/patently-apple/2010/11/former-sgi-files-patent-infringement-lawsuit-against-apple.html|title=Former SGI Files Patent Infringement Lawsuit against Apple - Patently Apple|access-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/cafc/08-1334/08-1334-2011-03-27.pdf|title=United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit SILICON GRAPHICS, INC., Plaintiff-Cross Appellant, v. ATI TECHNOLOGIES, INC., ATI TECHNOLOGIES ULC, AND ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC., Defendants-Appellants. 2008-1334, -1353 Appeals from the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin in Case No. 06-CV-0611, Chief Judge Barbara B. Crabb|website=justia.com|access-date=March 25, 2018}}</ref> following the patent lawsuit originally filed during the Silicon Graphics, Inc. era.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sgi-files-patent-infringement-lawsuit-against-ati-56597242.html|title=SGI Files Patent Infringement Lawsuit Against ATI|author=SGI|date=October 23, 2006|access-date=April 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403124241/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sgi-files-patent-infringement-lawsuit-against-ati-56597242.html|archive-date=April 3, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following the 2008 appeal by ATI over the validity of {{US patent|6,650,327}} ('327) and Silicon Graphics Inc's voluntary dismissal of the {{US patent|6,885,376}} ('376) patent from the lawsuit,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patentlit.com/2008/05/02/silicon-graphics-v-ati-is-a-draw/|title=Welcome patentlit.com - BlueHost.com|access-date=April 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403134630/http://www.patentlit.com/2008/05/02/silicon-graphics-v-ati-is-a-draw/|archive-date=April 3, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Federal Circuit upheld the jury verdict on the validity of GPHI's U.S. Patent No. 6,650,327, and furthermore found that AMD had lost its right to challenge patent validity in future proceedings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itproportal.com/2010/06/09/amd-knocked-back-radeon-patent-spat/|title=AMD knocked back in Radeon patent spat|work=ITProPortal|date=June 9, 2010|access-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref> On January 31, 2011, the District Court entered an order that permits AMD to pursue its invalidity affirmative defense at trial and does not permit SGI to accuse AMD's Radeon R700 series of graphics products of infringement in this case.<ref name="ADVANCED-MICRO-DEVICES-INC-Feb-2011-10-K">{{cite web|url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1771/119312511040392/filing-main.htm |title=ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES INC, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 18, 2011 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date =May 15, 2018}}</ref> On April 18, 2011, GPHI and AMD had entered into a confidential Settlement and License Agreement that resolved this litigation matter for an immaterial amount and that provides immunity under all GPHI patents for alleged infringement by AMD products, including components, software and designs. On April 26, 2011, the Court entered an order granting the parties' agreed motion for dismissal and final judgment.<ref name="ADVANCED-MICRO-DEVICES-INC-Aug-2011-10-Q">{{cite web|url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2640/119312511218202/filing-main.htm |title=ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES INC, Form 10-Q, Quarterly Report, Filing Date Aug 10, 2011 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date =May 15, 2018}}</ref>

In November 2011, GPHI filed another patent infringement lawsuit against Apple Inc. in Delaware involving more patents than their original patent infringement case against Apple last November, for alleged violation of U.S. patents 6,650,327 ('327), {{US patent|6,816,145}} ('145) and {{US patent|5,717,881}} ('881).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patentlyapple.com/patently-apple/2011/11/its-war-former-sgi-surprises-apple-with-another-patent-infringement-lawsuit.html|title=It's War: Former SGI Surprises Apple with another Patent Infringement Lawsuit - Patently Apple|access-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref>

In 2012, GPHI filed lawsuit against Apple, Sony, HTC Corp, LG Electronics Inc. and Samsung Electronics Co., Research in Motion Ltd. for allegedly violating patent relating to a computer graphics process that turns text and images into pixels to be displayed on screens. Affected devices include Apple iPhone, HTC EVO4G, LG Thrill, Research in Motion Torch, Samsung Galaxy S and Galaxy S II, and Sony Xperia Play smartphones.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/business-technology/apple-rim-get-patent-trolled-by-remnants-of-silicon-graphics/article2383034/print/|title=Apple, RIM get patent trolled by remnants of Silicon Graphics|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=April 17, 2015|archive-date=March 31, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331033129/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/business-technology/apple-rim-get-patent-trolled-by-remnants-of-silicon-graphics/article2383034/print/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/graphicsproperties-patent-lawsuits-idUKL2E8ERKXC20120327|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203221914/https://uk.reuters.com/article/graphicsproperties-patent-lawsuits-idUKL2E8ERKXC20120327|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 3, 2018|title=UPDATE 2-Apple, Sony, 4 others sued by Graphics Properties|work=Reuters UK|date=March 27, 2012|access-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://morrisjames.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/graphics-properties-holdings-inc-v-samsung-electronics-co-ltd-et-al.pdf|title=Case 1:99-mc-09999 Document 248 GRAPHICS PROPERTIES HOLDINGS, INC., Plaintiff, v. SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD, SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS AMERICA, INC. and SAMSUNG TELECOMMUNICATIONS AMERICA, LLC Defendants.|website=wordpress.com|access-date=March 25, 2018}}</ref>

* {{US patent|6,650,327}} - 1998 Display system having floating point rasterization and floating point ..
* {{US patent|6,885,376}} - 2002 System, method, and computer program product for near-real time load ..
* {{US patent|6,816,145}} - 1998 Large area wide aspect ratio flat panel monitor having high resolution for ..
* {{US patent|5,717,881}} - 1995 Data processing system for processing one and two parcel instructions

==Technology==

===Motorola 680x0-based systems===
SGI's first generation products, starting with the [[SGI IRIS|IRIS]] (Integrated Raster Imaging System) 1000 series of high-performance graphics terminals, were based on the [[Motorola 68000]] family of [[microprocessor]]s.<ref name=iris_terminal_guide_v1.3>{{cite web|url=http://www.typewritten.org/Articles/SGI/5001-020-001-3.pdf|title=IRIS Terminal Guide V1.3|publisher=SGI|date=1984|access-date=2024-09-03}}</ref><ref name=irix_info_page>{{Cite web|title=IRIX Info Page|url=http://umips.net/irix/index.html|access-date=2024-09-03|website=umips.net}}</ref> The later IRIS 2000 and 3000 models developed into full [[UNIX]] [[workstation]]s.<ref name="sgi/iptable">{{cite web|url=https://hardware.majix.org/computers/sgi/iptable.shtml|title=SGI IP Table|access-date=2024-09-03}}</ref>

====IRIS 1000 series====
The first entries in the 1000 series (models 1000 and 1200, introduced in 1984) were graphics terminals, peripherals to be connected to a general-purpose computer such as a [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] [[VAX]], to provide graphical [[raster graphics|raster display]] abilities. They used 8&nbsp;MHz Motorola 68000 CPUs with {{nowrap|768 kB}} of RAM and had no [[disk drive]]s. They booted over the network<ref name=iris_terminal_guide_v1.3/> (via an [[Excelan]] EXOS/101 Ethernet card) from their controlling computer. They used the "PM1" CPU board, which was a variant of the board that was used in [[Stanford University]]'s [[SUN workstation]] and later in the [[Sun-1]] workstation from [[Sun Microsystems]]. The graphics system was composed of the GF1 [[frame buffer]], the UC3 "Update Controller", DC3 "Display Controller", and the BP2 bitplane. The 1000-series machines were designed around the [[Multibus]] standard.

Later 1000-series machines, the 1400 and 1500, ran at 10&nbsp;MHz and had 1.5 MB of RAM. The 1400 had a 72 MB [[ST-506]] disk drive, while the 1500 had a 474 MB SMD-based disk drive with a [[Xylogics]] 450 disk controller. They may have used the PM2 CPU and PM2M1 RAM board from the 2000 series.<ref name=irix_info_page/> The usual monitor for the 1000 series ran at 30&nbsp;Hz [[interlaced]]. Six beta-test units of the 1400 workstation were produced, and the first production unit (SGI's first commercial computer) was shipped to Carnegie-Mellon University's Electronic Imaging Laboratory in 1984.

====IRIS 2000 and 3000 series====
[[File:SGI-geometry-engine-chip.jpg|thumb|Geometry Engine chip from an IRIS 3120]]

SGI rapidly developed its machines into workstations with its second product line — the IRIS 2000 series, first released in August 1985.<ref>{{cite web| title = Iris 2000 Systems| publisher = SGIstuff.net| author = Gerhard Lenerz| url = http://www.sgistuff.net/hardware/systems/iris2000.html| access-date = January 4, 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120218035434/http://www.sgistuff.net/hardware/systems/iris2000.html| archive-date = February 18, 2012| url-status=dead}}</ref> SGI began using the [[UNIX System V]] [[operating system]]. There were five models in two product ranges, the 2000/2200/2300/2400/2500 range which used [[Motorola 68010|68010 CPUs]] (the PM2 CPU module), and the later "Turbo" systems, the 2300T, 2400T and 2500T, which had [[Motorola 68020|68020s]] (the IP2 CPU module). All used the Excelan EXOS/201 Ethernet card, the same graphics hardware (GF2 Frame Buffer, UC4 Update Controller, DC4 Display Controller, BP3 Bitplane). Their main differences were the CPU, RAM, and [[Weitek]] [[Math coprocessor|Floating Point Accelerator]] boards, disk controllers and disk drives (both [[ST-506]] and [[Storage Module Device|SMD]] were available). These could be upgraded, for example from a 2400 to a 2400T. The 2500 and 2500T had a larger chassis, a standard 6' 19" EIA rack with space at the bottom for two SMD disk drives weighing approximately {{nowrap|68 kg}} each.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/sgi/iris/IRIS_FAQ.txt| title=Silicon Graphics IRIS 2000/3000 FAQ| website=BitSavers}}</ref> The non-Turbo models used the [[Multibus]] for the CPU to communicate with the floating point accelerator, while the Turbos added a ribbon cable dedicated for this. 60&nbsp;Hz monitors were used for the 2000 series.

The height of the machines using Motorola CPUs was reached with the IRIS 3000 series (models 3010/3020/3030 and 3110/3115/3120/3130, the 30s both being full-size rack machines). They used the same graphics subsystem and Ethernet as the 2000s, but could also use up to 12 "geometry engines", the first widespread use of hardware graphics accelerators. The standard monitor was a 19" 60&nbsp;Hz non-interlaced unit with a tilt/swivel base; 19" 30&nbsp;Hz interlaced and a 15" 60&nbsp;Hz non-interlaced (with tilt/swivel base) were also available.

The IRIS 3130 and its smaller siblings were impressive for the time, being complete [[UNIX]] workstations. The 3130 was powerful enough to support a complete 3D animation and rendering package without mainframe support. With large capacity hard drives by standards of the day (two 300 MB drives), streaming tape and Ethernet, it could be the centerpiece of an animation operation.

The line was formally discontinued in November 1989, with about 3,500 systems shipped of all 2000 and 3000 models combined.<ref>{{cite web|title=Silicon Graphics IRIS 2000/3000 FAQ|author=Jonathan Levine|url=http://www.sgistuff.net/mirrors/irisfaq/index.php |access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref>

===RISC era===
With the introduction of the IRIS 4D series, SGI switched to [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]] microprocessors. These machines were more powerful and came with powerful on-board floating-point capability. As 3D graphics became more popular in television and film during this time, these systems were responsible for establishing much of SGI's reputation.

SGI produced a broad range of MIPS-based workstations and servers during the 1990s, running SGI's version of UNIX System V, now called [[IRIX]]. These included the massive Onyx visualization systems, the size of refrigerators and capable of supporting up to 64 processors while managing up to three streams of high resolution, fully realized 3D graphics.

In October 1991, MIPS announced the first commercially available [[64-bit]] microprocessor, the [[R4000]]. SGI used the R4000 in its [[SGI Crimson|Crimson]] workstation. IRIX 6.2 was the first fully 64-bit IRIX release, including 64-bit pointers.

To secure the supply of future generations of MIPS microprocessors (the 64-bit [[R4000]]), SGI acquired the company in 1992<ref>PC Magazine. "[https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=SGI&i=51221,00.asp SGI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014163218/http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0%2C2542%2Ct%3DSGI%26i%3D51221%2C00.asp |date=October 14, 2012 }}." Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref> for $333 million<ref name=CHM>Computer History Museum. "[http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/story/219 Silicon Graphics Professional IRIS 4D/50GT]." Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref><ref>Cate Corcoran (March 16, 1992), MIPS, Silicon merger could kill ACE/ARC, ''InfoWorld'', pp. 1 and 107. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref> and renamed it as MIPS Technologies Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of SGI.<ref>Cate Corcoran (March 16, 1992), MIPS, Silicon merger could kill ACE/ARC, InfoWorld, p. 107. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref>

In 1993, Silicon Graphics (SGI) signed a deal with [[Nintendo]] to develop the [[Reality Coprocessor]] (RCP) [[GPU]] used in the [[Nintendo 64]] (N64) video game console. The deal was signed in early 1993, and it was later made public in August of that year.<ref>{{cite journal|title=75 Power Players: The Outsiders|journal=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]|issue=11|publisher=[[Imagine Media]]|date=November 1995|pages=61–62}}</ref> The console itself was later released in 1996. The RCP was developed by SGI's Nintendo Operations department, led by engineer [[Wei Yen|Dr. Wei Yen]]. In 1997, twenty SGI employees, led by Yen, left SGI and founded [[ArtX]] (later acquired by [[ATI Technologies]] in 2000).<ref name="It's Alive">{{cite web | title=It's Alive! | date=March 12, 1999 | publisher=IGN | url=http://www.ign.com/articles/1999/03/13/its-alive-3 | access-date=June 25, 2014}}</ref>

In 1998, SGI relinquished some ownership of MIPS Technologies, Inc in a [[Reverse IPO|Re-IPO]], and fully divested itself in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|title=SGI and MIPS Technologies Announce Spin-Off of MIPS Shares. - Free Online Library|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/SGI+and+MIPS+Technologies+Announce+Spin-Off+of+MIPS+Shares.-a062436955|website=www.thefreelibrary.com|access-date=January 7, 2018|archive-date=January 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108062709/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/SGI+and+MIPS+Technologies+Announce+Spin-Off+of+MIPS+Shares.-a062436955|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the late 1990s, when much of the industry expected the [[Itanium]] to replace both [[Complex instruction set computer|CISC]] and [[Reduced instruction set computer|RISC]] architectures in non-embedded computers, SGI announced their intent to phase out MIPS in their systems. Development of new MIPS microprocessors stopped, and the existing [[R12000]] design was extended multiple times until 2003 to provide existing customers more time to migrate to Itanium.

In August 2006, SGI announced the end of production for MIPS/IRIX systems,<ref>
[http://www.sgi.com/support/mips_irix.html End of General Availability for MIPS IRIX Products] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307153053/http://www.sgi.com/support/mips_irix.html |date=March 7, 2008 }} at sgi.com</ref> and by the end of the year MIPS/IRIX products were no longer generally available from SGI.

===IRIS GL and OpenGL===
Until the second generation Onyx [[RealityEngine|Reality Engine]] machines, SGI offered access to its high performance 3D graphics subsystems through a proprietary [[Application programming interface|API]] known as ''IRIS Graphics Library'' ([[IRIS GL]]). As more features were added over the years, IRIS GL became harder to maintain and more cumbersome to use. In 1992, SGI decided to clean up and reform IRIS GL and made the bold move of allowing the resulting [[OpenGL]] API to be cheaply licensed by SGI's competitors, and set up an industry-wide consortium to maintain the OpenGL standard (the OpenGL Architecture Review Board).<ref name=seddon>{{cite book|title=OpenGL Game Development|page=43|chapter=History of OpenGL|author=Seddon, Chris|publisher=Wordware|year=2005|isbn=1-55622-989-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ahb5bqeLROAC&q=IRIS+GL&pg=PA43}}</ref><ref name=kilgard>{{cite web|author=Kilgard, Mark|url=https://www.slideshare.net/Mark_Kilgard/sigraph-asia-2008-modern-opengl-presentation/13-13OpenGLs_PrehistoryIRIS_GL_1Window_system|title=OpenGL Prehistory: IRIS GL (slide from SIGGRAPH talk)|website=www.slideshare.net|year=2008}}</ref><ref name=sgiopengl>{{cite web|url=http://www.sgi.com/products/software/opengl/overview.html|title=SGI – OpenGL Overview|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041031094901/http://www.sgi.com/products/software/opengl/overview.html|archive-date=October 31, 2004|access-date=August 20, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="g926">{{cite web|last1=Peddie|first1=Jon|title=Who's the Fairest of Them All?|url=http://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2012/Volume-35-Issue-4-June-July-2012/Who-s-the-Fairest-of-Them-All-.aspx|publisher=Computer Graphics World|access-date=August 20, 2024|date=July 2012}}</ref><ref name=openglkhronos>{{Cite web|date=July 31, 2006|title=OpenGL ARB to Pass Control of OpenGL Specification to Khronos Group|url=https://www.khronos.org/news/press/opengl_arb_to_pass_control_of_opengl_specification_to_khronos_group|access-date=August 20, 2024|website=The Khronos Group|language=en}}</ref>

This meant that for the first time, fast, efficient, cross-platform graphics programs could be written.<ref name=seddon/><ref name=kilgard/><ref name=sgiopengl/><ref name="g926"/><ref name=openglkhronos/> For over 20 years – until the introduction of the [[Vulkan|Vulkan API]]<ref name=vulkan1.0>{{cite web
  | url       = https://www.khronos.org/news/press/khronos-releases-vulkan-1-0-specification
| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211020/https://www.khronos.org/news/press/khronos-releases-vulkan-1-0-specification
| archive-date=2021-10-20  | title     = Khronos Releases Vulkan 1.0 Specification
  | date      = February 16, 2016
  | website   = Khronos.org
  | publisher = Khronos Group Press Release}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 2, 2015|title=Vulkan|url=https://developer.nvidia.com/vulkan| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211020/https://developer.nvidia.com/vulkan| archive-date=2021-10-20|access-date=2024-09-01|website=NVIDIA Developer|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vulkan®|url=https://gpuopen.com/vulkan/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211020/https://gpuopen.com/vulkan/| archive-date=2021-10-20|access-date=2024-09-01|website=GPUOpen|language=en-GB}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Developing 3D Graphics with Vulkan on Mobile|url=https://developer.qualcomm.com/blog/developing-3d-graphics-vulkan-mobile| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211020/https://developer.qualcomm.com/blog/developing-3d-graphics-vulkan-mobile| archive-date=2021-10-20|access-date=2024-09-01|website=Qualcomm Developer Network|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> –  OpenGL remained the only real-time 3D graphics standard to be portable across a variety of operating systems.<ref name=seddon/><ref name=kilgard/><ref name=sgiopengl/><ref name="g926"/><ref name=openglkhronos/>

===ACE Consortium===
{{main|Advanced Computing Environment}}

SGI was part of the Advanced Computing Environment initiative, formed in the early 1990s with 20 other companies, including [[Compaq]], [[Digital Equipment Corporation]], [[MIPS Computer Systems]], [[Groupe Bull]], [[Siemens AG|Siemens]], [[NEC Corporation|NEC]], [[NeTpower]], [[Microsoft]] and [[Santa Cruz Operation]].<ref>{{cite news 
 | first = 
 | last = 
 | authorlink = John Markoff
 | author = John Markoff
 | title =  New Computer Alliance Forms
 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE2DA1438F93BA35757C0A967958260
 | work = The New York Times
 | date = 1991-04-08
 | accessdate = 2024-09-01
 | url-access = limited
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news 
 | title =  New breed of computers based on new standard UNIX/RISC software debuts: Compaq's Rod Canion says 'ACE' destined to be environment of choice for the 1990s.
 | publisher = Software Industry Report
 | url = http://www.allbusiness.com/technology/computer-software/157919-1.html
 | date = 1991-04-15
 | accessdate = 2024-09-01
}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021}}</ref><ref name="digitalnews19910429_sgi">{{ cite magazine | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_digital-news_1991-04-29_6_9/page/n99/mode/1up | title=SGI's McCracken: From leading edge to mass market | magazine=Digital News | date=29 April 1991 | access-date=1 September 2024 | last1=Heichler | first1=Elizabeth | pages=94 |volume=6 |issue=9}}</ref><ref name="computerworld19910415_lineup">{{ cite magazine | url=https://archive.org/details/computerworld2515unse/page/7/mode/1up | title=Outsiders don't fear ACE | magazine=Computerworld | date=15 April 1991 | access-date=1 September 2024 | last1=Savage | first1=J. A. | pages=7 | volume=XXV | issue=15 }}</ref> Its intent was to introduce workstations based on the [[MIPS architecture]] and able to run [[Windows NT]] and [[SCO UNIX]].<ref name="arc">{{cite book | url=ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/doc/ARC/riscspec.pdf | title=Advanced RISC Computing Specification Version 1.2 | publisher=MIPS Technology Inc. | date=1992 | access-date=1 September 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="computerworld19910415_abc">{{ cite magazine | url=https://archive.org/details/computerworld2515unse/page/6/mode/1up | title=ABCs of ACE | magazine=Computerworld | date=15 April 1991 | access-date=1 September 2024 | last1=Johnson | first1=Maryfran | pages=6 | volume=XXV |issue=15}}</ref> The group produced the [[Advanced RISC Computing]] (ARC) specification,<ref name="arc"/> but began to unravel little more than a year after its formation.<ref name="computerworld19920504_ace">{{ cite magazine | url=https://archive.org/details/computerworld2618unse/page/105/mode/1up | title=Compaq exits ACE, posts dismal quarterly revenue | magazine=Computerworld | date=4 May 1992 | access-date=1 September 2024 | last1=Hildebrand | first1=Carol | pages=105 |volume=XXVI |issue=18}}</ref><ref name="computerworld19920127_compaq">{{ cite magazine | url=https://archive.org/details/computerworld264unse/page/4/mode/1up | title=Compaq, SGI call it quits | magazine=Computerworld | date=27 January 1992 | access-date=1 September 2024 | last1=Hildebrand | first1=Carol | pages=4 |volume=XXVI | issue=4}}</ref>

===Entertainment industry===
For eight consecutive years (1995–2002), all films nominated for an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for Distinguished Achievement in Visual Effects were created on Silicon Graphics computer systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digitalcontentproducer.com/news/video_sgi_sweeps_academy|title=News, Features, Reviews, Forums and Resources for the Professional Content Creator - Creative Planet Network|website=Creative Planet Network|access-date=March 25, 2018}}</ref> The technology was also used in commercials for a host of companies.

An [[SGI Crimson]] system with the fsn<ref>[http://www.siliconbunny.com/fsn-the-irix-3d-file-system-tool-from-jurassic-park/ FSN — File System Navigator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208105356/http://www.siliconbunny.com/fsn-the-irix-3d-file-system-tool-from-jurassic-park/ |date=February 8, 2014 }} at siliconbunny.com</ref> [[3D computer graphics|three-dimensional]] file system navigator appeared in the 1993 movie ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sgistuff.net/funstuff/hollywood/jpark.html|title=sgistuff.net|author=Gerhard Lenerz|access-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref>

In the movie ''[[Twister (1996 film)|Twister]]'', protagonists can be seen using an SGI laptop computer; however, the unit shown was not an actual working computer, but rather a fake laptop shell built around an SGI Corona LCD flat screen display.<ref>[http://www.bftr.com/Pages/projects/twister.html Banned From the Ranch Entertainment&nbsp;— Twister] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820193238/http://www.bftr.com/Pages/projects/twister.html |date=August 20, 2008 }} at bftr.com.</ref>

The 1995 film ''[[Congo (film)|Congo]]'' also features an SGI laptop computer being used by Dr. Ross ([[Laura Linney]]) to communicate via satellite to TraviCom HQ.<ref>[http://www.siliconbunny.com/silicon-graphics-laptops/ SGI Laptops] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109195246/http://www.siliconbunny.com/silicon-graphics-laptops/ |date=November 9, 2018 }} at siliconbunny.com</ref>

The purple, lowercased "'''sgi'''" logo can be seen at the beginning of the opening credits of the [[HBO]] series [[Silicon Valley (TV series)|''Silicon Valley'']], before being taken down and replaced by the [[Google]] logo as the intro graphics progress.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Kayla |last=Cobb |date=June 20, 2016 |title=Tracking The Changing Opening Credits Of 'Silicon Valley' |website=Decider |url=https://decider.com/2016/06/20/tracking-silicon-valley-opening-credits/ |access-date=September 3, 2024}}</ref> Google leased the former SGI buildings in 2003 for their headquarters in [[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]], CA until they purchased the buildings outright in 2006.<ref>{{cite news
| first=Stefanie
| last=Olsen
| title=Google's movin' on up with Sujeet Kumar and Manohar Patti
| url=http://news.cnet.com/Googles+movin+on+up/2110-1032_3-1025111.html
| work=CNET News.com
| publisher=CNET Networks, Inc.
| date=July 13, 2003
| access-date=September 3, 2024
| archive-date=February 5, 2021
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205011749/https://www.cnet.com/news/
| url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| first=Elinor
| last=Mills
| title=Google buying its Mountain View, Calif., property
| url=http://news.cnet.com/2061-10812_3-6083899.html
| archive-url=https://archive.today/20140706213948/http://news.cnet.com/2061-10812_3-6083899.html
| url-status=dead
| archive-date=July 6, 2014
| work=CNET News.com
| publisher=CNET Networks, Inc.
| date=January 19, 2006
| access-date=September 3, 2024
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url= http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-15621514_ITM
| title= Google to purchase Mountain View buildings
| work= San Jose Mercury News
| date= June 14, 2006
| publisher= AccessMyLibrary
| access-date= September 3, 2024
| first= Katherine
| last= Conrad
| archive-date= January 12, 2009
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090112075928/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-15621514_ITM
| url-status= live
}}</ref>

Once inexpensive PCs began to have graphics performance close to the more expensive specialized graphical workstations which were SGI's core business, SGI shifted its focus to high performance servers for [[digital video]] and the Web. Many SGI graphics engineers left to work at other computer graphics companies such as [[ATI Technologies|ATI]] and [[Nvidia]], contributing to the PC 3D graphics revolution.

===Free software===
SGI was a promoter of [[free software]],{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} supporting several projects such as [[Linux kernel|Linux]] and [[Samba (software)|Samba]], and opening some of its own previously proprietary code such as the [[XFS]] filesystem and the [[Open64]] compiler.

SGI was also important in its contribution to the C++ [[Standard Template Library]] (STL) with many useful extensions in the [[MIT License|MIT-like licensed]] SGI STL implementation. The extension keeps being carried by the direct descendant [[STLport]] and GNU's [[libstdc++]].<ref>{{cite web |title=SGI Standard Template Library Programmer's Guide |url=https://www.boost.org/sgi/stl/index.html |access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref>

===Acquisition of Alias, Wavefront, Cray and Intergraph===
In 1995, SGI purchased Alias Research, [[Kroyer Films]], and [[Wavefront Technologies]] in a deal totaling approximately $500 million and merged the companies into Alias|Wavefront. In June 2004 SGI sold the business, later renamed to [[Alias Systems Corporation|Alias/Wavefront]], to the private equity investment firm Accel-[[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts|KKR]] for $57.5 million.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=<!-- no author specified --> |date=May 2004 |title=Accel-KKR to acquire SGI's Alias |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A118341586/ITOF?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-ITOF&xid=233d2a73 |magazine=Asia Image |publisher=Reed Business Information |volume=9 |issue=4 |page=8 |issn=0219-6158 |access-date=July 1, 2023 |via=Gale General OneFile (Wikipedia Library)}}</ref> In October 2005, [[Autodesk]] announced that it signed a definitive agreement to acquire Alias for $182 million in cash.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Autodesk acquires Alias |work= PC World |date= October 4, 2005 |first= Peter |last= Cohen |url= http://www.macworld.com/article/1047264/alias.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/item?linkID=14271593&id=5983502&siteID=123112 |work= Press Release |title= Autodesk Signs Definitive Agreement to Acquire Alias |publisher= Autodesk |date= October 4, 2005 |access-date= September 3, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131004223743/http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/item?linkID=14271593&id=5983502&siteID=123112 |archive-date= 2013-10-04 |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=January 2006|first=TVTechnology 13|title=Autodesk completes acquisition of Alias|url=https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/autodesk-completes-acquisition-of-alias|access-date=2024-09-03|website=TVTechnology|date=13 January 2006 |language=en}}</ref>

In February 1996, SGI purchased the well-known [[supercomputer]] manufacturer [[Cray Research]] for $740 million,<ref>David Einstein, [https://www.forbes.com/2000/03/03/mu4.html Could SGI Be A Takeover Target?] Forbes, March 2000.
</ref> and began to use marketing names such as "CrayLink" for (SGI-developed) technology integrated into the SGI server line. Three months later, it sold the [[Cray Business Systems Division]], responsible for the [[CS6400]] SPARC/Solaris server, to [[Sun Microsystems]] for an undisclosed amount (acknowledged later by a Sun executive to be "significantly less than $100 million").<ref>{{cite press release
  |title= Sun Microsystems announces intent to purchase Cray Business Systems Division
  |publisher= Sun Microsystems
  |date= May 17, 1996
  |url= http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sun+Microsystems+Announces+Intent+to+Purchase+Cray+Business+Systems...-a018293601
  |access-date= March 20, 2011
  |archive-date= October 23, 2012
  |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121023113441/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sun+Microsystems+Announces+Intent+to+Purchase+Cray+Business+Systems...-a018293601
  |url-status= dead
  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 | author1 = Lisa DiCarlo 
 | title = Sun's Purchase Of Cray's Unix Server Business
 | url = https://www.forbes.com/2002/05/06/0506sun.html
 | work = [[Forbes]]
 | date = 2002-05-06
 | access-date = 2019-01-24
}}</ref> Many of the [[Cray T3E]] engineers designed and developed the [[SGI Altix]] and [[NUMAlink]] technology. SGI sold the Cray brand and product lines to [[Tera Computer Company]] on March 31, 2000, for $35 million plus one million shares.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/2002/11/18/focus2.html | first=M. Sharon | last=Baker | title=Cray is making a name for itself in the world of supercomputers | date=November 17, 2002}}</ref> SGI also distributed its remaining interest in MIPS Technologies through a spin-off effective June 20, 2000.

In September 2000, SGI acquired the Zx10 series of Windows workstations and servers from [[Intergraph|Intergraph Computer Systems]] (for a rumored $100 million), and rebadged them as SGI systems. The product line was discontinued in June 2001.

===SGI Visual Workstations===
Another attempt by SGI in the late 1990s to introduce its own family of Intel-based workstations running [[Windows NT]] or [[Red Hat Linux]] (see also [[SGI Visual Workstation]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dccmag.com/1999/08/06/sgi-320-nt-workstation-includes-striking-differences/|title=SGI 320 NT Workstation Includes Striking Differences|last=Bolkan|first=J.V.|date=6 August 1999|website=DCC Mag|accessdate=1 September 2024}}</ref><ref name=vw540_man_it>{{cite web
| title = Silicon Graphics 540™ Visual Workstation Manuale dell'utente
| language  = it
| url   = https://archive.org/details/manualzilla-id-6152636/page/166/mode/1up
| publisher = Silicon Graphics
| date  = 1999
}}</ref><ref name=ntmagau_1999_11>{{cite magazine
| url      = https://archive.org/details/windows_nt_australia_magazine-1999_11/page/n23/mode/1up
| date     = November 1999
| magazine = Windows NT Australia
| pages     = 24–25
| title    = Silicon Graphics 320
| issue    = 10
| first    = Bill
| last     = O'Brien
}}</ref><ref name=lmag2001_03>{{cite magazine
| url      = https://archive.org/details/eu_Linux_Magazine_2001-03-US/page/n17/mode/1up?q=sgi+visual+workstation
| magazine = [[Linux Magazine]]
| date     = March 2001
| pages     = 16–17
| first    = Jason
| last     = Perlow
| issue    = 
| title    = SGI 330 Packs a Punch
}}</ref><ref name=pcw1999_12>{{cite magazine
| url = https://archive.org/details/PersonalComputerWorldMagazine/PCW%20199912%20December%20Created%20From%20PCW%20Cover%20CD/page/n38/mode/1up
| magazine = [[Personal Computer World]]
| date     = December 1999
| first    = Roger
| last     = Gann
| title    = SGI 540 Workstation
| page     = 78
}}</ref> proved to be a financial disaster, and shook customer confidence in SGI's commitment to its own MIPS-based line.

===Switch to Itanium===
In 1998, SGI announced that future generations of its machines would be based not on their own MIPS processors, but the upcoming "super-chip" from [[Intel]], code-named "Merced" and later called [[Itanium]]. Funding for its own high-end processors was reduced, and it was planned that the [[R10000]] would be the last MIPS mainstream processor. [[MIPS Technologies]] would focus entirely on the embedded market, where it was having some success, and SGI would no longer have to fund development of a CPU that, since the failure of [[Advanced RISC Computing|ARC]], found use only in their own machines. This plan quickly went awry. As early as 1999, it was clear the Itanium was going to be delivered very late and would have nowhere near the performance originally expected. As the production delays increased, MIPS' existing R10000-based machines grew increasingly uncompetitive. It was eventually forced to introduce faster MIPS processors, the [[R10000#R12000|R12000]], [[R10000#R14000|R14000]] and [[R10000#R16000|R16000]], which were used in a series of models from 1999 through 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1999-02-26|title=SGI Brings 300 MHz MIPS R12000 Processor to Octane Wkstn Line|url=https://www.hpcwire.com/1999/02/26/sgi-brings-300-mhz-mips-r12000-processor-octane-wkstn-line/|access-date=2020-08-02|website=HPCwire|language=en-US}}</ref>

SGI's first Itanium-based system was the short-lived SGI 750 workstation, launched in 2001. SGI's MIPS-based systems were not to be superseded until the launch of the [[Itanium 2]]-based [[SGI Altix|Altix]] servers and [[SGI Prism|Prism]] workstations some time later. Unlike the MIPS systems, which ran [[IRIX]], the Itanium systems used [[SuSE Linux|SuSE Linux Enterprise Server]] with SGI enhancements as their [[operating system]]. SGI used [[Transitive Corporation]]'s [[QuickTransit]] software to allow their old MIPS/IRIX applications to run (in emulation) on the new Itanium/Linux platform.

In the server market, the Itanium 2-based Altix eventually replaced the MIPS-based Origin product line. In the workstation market, the switch to Itanium was not completed before SGI exited the market.

The Altix was the most powerful computer in the world in 2006, assuming that a "computer" is defined as a collection of hardware running under a single instance of an operating system. The Altix had 512 Itanium processors running under a single instance of [[Linux]]. A cluster of 20 machines was then the eighth-fastest [[supercomputer]]. All faster supercomputers were clusters, but none have as many [[FLOPS]] per machine. However, more recent supercomputers are very large clusters of machines that are individually less capable. SGI acknowledged this and in 2007 moved away from the "massive [[Non-Uniform Memory Access|NUMA]]" model to clusters.

===Switch to Xeon===
Although SGI continued to market Itanium-based machines, its more recent machines were based on the Intel [[Xeon]] processor. The first Altix XE systems were relatively low-end machines, but by December 2006 the XE systems were more capable than the Itanium machines by some measures (e.g., power consumption in FLOPS/W, density in FLOPS/m<sup>3</sup>, cost/FLOPS). The XE1200 and XE1300 servers used a cluster architecture. This was a departure from the pure NUMA architectures of the earlier Itanium and MIPS servers.

In June 2007, SGI announced the Altix ICE 8200, a blade-based Xeon system with up to 512 Xeon cores per rack.<ref>{{cite press release| title = SGI Unveils Ultra-Dense SGI Altix ICE Blade Platform Purpose-Built for High-Performance Computing| publisher = SGI| date = June 26, 2006| url = http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2007/june/altix_ice.html| access-date = November 26, 2007| url-status=dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071022072329/http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2007/june/altix_ice.html| archive-date = October 22, 2007}}</ref> An Altix ICE 8200 installed at New Mexico Computing Applications Center (with 14336 processors) ranked at number 3 on the TOP500 list of November 2007.

==User base and core market==
Conventional wisdom holds that SGI's core market has traditionally been [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] visual effects studios. In fact, SGI's largest [[revenue]] has always been generated by government and defense applications, energy, and scientific and technical computing.<ref>Silicon Graphics [http://www.sgi.com/company_info/federal/sewp.html "SGI SEWP Contracts"] Retrieved November 11, 2011.</ref> In one case Silicon Graphics' largest single sale ever was to the [[United States Postal Service]]. SGI's servers powered an [[artificial intelligence]] program to mechanically read, tag and sort the mail (hand-written and block) at a number of USPS's key mail centers. The rise of cheap yet powerful commodity workstations running [[Linux]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] and [[Mac OS X]], and the availability of diverse professional software for them, effectively pushed SGI out of the visual effects industry in all but the most [[niche market]]s.

==High-end server market==
SGI continued to enhance its line of servers (including some [[supercomputer]]s) based on the [[SN architecture]]. SN, for Scalable Node, is a technology developed by SGI in the mid-1990s that uses [[Non-Uniform Memory Access#Cache coherent NUMA (ccNUMA)|cache-coherent non-uniform memory access]] (cc-NUMA). In an SN system, processors, memory, and a bus- and memory-controller are coupled together into an entity called a node, usually on a single [[circuit board]]. Nodes are connected by a high-speed interconnect called [[NUMAlink]] (originally marketed as [[CrayLink]]). There is no [[internal bus]], and instead access between processors, memory, and [[I/O]] devices is done through a [[switched fabric]] of links and [[router (computing)|router]]s.

Thanks to the cache coherence of the [[distributed shared memory]], SN systems scale along several axes at once: as CPU count increases, so does memory capacity, I/O capacity, and system [[bisection bandwidth]]. This allows the combined memory of all the nodes to be accessed under a single [[Operating system|OS]] image using standard [[shared-memory synchronization]] methods. This makes an SN system far easier to program and able to achieve higher sustained-to-peak performance than non-cache-coherent systems like conventional [[cluster computing|clusters]] or [[massively parallel computer]]s which require applications code to be written (or re-written) to do explicit [[message-passing]] communication between their nodes.

The first SN system, known as SN-0, was released in 1996 under the product name [[SGI Origin 2000|Origin 2000]]. Based on the MIPS [[R10000]] processor, it scaled from 2 to 128 processors and a smaller version, the [[SGI Origin 200|Origin 200]] (SN-00), scaled from 1 to 4. Later enhancements enabled systems of as large as 512 processors.

The second generation system, originally called SN-1 but later SN-MIPS, was released in July 2000, as the [[Origin 3000]]. It scaled from 4 to 512 processors, and 1,024-processor configurations were delivered by special order to some customers. A smaller, less scalable implementation followed, called Origin 300.

In November 2002, SGI announced a repackaging of its SN system, under the name Origin 3900. It quadrupled the processor area density of the SN-MIPS system, from 32 up to 128 processors per rack while moving to a "[[fat tree]]" interconnect topology.

In January 2003, SGI announced a variant of the SN platform called the [[Altix|Altix 3000]] (internally called SN-IA). It used [[Intel]] [[Itanium]] 2 processors and ran the [[Linux]] operating system kernel. At the time it was released, it was the world's most scalable Linux-based computer, supporting up to 64 processors in a single system node.<ref>[http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6440 Scaling Linux to New Heights: the SGI Altix 3000 System] Linux Journal, January 2003</ref> Nodes could be connected using the same [[NUMAlink]] technology to form what SGI predictably termed "superclusters".

In February 2004, SGI announced general support for 128 processor nodes to be followed by 256 and 512 processor versions that year.

In April 2004, SGI announced the sale of its Alias software business for approximately $57 million.<ref>{{cite press release
  |url = http://www.sgi.com/newsroom/press_releases/2004/april/alias.html
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071205072024/http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2004/april/alias.html
  |archive-date = December 5, 2007
  |title = Silicon Graphics Sells Alias Software Business
  |access-date = March 29, 2011
  |date = April 15, 2004
  |publisher = Silicon Graphics
}}</ref>

In October 2004, SGI built the supercomputer [[Columbia (supercomputer)|Columbia]], which broke the world record for computer speed, for the [[NASA Ames]] Research Center. It was a cluster of 20 [[SGI Altix|Altix supercomputers]] each with 512 Intel Itanium 2 processors running Linux, and achieved sustained speed of 42.7 [[1000000000000 (number)|trillion]] floating-point operations per second ([[FLOPS|teraflops]]), easily topping [[Japan]]'s famed [[Earth Simulator]]'s record of 35.86 teraflops. (A week later, [[IBM]]'s upgraded [[Blue Gene]]/L clocked in at 70.7 teraflops.)

In July 2006, SGI announced an SGI Altix 4700 system with 1,024 processors and 4 [[terabyte|TB]] of memory running a single Linux system image.<ref>{{cite press release
 |url         = http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2006/july/stream_1024p.html
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110607111644/http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2006/july/stream_1024p.html
 |archive-date = June 7, 2011
 |title       = SGI Altix Again Crushes World Record for Memory Bandwidth
 |access-date  = March 29, 2011
 |date        = July 17, 2006
 |publisher   = Silicon Graphics
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref>

==Hardware products==
Some 68k- and MIPS-based models were also [[rebadged]] by other vendors, including [[Control Data Corporation|CDC]], [[Tandem Computers]], [[Prime Computer]] and [[Siemens-Nixdorf]].
SGI Onyx and SGI Indy series systems were used for [[video game development]] for the [[Nintendo 64]].

===Motorola 68k-based systems===
* [[SGI IRIS|IRIS 1000]] series graphics terminals (diskless 1000/1200, 1400/1500 with disks)
* [[SGI IRIS|IRIS 2000]] series workstations (2000/2200/2300/2400/2500 non-Turbo and 2300T/2400T/2500T "Turbo" models)
* [[SGI IRIS|IRIS 3000]] series workstations (3010/3020/3030 and 3110/3115/3120/3130)

===MIPS-based systems===
[[File:SGI-indigo-front.jpg|thumb|upright|SGI Indigo]]
[[File:Silicon Graphics Indy.jpg|thumb|upright|SGI Indy]]
[[File:SgiOctane.jpg|thumb|upright|SGI Octane]]
[[File:SGI-onyx.jpg|thumb|upright|SGI Onyx]]
[[File:SGI O2 front.jpg|thumb|SGI O2]]
[[File:Silicon Graphics Tezro Workstation.jpg|thumb|SGI Tezro Workstation]]

{{Div col|colwidth=35em}}

====Workstations====
* Professional IRIS series (IRIS 4D/50/60/70/80/85)
* Personal IRIS series (IRIS 4D/20/25/30/35)
* IRIS Power Series (IRIS 4D/1x0/2x0/3x0/4x0)
* [[SGI Crimson|IRIS Crimson (deskside workstation/server)]]
* [[SGI Indigo|IRIS Indigo series (Indigo, Indigo R4000)]]
* [[SGI Indigo2|Indigo² series (Indigo², Power Indigo², Indigo² R10000)]]
* [[SGI Indy|Indy workstation]]
* [[SGI O2|O2/O2+ workstation]]
* [[SGI Octane|Octane workstation]]
* [[SGI Octane2|Octane2 workstation]]
* [[SGI Fuel|Fuel entry-level workstation]]
* [[SGI Tezro|Tezro high-end workstation]]<ref name="SGI 2003 at fxguide">{{cite web | title=Exclusive Coverage of SGI 2003 New Product Line – Part 1 – Overview | date=July 14, 2003 | first=Mike | last=Seymour | publisher=fxguide | url=https://www.fxguide.com/featured/exclusive_coverage_of_sgi_2003_new_product_line_-_part_1_-_overview/ | access-date=December 15, 2015}}</ref>

====Servers====
* [[SGI Indy|Challenge S]] (desktop server)
* [[SGI Challenge M|Challenge M/Power Challenge M]] (desktop server)
* [[SGI Challenge|Challenge DM]] (deskside server)
* [[SGI Challenge|Challenge L/Power Challenge/Challenge 10000]] (deskside server)
* [[SGI Challenge|Challenge XL/Power Challenge XL]] (rack server)
* [[SGI Origin 200|Origin 200]] entry-level server
* [[SGI Origin 2000|Origin 2000]] high-end server
* [[SGI Origin 300|Origin 300]] entry-level server
* [[SGI Origin 350|Origin 350]] mid-range server
* [[SGI Origin 3000|Origin 3000]] high-end server

====Visualization====
* [[SGI Onyx|Onyx (deskside and rackmount systems)]]
* [[SGI Onyx|Power Onyx (deskside and rackmount systems)]]
* [[SGI Onyx|Onyx 10000 (deskside and rackmount systems)]]
* [[SGI Onyx2|Onyx2 (deskside and rackmount systems)]]
* Onyx 350 (rackmount systems)
* [[Onyx 3000]] (rackmount systems)
* Onyx4 (rackmount systems)
* SkyWriter (rackmount systems)

{{Div col end}}

===Intel IA-32-based systems===
[[File:Sgi-540 01.jpg|thumb|upright|SGI 540 Visual Workstation]]

{{Div col|colwidth=35em}}

====Workstations====
* [[SGI Visual Workstation|SGI 320 Visual Workstation]] (Windows NT)
* [[SGI Visual Workstation|SGI 540 Visual Workstation]] (Windows NT)
* [[SGI Visual Workstation|SGI 230 Workstation]] (Linux/Windows NT)
* [[SGI Visual Workstation|SGI 330 Workstation]] (Linux/Windows NT)
* [[SGI Visual Workstation|SGI 550 Workstation]] (Linux/Windows NT)
* SGI Zx10 Visual Workstation (Windows)
* SGI Zx10 VE Visual Workstation (Windows)

====Servers====
* SGI Zx10 Server (Windows)
* SGI 1100 server (Linux/Windows)
* SGI 1200 server (Linux/Windows)
* SGI 1400 server (Linux/Windows)
* SGI 1450 server (Linux/Windows)
* SGI Internet Server (Linux)
* SGI Internet Server for E-commerce (Linux)
* SGI Internet Server for Messaging (Linux)

{{Div col end}}

===Itanium-based systems===
* SGI 750 workstation
* [[SGI Altix 330|Altix 330]] entry-level server
* [[SGI Altix 350|Altix 350]] mid-range server
* [[SGI Altix 3000|Altix 3000]] high-end server
* Altix 450 mid-range server
* [[SGI Altix 4000|Altix 4000]] high-end server, capable of up to 2048 CPUs
* [[SGI Prism|Prism]] (deskside and rackmount systems)

===Intel/AMD x86-64 systems===
* Altix XE210 server
* Altix XE240 server
* Altix XE310 server
* Altix XE1200 cluster
* Altix XE1300 cluster
* Altix ICE 8200
* Altix ICE 8400
* [[SGI Virtu|Virtu VN200]] visualization node
* [[SGI Virtu|Virtu VS100]] workstation
* [[SGI Virtu|Virtu VS200]] workstation
* [[SGI Virtu|Virtu VS300]] workstation
* [[SGI Virtu|Virtu VS350]] workstation

===FPGA-based accelerators===
* RASC Application Acceleration

===Storage systems===
* InfiniteStorage 10000
* InfiniteStorage 6700
* InfiniteStorage 4600
* InfiniteStorage 4500
* InfiniteStorage 4000
* InfiniteStorage 350
* InfiniteStorage 220
* InfiniteStorage 120
* SGI Infinite Data Cluster

{{clarify|date=December 2015}}

===Storage solutions===
* InfiniteStorage NEXIS 500
* InfiniteStorage NEXIS 2000
* InfiniteStorage NEXIS 7000
* InfiniteStorage NEXIS 7000-HA
* InfiniteStorage NEXIS 9000
* InfiniteStorage Server 3500

===Displays===
* [[SGI 1600SW|1600SW]], a multi-award-winning wide screen video monitor

===Accelerator cards===
* [[IrisVision]], one of the first 3D graphics accelerators for high-end PCs

===Other===
* Espressigo, [[Espresso]] maker in collaboration with [[Gaggia]]
{{SGI computer timeline}}

==See also==
* [[SCO and SGI]]
* [[Rick Belluzzo]], SGI CEO from January 1998 to August 1999
* [[Silicon Graphics Image]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{webarchive
 | url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20090327194141/http://www.sgi.com
 | date  = March 27, 2009
 | title = SGI official website (pre-acquisition)}}
* [http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2004/11/65834?currentPage=all Whatever Happened to SGI?]
* [http://insidehpc.com/images/04132009/SGItimeline.jpg SGI timeline]
* [https://irixnet.org/ Irix Network - information, forums, and archive for SGI machines]
* [https://www.tech-pubs.net/wiki/Main_Page TechPubs Wiki for SGI and IRIX]
* [http://www.sgidepot.co.uk/iris-faq.html IRIS 2000/3000 FAQ]
* [http://www.vdheijden-messerli.net/sgistuff/photos/index.html A collection of SGI equipment images]
* [https://www.sgi.sh/ Silicon Graphics User Group]

{{Silicon Graphics}}

{{Authority control}}

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