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Simmering (Vienna)
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{{Infobox settlement | name = Simmering | native_name = {{native name|bar-AT|Simmaring}} | settlement_type = 11th District of Vienna | image_shield = Wien - Bezirk Simmering, Wappen.svg | image_map = Kartewien11.png | map_caption = Location of the district within Vienna | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Austria]] | subdivision_type1 = City | subdivision_name1 = [[Vienna]] | leader_title = {{nowrap|District Director}} | leader_name = Thomas Steinhart (SPÖ) | leader_title1 = First Deputy | leader_name1 = Ramona Miletic (SPÖ) | leader_title2 = {{nowrap|Second Deputy}} | leader_name2 = Katharina Krammer (FPÖ) | leader_title3 = Representation<br /> <span style="font-weight:normal">(60 Members)</span> | leader_name3 = [[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]] 26, [[Freedom Party of Austria|FPÖ]] 18, [[Austrian People's Party|ÖVP]] 7,<br>[[Austrian Green Party|Greens]] 4, [[NEOS – The New Austria|NEOS]] 2, [[Unabhängige Mandatare]] 3 | unit_pref = Metric | area_total_km2 = 23.23 | population_footnotes = <ref> [http://www.statistik.at/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_NATIVE_FILE&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&dDocName=080904 Statistik Austria - Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn 2002-2016 nach Gemeinden (Gebietsstand 1.1.2022)], Statistik Austria.</ref> | population_total = 106,078 | population_as_of = 2022-01-01 | population_density_km2 = auto | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Austria|Postal code]] | postal_code = A-1110 | blank_name_sec1 = Address of <br />District Office | blank_info_sec1 = Enkplatz 2 <br/>A-1110 Wien | website = {{website|www.wien.gv.at/bezirke/simmering/}} }} '''Simmering''' ({{IPA|de|ˈzɪməʁɪŋ|-|De-at Simmering.ogg}}; {{langx|bar|label=[[Viennese German|Viennese]]|Simmaring}}) is the 11th [[Districts of Vienna|district]] of [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] ({{langx|de|11. Bezirk, Simmering}}). It borders the [[Danube]] and was established as a district in 1892.<ref name=GVS/> Simmering has several churches, some museums, schools, old castles, and four cemeteries, one of them being the [[Vienna Central Cemetery|Wiener Zentralfriedhof]], one of the largest cemeteries of Europe.<ref name=GVS/> == History == [[File:Wien - Pfarrkirche Kaiserebersdorf (2).JPG|thumb|upright|left|Saints Peter and Paul Church in Kaiserebersdorf]] The first indications of the settlement ''Simmering'' are from 1028. A [[brewery]] was built in 1605 and continued to bring in revenue for the area for more than 300 years. Simmering remained small until 1860, when the ''Rinnböckhäuser'' housing development was built, which at the time was the second-largest in Vienna, and resulted in rapid growth in the area. ''Kaiserebersdorf'' (earlier known as ''Ebersdorf'') was one of the original villages in the district and held the residence of the ''Ebendorfer'' dynasty. [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]] hunted frequently in the area and converted the residence into the hunting lodge [[Schloss Neugebäude]]. On January 1, 1892, Simmering, Kaiserebersdorf, and some very small parts of [[Kledering]], [[Schwechat]], and Albern were incorporated into Vienna as the 11th district. The first indications of the small town of ''Albern'' originate from 1162. The town was small throughout its history. It had to be moved and resettled twice due to flooding from the [[Danube]]. On October 15, 1938, the town was moved to the former 23rd district of Schwechat. But after [[World War II]], it was moved to the 2nd district [[Leopoldstadt]] so that its [[refineries]] would belong to the Soviet-occupied quarter of Vienna. In 1955, in the [[Austrian State Treaty]] it became part of Simmering. == Coat of arms == The coat of arms for the 11th district has three parts, each representing one of the former villages that were united to form the district. The silver "S" on a blue background stands for the former village of [[Simmering (village)|Simmering]]. The rearing [[unicorn]] on a golden background stands for [[Kaiserebersdorf]] and comes from the coat of arms of the Herr von Hintperg-Ebersdorf, who founded the settlement. The third part shows the symbol of the former village of [[Albern]]. The crossed fish on red background are reminiscent of the fishing tradition that was important to the people of Albern. == Geography == [[Image:Wien - Pfarrkirche Altsimmering.JPG|thumb|''St. Laurenz Kirche'' in the ''Simmeringer Friedhof'']] The district lies in the southern part of Vienna. It borders the [[Danube]] and [[Danube Canal]] to the east and the ''[[East railway (Austria)|East railway]]'' to the west. Of all the districts, Simmering is the lowest district in terms of elevation. == Transportation == Simmering has always been on important transport routes to the south and east. These include the following: *Simmering was crossed by the [[Wiener Neustadt Canal]], which has fallen into disuse around Simmering. *Many railway lines pass through Simmering, such as the [[East railway (Austria)|East railway]], the railway to Aspang, and many industrial lines. *[[Albern]] is home to a harbour for cereals on the River [[Danube]]. *The high street in Simmering dates back to a [[Roman road]]. *The motorway A4 to [[Vienna International Airport]] and on to [[Hungary]] starts in Simmering. == Politics == Simmering was a stronghold for [[Social democracy|social democrats]] as early as the start of the 20th century. In the district vote of 1919, the social democrats won 21 positions in the district government, with the [[Christian Social Party (Austria)|Christian Social Party]] taking the next largest vote with only 7 seats and the ''Tschechische Liste'' (literally ''Czech list'') taking 2 seats. The social democrats of Simmering and of the rest of the so-called "Rotes Wien" ([[Red Vienna]]) pushed to build housing developments throughout Vienna and in 1934, 19 ''[[Gemeindebau]]ten'' were built in Simmering. The rise of [[Nazism]] in Vienna was hardly acknowledged in the vote of Simmering, as the party took only 7.2% of the vote in 1932, the worst outcome in the whole city. Even after 1945, the [[Social Democratic Party of Austria|Social Democratic Party]] (SPÖ) continued to dominate the votes. In the mid-1990s, the SPÖ fell from 59% to 48% of the vote and lost their majority, with the [[Freedom Party of Austria|Freedom Party]] (FPÖ) gaining support to 31% of the vote. The trend reversed itself in 2001, and the SPÖ retook 59.22% of the vote, FPÖ took 21.37%, [[Austrian People's Party]] (ÖVP) had 9.82%, the [[Austrian Green Party|Greens]] had 6.77%, and the [[Liberal Forum]] barely took a seat with 2.02% of the vote. In 2005, the SPÖ improved their result slightly to 60.7%, before losing the absolute majority with a loss of 11% at the following election in 2010, finishing with 49.2% of the vote. The ÖVP and Greens also lost voters, while the FPÖ nearly doubled their share of the vote to 34.2%. In 2015, the SPÖ lost the relative majority to the FPÖ. Simmering is the first Viennese district with an FPÖ district director. {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em;" |---- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" ! colspan="2" | District Directors since 1945 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Eduard Pantucek ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])||4/1945-7/1945 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Max Wopenka ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])||1945–1952 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Josef Haas ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])||1952–1964 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Wilhelm Weber ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])||1964–1973 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Johann Paulas ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])||1973–1980 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Otto Mraz ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])||1980–1989 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Franz Haas ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])||1989–2001 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Otmar Brix ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])||2001–2003 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Renate Angerer ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])||2003-2014 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Eva-Maria Hatzl ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])||2014-2015 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Paul Johann Stadler ([[Freedom Party of Austria|FPÖ]])||2015-2020 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |Thomas Steinhart ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])||2020-present |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |} == Infrastructure == The 11th district has always been known for its industries. In the 19th century, Simmering generated and supplied the electricity for the ''Straßenbahnen'' ([[tram]]s) of Vienna and also had a [[gas works]] to supply the city with [[town gas]] for its lights. The gas works produced [[natural gas]] from 1899 to 1978, but today serves as a distribution post for natural gas brought in. There were huge 70-meter tall gas tanks on the premises, called the [[Gasometer, Vienna|Gasometer]] (featured in the [[James Bond]] film [[The Living Daylights]]). Reconstruction in 2001 converted the structures from containers to buildings that today house apartments, offices, a shopping centre, and a cinema. The towers of the Gasometer have ranked next to the [[Zentralfriedhof]] as a landmark of the 11th district. The district also hosts other municipal infrastructure, including the EBS (special material recycling center), a [[sewage treatment]] facility that treats about 90% of the city's sewage, and also a [[Juvenile delinquency|juvenile detention center]]. == Gardens == [[Image:Wien Zentralfriedhof Grab 3.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A scene at the [[Zentralfriedhof]]]] Simmering is home to many large undeveloped stretches of greenery and fields full of vegetable gardens that provide produce for the city. == Industry == Many industries call Simmering home, including [[Simmering-Graz-Pauker]] (SGP, rail car manufacturer), Steyr ([[Armory (military)|armory]], weapons, and military vehicle manufacturer), Hoerbiger (compression valve manufacturer, founded by [[Hanns Hörbiger]]), and other companies in the electrical and pharmaceutical industries. == Cultural and medial reflection == 1979 [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1552635/ Simmering], a poetic documentary film about Simmering was released by [[Alexander Schukoff]] and Reinhard Kofler. Prior to her death, Russian-American cultural theorist [[Svetlana Boym]] worked on the short film ''Remembering Forgetting'' based on her time at the transit refugee camp for Jewish emigrants from the [[Soviet Union]] in 1981, for which she interviewed Schukoff and other Jewish intellectuals who stayed at the camp. Among them were [[Masha Gessen]], [[Komar and Melamid|Vitaly Komar]], [[Anton Vidokle]], and [[Regina Spektor]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-07-03|title=A Soviet Drop-Out’s Journey to Freedom|url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/camp-tale|access-date=2021-11-26|website=Tablet Magazine|language=en}}</ref> The film debuted in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Filmpremiere: „Remembering Forgetting“. In Memoriam Svetlana Boym.|url=https://www.erinnern.at/bundeslaender/wien/termine/filmpremiere-201eremembering-forgetting201c.-in-memoriam-svetlana-boym|access-date=2021-11-26|website=ERINNERN: NATIONALSOZIALISMUS UND HOLOCAUST|language=de}}</ref> ==Notable people== * [[Rosa Jochmann]], social democrat and resistance fighter * [[Christian Kern]], social democratic [[Chancellor of Austria]] (2016–2017) * [[Karl Sesta|Karl Sesta (Szestak)]], footballer * [[Ernst Stojaspal]], footballer ==Sightseeing== [[Image:Simmering (Wien) - Gasometer (1).JPG|thumb|210px|[[Gasometer, Vienna|Gasometer in Simmering]]]] [[File:Simmering, Vienna (aerial view - 2012).jpg|thumb|210px|Aerial photo showing [[:de:Zentralverschiebebahnhof Wien-Kledering|the central marshalling yard]], [[Zentralfriedhof|the central cemetery]], the Simmering power station, and the river Danube in the background]] [[File:Wien_Friedhof_der_Namenlosen.jpg|thumb|upright|Cemetery of the Nameless]] The following are points of interest:<ref name="GVS">Wien.gv.at Simmering webpage.</ref> *[[Feuerhalle Simmering]] - crematorium *[[Friedhof der Namenlosen]], cemetery of the nameless *[[Gasometer, Vienna|Gasometer]], gas tanks remodelled into housing, offices, and shopping venues *Lueger Kirche - church *Schloss Concordia - castle *[[Schloss Neugebäude]] - castle *Schloss Thürnlhof - castle *Wiener [[Zentralfriedhof]], cemetery ==Notes== {{Reflist}} == References == * "Wien - 11. Bezirk/Simmering", Wien.gv.at, 2008, webpage (15 subpages): [http://www.wien.gv.at/bezirke/simmering/ Wien.gv.at-simmering] (in German). * [[Felix Czeike]]: ''Wiener Bezirkskulturführer: XI. Simmering''. [[Jugend und Volk]], Vienna 1980, {{ISBN|3-7141-6228-3}}. * [[Hans Havelka]]: ''Simmering. Geschichte des 11. Wiener Gemeindebezirkes und seiner alten Orte''. Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1983, {{ISBN|3-7141-6230-5}}. * Hans Havelka: ''Verschwundenes und vergessenes Simmering. Ein besinnlicher Spaziergang von [[St. Marx]] bis zur alten [[Laurenzkirche]]''. [[Heimat-Museum Simmering]], Vienna 1968. * [[Christine Klusacek]], [[Kurt Stimmer]]: ''Simmering. Von der Had zum Monte Laa''. [[Mohl]], Vienna 1997, {{ISBN|3-900272-55-7}}. * [[Petra Leban]]: ''Simmering: Wiens 11. Bezirk''. Sutton, Erfurt 2001. {{ISBN|3-89702-395-4}}. == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040423092208/http://www.magwien.gv.at/simmering/ Communal website of the district Simmering] * [http://www.gasometer.org/en/ Gasometer in Vienna (English)] {{coord|48.174|N|16.416|E|display=title}} {{Districts of Simmering}} {{Districts of Vienna}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Simmering (Vienna)| ]] [[Category:Districts of Vienna]]
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