Editing Sinaloa

{{short description|State of Mexico }}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Sinaloa
| official_name      = {{raise|0.2em|Free and Sovereign State of Sinaloa}}<br />{{nobold|{{lang|es|Estado Libre y Soberano de Sinaloa}} {{small|([[Mexican Spanish|Spanish]])}}}}
| native_name_lang   = 
| settlement_type    = [[States of Mexico|State]]
| image_skyline      = Sierra_Madre_Occidental....jpg
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = The [[Sierra Madre Occidental]]
| image_flag         = <!--As per the consensus reached at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mexico]] (oldid: 1007177146), this article should not use a flag because none is officially recognized by the government of the state-->
| flag_size          = 
| flag_alt           = 
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of Sinaloa.svg
| shield_size        = 65px
| nickname           = The Land of the 11 Rivers
| motto              = <!--NO-->
| anthem             = State of Sinaloa Anthem<br />{{center|[[File:Himno Sinaloa Oficial.ogg]]}}
| image_map          = Sinaloa in Mexico (location map scheme).svg
| map_caption        = State of Sinaloa within Mexico
| coordinates        = {{coord|25|0|N|107|30|W|region:MX-SIN_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{MEX}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Capital city|Capital]]<br>{{nobold|and [[List of cities in Mexico|largest city]]}}
| subdivision_name1  = [[Culiacán]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Metropolitan area|Largest metro]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Culiacán|Greater Culiacán]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Municipalities of Mexico|Municipalities]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Municipalities of Sinaloa|18]]
| established_title  = [[Sovereign state|Admission]]
| established_date   = 14 October 1830<ref>{{cite news | title=Ley. Reglas para la división del Estado de Sonora y Sinaloa | url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1830_135/Ley_Reglas_para_la_divisi_n_del_Estado_de_Sonora_y_Sinaloa.shtml | language=es | access-date=2010-02-09 | archive-date=2019-10-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017191215/http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1830_135/Ley_Reglas_para_la_divisi_n_del_Estado_de_Sonora_y_Sinaloa.shtml | url-status=live }}</ref>
| established_title2 = [[Territorial evolution of Mexico|Order]]
| established_date2  = [[Territorial evolution of Mexico|20th]]
| founder            = 
| seat_type          = 
| seat               = 
| government_footnotes = 
| leader_party       = 
| leader_title       = [[List of Mexican state governors|Governor]]
| leader_name        = [[File:Morena logo (Mexico).svg|link=Morena (political party)|23px]] [[Rubén Rocha Moya]]
| leader_title1      = [[Senate of Mexico|Senators]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senadores por Sinaloa LXI Legislatura |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/index.php?ver=int&mn=4&sm=4&id=25 |publisher=Senado de la Republica |access-date=April 6, 2011 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924115002/http://www.senado.gob.mx/index.php?ver=int&mn=4&sm=4&id=25 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| leader_name1       = {{ubl|{{nowrap|[[File:Morena logo (Mexico).svg|link=Morena (political party)|23px]] [[Raúl de Jesús Elenes Angulo]]}}|[[File:Morena logo (Mexico).svg|link=Morena (political party)|23px]] [[Imelda Castro Castro]]|[[File:PRI logo (Mexico).svg|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party|23px]] [[Mario Zamora Gastélum]]}}
| leader_title2      = [[Chamber of Deputies of Mexico|Deputies]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Listado de Diputados por Grupo Parlamentario del Estado de Sinaloa |url=http://sitl.diputados.gob.mx/LXI_leg/listado_diputados_gpnp.php?tipot=Edo&edot=25 |publisher=Camara de Diputados |access-date=April 6, 2011 |archive-date=March 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316215506/http://sitl.diputados.gob.mx/LXI_leg/listado_diputados_gpnp.php?tipot=Edo&edot=25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| leader_name2       = {{Collapsible list
 |title       = [[LXV Legislature of the Mexican Congress#Chamber_of_Deputies_2|Federal Deputies]]
 |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
 |title_style = <!-- (optional) -->
 |list_style  = text-align:left;display:none;
 |1           = {{nowrap|• [[File:PT_Party_(Mexico).svg|link=Labor Party (Mexico)|23px]] [[Leobardo Alcántara Martínez]] ([[I Federal Electoral District of Sinaloa|1st]])}}
 |2           = {{nowrap|• [[File:Morena logo (Mexico).svg|link=Morena (political party)|23px]] [[Ana Elizabeth Ayala Leyva]] ([[II Federal Electoral District of Sinaloa|2nd]])}}
 |3           = {{nowrap|• [[File:PT_Party_(Mexico).svg|link=Labor Party (Mexico)|23px]] [[Jesús Fernando García Hernández]] ([[III Federal Electoral District of Sinaloa|3rd]])}}
 |4           = {{nowrap|• [[File:Morena logo (Mexico).svg|link=Morena (political party)|23px]] [[Casimiro Zamora Valdéz]] ([[IV Federal Electoral District of Sinaloa|4th]])}}
 |5           = {{nowrap|• [[File:Morena logo (Mexico).svg|link=Morena (political party)|23px]] [[Yadira Santiago Marcos]] ([[V Federal Electoral District of Sinaloa|5th]])}}
 |6           = {{nowrap|• [[File:Morena logo (Mexico).svg|link=Morena (political party)|23px]] [[Olegaria Carrazco Macías]] ([[VI Federal Electoral District of Sinaloa|6th]])}}
 |7           = {{nowrap|• [[File:Morena logo (Mexico).svg|link=Morena (political party)|23px]] [[Merary Villegas Sánchez]] ([[VII Federal Electoral District of Sinaloa|7th]])}}
}}
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes     = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Resumen |url=http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/sin/default.aspx?tema=me&e=25 |publisher=Cuentame INEGI |access-date=February 12, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514224346/http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/sin/default.aspx?tema=me&e=25 |archive-date=May 14, 2013 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 58328
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_note          = [[List of Mexican states by area|Ranked 17th]]
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_max_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Relieve |url=http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/sin/territorio/relieve.aspx?tema=me&e=25 |publisher=Cuentame INEGI |access-date=April 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014020156/http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/sin/territorio/relieve.aspx?tema=me&e=25 |archive-date=October 14, 2010 }}</ref>
| elevation_max_m    = 2815
| elevation_max_point = [[Cerro La Cueva Gacha]]
| elevation_max_ft   = 
| elevation_min_m    = 
| elevation_min_ft   = 
| population_footnotes = <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/areasgeograficas/#tabMCcollapse-Indicadores|title=México en cifras|date=January 2016|access-date=2021-01-25|archive-date=2021-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718104723/https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/areasgeograficas/#tabMCcollapse-Indicadores|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_total   = 3,026,943
| population_as_of   = 2020
| population_rank    = [[List of Mexican states by population|16th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_rank = [[List of Mexican states by population density|18th]]
| population_demonym = Sinaloense
| population_note    = 
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banamex.com/sitios/analisis-financiero/pdf/revistas//IRAE/IRAE2023.pdf|title=Indicadores Regionales de Actividad Económica 2023|author=Citibanamex|language=es|date=June 13, 2023|access-date=August 13, 2023}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Total
| demographics2_info1 = MXN 668 billion<br />(US$33.3 billion) (2022)
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = (US$10,840) (2022)
| timezone1          = [[Mountain Standard Time|MST]]
| utc_offset1        = −7
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal codes in Mexico|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 80-82
| area_code_type     = [[Area code]]
| area_code          = {{Collapsible list
|title       = [[Area codes in Mexico by code (600-699)|Area codes]]
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style = <!-- (optional) -->
|list_style  = text-align:left;display:none;
 |1           = • 667
 |2           = • 668
 |3           = • 669
 |4           = • 672
 |5           = • 673
 |6           = • 687
 |7           = • 694
 |8           = • 695
 |9           = • 696
 |10          = • 697
 |11          = • 698
 }}
| iso_code           = MX-SIN
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1    = {{increase}} 0.805 <span style="color:#090">very high</span> <small>[[List of Mexican states by HDI|Ranked 5th of 32]]</small>
| website            = {{official URL}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Sinaloa''' ({{IPA|es|sinaˈloa|-|Sinaloa.ogg}}), officially the '''{{lang|es|Estado Libre y Soberano de Sinaloa}}''' ({{langx|en|Free and Sovereign State of Sinaloa}}), is one of the 31 states which, along with [[Mexico City]], compose the [[Administrative divisions of Mexico|Federal Entities]] of [[Mexico]]. It is divided into [[Municipalities of Sinaloa|18 municipalities]], and its capital city is [[Culiacán|Culiacán Rosales]].

It is located in northwest Mexico and is bordered by the states of [[Sonora]] to the northwest, [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] to the north and [[Durango]] to the east, both across the [[Sierra Madre Occidental]]; and [[Nayarit]] to the southeast. To the west, Sinaloa faces [[Baja California Sur]], across the [[Gulf of California]]. The state covers an area of {{convert|58328|km2|sqmi|sp=us}} and includes the islands of Palmito Verde, Palmito de la Virgen, Altamura, Santa María, Saliaca, Macapule, and San Ignacio. In addition to the capital city, the state's important cities include [[Mazatlán]] and [[Los Mochis]].

==Etymology==
''Sinaloa'' combines two words from the [[Cahita language]]: {{lang|mfy|sina}} ('[[pithaya]] plant'), and {{lang|mfy|lobola}} ('rounded'); "sinalobola" was shortened to "sinaloa".<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/cham/learn/historyculture/sinaloa.htm Sinaloa, National Park Service]</ref> This most popular etymology is attributed to [[Eustaquio Buelna]]. Another etymology attributed to Pablo Lizárraga is Mexica ''cintli'' ('dry corn and cob') and ''ololoa'' ('to pile up'), and to locative, "where they pile up or store corn on the cob." Yet another etymology from Héctor R. Olea combinsa Cahia ''sina'' with the locative "ro" from the [[Purépecha language]] and "a" from Aztec ''atl'' ('water'), thus "place of pithayas in the water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinaloa.gob.mx/NR/exeres/B1FB61DE-82E5-4EE7-AE7E-851D47307AF3,frameless.htm?NRMODE=Published|title=Municipio de Sinaloa de Leyva|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716221737/http://www.sinaloa.gob.mx/NR/exeres/B1FB61DE-82E5-4EE7-AE7E-851D47307AF3,frameless.htm?NRMODE=Published|archivedate=16 July 2007|accessdate=4 May 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:SEEMANN(1858)_-_MAZATLAN,_MEXICO.jpg|thumb |Lithograph of [[Mazatlán]] in 1845|250x250px]]
Sinaloa belongs to the northern limit of [[Mesoamerica]]. From the [[Fuerte River]] to the north is the region known as [[Aridoamerica]], which includes the deserts and arid places of [[northern Mexico]] and [[southwestern United States]]. Before European contact, the territory of Sinaloa was inhabited by groups such as the [[Cáhita|Cahitas]], the Tahues, the [[Acaxee|Acaxees]], the [[Xiximes]], the [[Totorame language|Totorames]], the [[Achires]] and the [[Guasave language|Guasaves]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=Breve historia de Sinaloa|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42398419|last=Ortega Noriega|first=Sergio|publisher=Colegio de México, Fideicomiso Historia de las Américas|date=1999|access-date=2021-08-08|isbn=968-16-5378-5|oclc=42398419}}</ref>

In 1531, [[Nuño de Guzmán|Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán]], with a force of over 10,000 men, established a Spanish and allied Indian outpost at San Miguel de Culiacán. Over the next decade, the Cahíta suffered severe depopulation from conquest, smallpox and other diseases brought by Europeans.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |title=Sinaloa : un bosquejo de su historia|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37813710|last=Nakayama A.|first=Antonio|publisher=Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa|date=1996|access-date=2021-08-08|isbn=968-6063-98-6|oclc=37813710}}</ref>

The Spanish organized Sinaloa as part of the ''gobierno'' of [[Nueva Galicia]]. In 1564, the area was realigned: the area of Culiacán and [[Cosalá]] remained in control of Nueva Galicia, while the areas to the north, south and west were made part of the newly formed [[Nueva Vizcaya, New Spain|Nueva Vizcaya]] province, making the Culiacán area an exclave of Nueva Galicia. The first capital of Nueva Vizcaya was located in [[San Sebastián, Sinaloa|San Sebastián]], near [[Copala, Sinaloa|Copala]], but was moved to [[Durango, Durango|Durango]] in 1583.<ref>Peter Gerhard, ''The Northern Frontier of New Spain'' (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982) p. 245</ref>

Starting in 1599, [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Mission (Christianity)|missionaries]] spread out from a base at what is now [[Sinaloa de Leyva]] and by 1610, the Spanish influence had been extended to the northern edge of Sinaloa. In 1601, the Jesuits' movement into the eastern part of Sinaloa led to the [[Acaxee]] going to war. The Spanish eventually managed to reassert authority in the [[Sierra Madre Occidental]] region and executed 48 Acaxee leaders.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.houstonculture.org/mexico/sinaloa.html|title=History of Mexico - The State of Sinaloa|website=www.houstonculture.org|access-date=2005-07-14|archive-date=2012-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210152516/http://www.houstonculture.org/mexico/sinaloa.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

After the [[Mexican War of Independence]], Sinaloa was joined with Sonora as [[Estado de Occidente]], but became a separate, sovereign state in 1830.<ref name=":1" /> The [[Porfiriato]] era was marked by the administration of Francisco Cañedo, who served multiple non-consecutive terms from 1877 to 1909. After the [[Mexican Revolution]], infrastructure projects and land reform consolidated the agrarian sector, which led to the state being named "the granary of Mexico".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carton de Grammont |first=Hubert |url=http://ru.iis.sociales.unam.mx/handle/IIS/4944 |title=Los empresarios agrícolas y el Estado: Sinaloa 1893-1984 |date=1990 |language=es |access-date=2022-08-25 |archive-date=2021-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621013648/http://ru.iis.sociales.unam.mx/handle/IIS/4944 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Geography==
The coastal plain is a narrow strip of land that stretches along the length of the state and lies between the [[Gulf of California]] and the foothills of the [[Sierra Madre Occidental]] mountain range, which dominates the eastern part of the state. Sinaloa is traversed by many rivers, which carve broad valleys into the foothills. The largest of these rivers are the [[Culiacán River|Culiacán]], [[Fuerte River|Fuerte]], and [[Sinaloa River|Sinaloa]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burian |first=Edward |title=The Architecture and Cities of Northern Mexico from Independence to the Present |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/771901-004/html |chapter=The Geography and Landscapes of Northern Mexico |date=2021-10-01 |pages=6–10 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-1-4773-0722-9 |language=en |doi=10.7560/771901-004 |access-date=2022-08-25 |archive-date=2022-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825104003/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/771901-004/html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sinaloa has a warm climate on the coast; moderately warm climate in the valleys and foothills; moderately cold in the lower mountains, and cold in the higher elevations. Its weather characteristics vary from subtropical and tropical, found on coastal plains, to cold in the nearby mountains. Temperatures range from {{convert|22|°C|°F}} to {{convert|43|°C|°F}} with rain and thunderstorms during the rainy season (June to October) and dry conditions throughout most of the year. Its average annual [[precipitation]] is 790 millimetres.<ref>{{cite web |title=Clima de Sinaloa |url=http://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/monografias/informacion/sin/territorio/clima.aspx?tema=me&e=25 |website=Cuéntame... Información por entidad |publisher=INEGI |access-date=14 August 2019 |archive-date=9 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409235429/http://www.cuentame.inegi.org.mx/monografias/informacion/sin/territorio/clima.aspx?tema=me&e=25 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Numerous species of plants and animals are found within Sinaloa. Notable among the tree species is the elephant tree, ''[[Bursera microphylla]]''.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2009</ref>
[[File:Parque Sinaloa 001.JPG|thumb|left |Botanic garden "Benjamín F. Johnston" of Parque Sinaloa]]

==Demography==
{{Historical populations
|type =
|1895 | 261050
|1900 | 296701
|1910 | 323642
|1921 | 341265
|1930 | 395618
|1940 | 492821
|1950 | 635681
|1960 | 838404
|1970 | 1266528
|1980 | 1849879
|1990 | 2204054
|1995 | 2425675
|2000 | 2536844
|2005 | 2608442
|2010 | 2767761
|2015 | 2966700
|2020 | 3026943
|percentages=pagr|source=<ref name="auto"/>
}}

According to the 2020 census, Sinaloa is home to 3,026,943 inhabitants, 60% of whom reside in the capital city of [[Culiacán]] and the municipalities of [[Mazatlán]] and [[Ahome]]. It is a young state in terms of population, 56% of which is younger than 30 years of age.<ref name="INEGI">{{cite web|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/salaDeprensa/noticia.html?id=6261|title=En Sinaloa somos 3 026 943 habitantes: Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020. Sinaloa|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía|date=2020|lang=es|access-date=2022-08-25|archive-date=2022-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825104013/https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/salaDeprensa/noticia.html?id=6261|url-status=live}}</ref>

Other demographic particulars report 87% of the state practices the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic faith]]. Also, 1% of those over five years of age speak an indigenous language alongside Spanish; the main indigenous ethnic group residing in the state is the [[Mayo people|Mayo]] or "Yoreme" (Cáhita language) people. Life expectancy in the state follows the national tendency of higher rates for women than men, a difference of almost six years in the case of Sinaloa, at 74.2 and 68.3 years respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Esperanza de vida al nacimiento por entidad federativa según sexo, serie anual de 2010 a 2024 |url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/tabulados/interactivos/?pxq=Mortalidad_Mortalidad_09_82a0533d-6b8a-4af8-9b4b-db088fd7b41e&idrt=127&opc=t}}</ref>

In ethnic composition, Sinaloa has received large historic waves of immigration from Europe (mainly Spain, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany, Austria, Italy and Russia) and Asia (namely China, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Armenia, Lebanon, and Syria). The last two countries also make up most of the [[Arab Mexican]] community in the state. In recent years, retirees from the U.S., Canada, Australia, and South America have arrived and made Sinaloa their home.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mazatlán es un paraíso para canadienses y estadounidenses |date=23 July 2022|url=https://punto.mx/2022/07/23/mazatlan-es-un-paraiso-para-canadienses-y-estadounidenses/?amp=1}}</ref> 

There was also a sizable influx of [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] and [[Sephardi Jews]] in the first decades of the twentieth century.

[[Greeks]] form a notable presence in Sinaloa, where one can find local cuisine with kalamari and a few Greek Orthodox churches along the state's coast.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aguilar |first=Gustavo |date=2006 |title=Inmigración griega y empresa agrícola en Sinaloa (1927-1971): éxitos y fracasos |url=http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0186-03482006000100145&lng=es&tlng=es&nrm=iso |journal=Secuencia |language=es |issue=64 |pages=145–185 |doi=10.18234/secuencia.v0i64.955 |issn=0186-0348 |doi-access=free |access-date=2022-08-28 |archive-date=2022-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828184836/https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0186-03482006000100145&lng=es&tlng=es&nrm=iso |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to the 2020 Census, 1.39% of Sinaloa's population identified as Black, [[Afro-Mexican]], or having African descent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ccpv/2020/tableros/panorama/|title=Panorama sociodemográfico de México|website=www.inegi.org.mx|access-date=2021-10-10|archive-date=2021-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126013823/https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ccpv/2020/tableros/panorama/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sinaloenses have moved to the United States in large numbers since 1970; a large community lives in the twin towns of [[Indio, California]] and [[Coachella, California]] about 40 km (25 miles) east of the resort city of [[Palm Springs, California]] in the Colorado Desert of [[Southern California]].

{{Largest cities
| country = Sinaloa
| stat_ref = Source:<ref name=SINALOAINEGI>{{cite web|url=https://inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/cpv2020_b_sin_01_poblacion.xlsx|title=Censo Sinaloa 2020|access-date=2023-06-14|archive-date=2021-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128022626/https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/cpv2020_b_sin_01_poblacion.xlsx|url-status=live}}</ref>
| list_by_pop =
| div_name = 
| div_link = Municipalities of Sinaloa{{!}}Municipality
| city_1 = Culiacán Rosales| div_1 =Culiacán Municipality{{!}}Culiacán| pop_1 = 808,416| img_1 = Catedral_de_Culiacán.jpg
| city_2 = Mazatlán| div_2 =Mazatlán Municipality{{!}}Mazatlán| pop_2 = 441,975| img_2 = Avenida del Mar (26728021650).jpg
| city_3 = Los Mochis| div_3 =Ahome Municipality{{!}}Ahome| pop_3 = 298,009| img_3 = Casa_condado_espinoza_de_Los_Mochis.jpg
| city_4 = Guasave| div_4 = Guasave Municipality{{!}}Guasave| pop_4 =77,849|img_4 = Iglesias Guasave (18678139318).jpg
| city_5 = Guamúchil| div_5 =  Salvador Alvarado Municipality{{!}}Salvador Alvarado| pop_5 = 65,215
| city_6 =Escuinapa de Hidalgo| div_6 = Escuinapa Municipality{{!}}Escuinapa| pop_6 = 33,924
| city_7 = Licenciado Benito Juárez, Sinaloa{{!}}Licenciado Benito Juárez| div_7 = Navolato Municipality{{!}}Navolato| pop_7= 33,496
| city_8 = Navolato, Sinaloa{{!}}Navolato| div_8 =Navolato Municipality{{!}}Navolato| pop_8 = 30,796
| city_9 = Costa Rica, Sinaloa{{!}}Costa Rica| div_9 =Culiacán Municipality{{!}}Culiacán| pop_9 = 28,239
| city_10 = Gabriel Leyva Solano| div_10 =Guasave Municipality{{!}}Guasave| pop_10 = 25,157
}}

==Economy==
The main economic activities of Sinaloa are agriculture, fishing, livestock breeding, tourism and [[food processing]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-02 |title=Indicador Trimestral de la Actividad Económica Estatal (ITAEE) |url=https://sinaloaennumeros.codesin.mx/indicador-trimestral-de-la-actividad-economica-estatal-itaee-5/ |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=CODESIN {{!}} Sinaloa en Números |language=es-MX |archive-date=2022-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828184825/https://sinaloaennumeros.codesin.mx/indicador-trimestral-de-la-actividad-economica-estatal-itaee-5/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sinaloa has on its license plates the image of a [[tomato]], as the state is widely recognized for harvesting this particular fruit in great abundance from Los Mochis in the North to Culiacán in the central region of the state. Agriculture produce aside from tomatoes include [[cotton]], [[Bean|beans]], [[Maize|corn]], [[wheat]], [[sorghum]], [[Potato|potatoes]], [[Soybean|soybeans]], [[Mango|mangos]], [[sugarcane]], [[Peanut|peanuts]] and [[Squash (fruit)|squash]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sandoval Cabrera |first=Seyka Verónica |date=2012 |title=Condiciones histórico-estructurales de los productores de hortalizas sinaloenses en la cadena de valor, 1900-2010 |url=http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1870-39252012000200008&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es |journal=Región y sociedad |language=es |volume=24 |issue=54 |pages=231–259 |issn=1870-3925}}</ref> Sinaloa is the most prominent state in Mexico in terms of agriculture and is known as "Mexico's breadbasket". Additionally, Sinaloa has the second largest fishing fleet in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sinaloa |url=http://2012-2015.sedesol.gob.mx/es/SEDESOL/Sinaloa |website=SEDESOL Secretaría de Desarrollo Social |publisher=Secretaría de Desarrollo Social |access-date=14 August 2019 |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814170551/http://2012-2015.sedesol.gob.mx/es/SEDESOL/Sinaloa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Livestock produces meat, sausages, cheese, milk as well as sour cream.

==Education==
In terms of education, average schooling reaches 8.27 years; 4.2% of those over 15 years of age are illiterate, and 3.18% of children under 14 years of age do not attend school.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://internet.contenidos.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/Productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/nueva_estruc/inter_censal/estados2015/702825079895.pdf |title=Principales resultados de la Encuesta Intercensal 2015 Sinaloa |date=2005 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) |pages=27, 29, 33 |access-date=26 April 2017 |archive-date=27 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427192203/http://internet.contenidos.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/Productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/nueva_estruc/inter_censal/estados2015/702825079895.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Institutions of higher education include [[Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa]], [[Mexico International University]], [[TecMilenio University]], [[Universidad Autónoma de Durango]], [[Universidad Autónoma de Occidente (Mexico)|Universidad Autónoma de Occidente]], [[Universidad Autónoma Indígena de México]], and [[Universidad Casa Blanca]].

==Government and politics==
The current [[governor of Sinaloa]] is [[Rubén Rocha Moya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Expide Congreso Bando Solemne para difundir que Rubén Rocha Moya es gobernador - H. Congreso del Estado de Sinaloa |url=https://www.congresosinaloa.gob.mx/comunicados/expide-congreso-bando-solemne-para-difundir-que-ruben-rocha-moya-es-gobernador/ |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=H. Congreso del Estado de Sinaloa |language=es |archive-date=2022-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828184827/https://www.congresosinaloa.gob.mx/comunicados/expide-congreso-bando-solemne-para-difundir-que-ruben-rocha-moya-es-gobernador/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The state is represented in the [[Mexican Congress]] by three [[Senate (Mexico)|Senators]] in the [[upper house]] and fourteen [[Deputy (legislator)|federal deputies]] in the [[lower house]].

=== Municipalities ===
Sinaloa is divided into [[Municipalities of Sinaloa|18 municipalities]]. Each municipality has a [[Ayuntamiento|city council]], headed by the municipal president. The aforementioned positions have a duration of three years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-01 |title=Constitución Política del Estado de Sinaloa |url=http://laipsinaloa.gob.mx/programas_sociales/index.php/educacion/leyes-y-codigos/15-constitucion-politica-del-estado-de-sinaloa/file |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501082102/http://laipsinaloa.gob.mx/programas_sociales/index.php/educacion/leyes-y-codigos/15-constitucion-politica-del-estado-de-sinaloa/file |archive-date=2015-05-01  |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=Wayback Machine}}</ref>

The state's major cities include the capital and largest city, [[Culiacán]]; [[Mazatlán]], a famous tourist resort and destination; and [[Los Mochis]], an [[Agriculture|agricultural]] hub in Northwestern Mexico. Other cities include [[Guasave]], [[Guamúchil]], [[Escuinapa de Hidalgo|Escuinapa]], [[El Fuerte, Sinaloa|El Fuerte]], [[Sinaloa de Leyva]], [[El Rosario, Sinaloa|El Rosario]], [[San Ignacio, Sinaloa|San Ignacio de Piaxtla]] and [[Choix]].

==Culture==
[[File:Pedro Infante in Habana, Cuba, c.1950s.jpg|thumb |[[Pedro Infante]]]]
[[File:Band´s_Sinaloa.jpg|thumb |An early 20th century banda ]]
[[File:Ulama 37 (Aguilar).jpg|thumb |An [[Ulama (game)|ulama player]] in Sinaloa]]
Culturally, Sinaloa is part of [[Northern Mexico]]. Famous entertainers from the state include actor [[Pedro Infante]], born in [[Mazatlán]]; singer [[Ana Gabriel]], born in [[Guamúchil]]; singer and actress [[Lola Beltrán]] from [[El Rosario, Sinaloa|Rosario]]; Cruz Lizárraga, the founder of [[Banda el Recodo]]; baseball player [[Jorge Orta]], from Mazatlán; actress/comedian/singer [[Sheyla Tadeo]], born in [[Culiacán]]; actress [[Sabine Moussier]]; actress/singer [[Lorena Herrera]], from Mazatlán; and singer-songwriter [[Chalino Sánchez]], from Las Flechas, [[Culiacán Municipality|Culiacán]].

=== Music ===
The state is known for its popular styles of music [[banda music|banda]] and [[norteño music|norteño]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Lawrence Downes |title=In Los Angeles, Songs Without Borders |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=13 August 2009 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/16/travel/16corridos.html |access-date=3 March 2017 |archive-date=1 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301005513/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/16/travel/16corridos.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Banda was established in the early 1920s, influenced by the organological style of the European [[fanfare]], and incorporating traditional [[Son mexicano|sones]], [[ranchera]], [[corrido]], [[polka]], [[waltz]], [[mazurka]] and [[schottische]] predominate, as well as more contemporary genres such as [[cumbia]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Simonett |first=Helena |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55609923 |title=En Sinaloa nací: historia de la música de banda |date=2004 |publisher=Asociación de Gestores del Patrimonio Histórico y Cultural de Mazatlán |isbn=970-93894-0-8 |edition=First |location=Mazatlán |oclc=55609923}}</ref>

The first bandas were formed by members of military and municipal bands who settled in the [[Sierra Madre Occidental]] during the [[Mexican Revolution]], and were influenced by traditional Yoreme music.<ref name=":2" />

=== Cuisine ===
Its rich cuisine is well known for its variety particularly in regard to ''mariscos'' (seafood) and vegetables. Famous dishes include ''[[Chilorio]]'' and ''[[Aguachile]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=6 Most Popular Sinaloan Dishes |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/most-popular-dishes-in-sinaloa |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=Taste Atlas |archive-date=2022-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825104013/https://www.tasteatlas.com/most-popular-dishes-in-sinaloa |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-07-19 |title=Sinaloan cuisine, Mexican food crown jewel |url=https://themazatlanpost.com/2018/07/19/sinaloan-cuisine-mexican-food-crown-jewel/ |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=The Mazatlan Post |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825104012/https://themazatlanpost.com/2018/07/19/sinaloan-cuisine-mexican-food-crown-jewel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sinaloan sushi]] is a popular dish.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 2013 |title=Oh No, There Goes Tokyo Roll—Sinaloa Style Sushi Invades Los Angeles |website=Los Angeles Magazine|url=http://www.lamag.com/digestblog/oh-no-there-goes-tokyo-roll-sinaloa-style-sushi-invades-los-angeles/ |access-date=2017-02-28 |archive-date=2017-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228165132/http://www.lamag.com/digestblog/oh-no-there-goes-tokyo-roll-sinaloa-style-sushi-invades-los-angeles/ |url-status=live |author-first1=Bill|author-last1=Esparza}}</ref>

=== Media ===
[[List of newspapers in Mexico|Newspapers]] of Sinaloa include: ''El Debate de Culiacán'', ''El Debate de Guamúchil'', ''El Debate de Guasave'', ''El Debate de los Mochis'', ''El Debate de Mazatlán'', ''El Sol de Culiacán'', ''El Sol de Sinaloa'', ''La I Noticias para Mí Culiacán'', ''Noroeste (Culiacán)'', ''Noroeste de Mazatlán'', and ''Primera Hora.''<ref name="SIC">{{cite web |work=Sistema de Información Cultural |publisher=Gobierno de Mexico |language=es |access-date=March 11, 2020 |url=https://sic.gob.mx/?table=impresos&disciplina=&estado_id=25 |title=Publicaciones periódicas en Sinaloa |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807075401/https://sic.gob.mx/?table=impresos&disciplina=&estado_id=25 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://libguides.utsa.edu/latamnews |title=Latin American & Mexican Online News |work=Research Guides |publisher=[[University of Texas at San Antonio Libraries]] |location=US |archive-date= March 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307192643/http://libguides.utsa.edu/latamnews }}</ref>

=== Sports ===
Sinaloa is one of the few places where the ancient [[Mesoamerican ballgame]] is still played, in a handful of small, rural communities not far from [[Mazatlán]]. The ritual ballgame was central in the society, religion and [[cosmology]] of all the great [[Mesoamerica]]n cultures including the [[Mixtec]]s, [[Aztecs]], and [[Maya civilization|Maya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=El juego de pelota de Mesoamérica |date=16 September 2013|url=https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/es/2-604/el-juego-de-pelota-de-mesoamerica/}}</ref> The Sinaloa version of the game is called ''[[Ulama (game)|ulama]]'' and is very similar to the original.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Game |url=http://www.ulama.freehomepage.com/about.html |access-date=31 March 2012 |publisher=Mesoamerican Heritage Chapter of the Asociacion de Gestores del Patrimonio Historico y Cultural de Mazatlan |archive-date=8 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208140421/http://www.ulama.freehomepage.com/about.html |url-status=live }}</ref> There are efforts to preserve this 3500-year-old unique tradition by supporting the communities and children who play it.<ref>Asociacion de Gestores del Patrimonio Historico y Cultural de Mazatlan. 2009</ref>

The state is home to several [[baseball]] teams such as [[Tomateros de Culiacán]], [[Venados de Mazatlán]], [[Cañeros de Los Mochis]] and [[Algodoneros de Guasave]] which take part in the [[Mexican Pacific League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Equipos de Sinaloa en Liga Mexicana del Pacífico tendrán aficionados en sus juegos |url=https://www.razon.com.mx/deportes/equipos-sinaloa-liga-mexicana-pacifico-tendran-aficionados-juegos-405723 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=La Razón |date=17 September 2020 |language=es |archive-date=2022-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828184825/https://www.razon.com.mx/deportes/equipos-sinaloa-liga-mexicana-pacifico-tendran-aficionados-juegos-405723 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Organized crime ===
The powerful [[Sinaloa Cartel]] (''Cártel de Sinaloa'' or ''CDS'') has significantly influenced the culture of Sinaloa.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 February 2011 |title=Sinaloa Cartel Influence is Steadily Growing In Tijuana |newspaper=[[Borderland Beat]] |url=http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2011/02/sinaloa-cartel-influence-is-steadily.html |access-date=23 February 2014 |archive-date=23 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123170056/http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2011/02/sinaloa-cartel-influence-is-steadily.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The cartel is reportedly the largest [[Drug cartel|drug trafficking]], [[money laundering]] and [[organized crime]] syndicate in the Americas; it is based in the city of [[Culiacán, Sinaloa]].<ref>{{cite news |date=19 January 2011 |title=Mexico's Sinaloa gang grows empire, defies crackdown |newspaper=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-drugs-idUSTRE70I6UZ20110119 |access-date=18 September 2011 |archive-date=12 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312002339/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-drugs-idUSTRE70I6UZ20110119 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Chalino Sanchez|Chalino Sánchez]] – Singer 
*[[Carlos Bojorquez|Carlos Bojórquez]] – Boxer
*[[Julio César Chávez]] – Six time World Boxing Champion
*[[Jorge Orta]] – Major League Baseball player
*[[Jorge Arce]] – Boxer and [[flyweight]] champion
*[[Cristobal Arreola]] – Boxer
*[[Luis Ayala (baseball)|Luis Ayala]] – Major League Baseball player
*[[Sandra Avila Beltrán]] – Drug Lord
*[[Lola Beltrán]] – Actress and [[Ranchera]] singer
*[[Perla Beltrán Acosta]] – Beauty queen, model and entrepreneur
*[[Paul Aguilar]] — Football Player
*[[Heraclio Bernal]] – Social Agitator/Folk Hero
*[[Jared Borgetti]] – Football player
*[[Omar Bravo]] – Football player
*[[Ariel Camacho]] – Norteño Singer/Folk Songs
*[[Javier Valdez Cárdenas]] – Journalist
*[[Oscar Dautt]] – Football player
*[[Iván Estrada]] – Football player
*[[Carlos Fierro]] – Football player
*[[Rodolfo Fierro]] - Revolutionary Fighter
*[[Ana Gabriel]] – Singer
*[[Pedro Avilés Pérez]] – [[Drug Lord]]
*[[Joaquín Guzmán Loera]] – Former leader and co-founder of the Sinaloa Cartel.
*[[Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo]] – Former leader and co-founder of the Guadalajara Cartel.
*[[Rafael Caro Quintero]] – Former leader and founder of the Sonora Cartel.
*[[Amado Carrillo Fuentes]] – Former leader and co-founder of the Juárez Cartel.
*[[Alfredo Beltrán Leyva]] – Leader and co-founder of the Beltrán-Leyva Organization.
*[[Héctor Luis Palma Salazar]] – Former leader and co-founder of the Sinaloa Cartel. 
*[[Ismael Zambada García]] – Leader of the Sinaloa Cartel.
*[[Benjamín Arellano Félix]] – Former leader and co-founder of the Tijuana Cartel (Arellano Félix Organization.)
*[[Ramón Arellano Félix]] – Former leader and co-founder of the Tijuana Cartel (Arellano Félix Organization.)
*[[Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo]] – Former leader and co-founder of the Guadalajara Cartel.
*[[Enedina Arellano Félix]] – Leader and co-founder of the Tijuana Cartel (Arellano Félix Organization.)
*[[Lorena Herrera]] – Actress
*[[Pedro Infante]] – Singer and actor
*[[Francisco Labastida]] – Economist and politician affiliated to the [[Partido Revolucionario Institucional|PRI]]
*[[Horacio Llamas]] – [[Basketball]] player
*[[Los Tigres del Norte]] – Norteño music group
*[[Banda el Recodo]] –  Banda Sinaloense
*[[Jesús Malverde]] – Folklore hero
*[[Alberto Medina]] – Football player
*[[César Millán]] – TV personality and professional dog trainer
*[[Fernando Montiel]] – Boxer
*[[Héctor Moreno (footballer)|Héctor Moreno]] – Football player
*[[Sabine Moussier]] – Actress
*[[Patricia Navidad]] – Actress and singer
*[[Antonio Osuna]] – Major League Baseball player
*[[Roberto Osuna]] – Major League Baseball player
*[[Óliver Pérez]] – Major League Baseball player
*[[Fausto Pinto]] – Football player
*[[Julio Preciado]] – Singer
*[[José Luis Ramírez]] – Boxer
*[[Sara Ramírez]] – Actress
*[[Paul Rodriguez (actor)|Paul Rodriguez]] – Comedian
*[[Aurelio Rodríguez]] – Major League Baseball player
*[[Dennys Reyes]] – Major League Baseball player
*[[Sheyla Tadeo]] –  Actress and comedian
*[[María Espinoza|María del Rosario Espinoza]] – Taekwondo Olympic medalist
*[[Roberto Tapia]] – Singer
*[[Julio Urías]] – Major League Baseball player
*[[José Urquidy]] – Major League Baseball player 
*[[Chayito Valdez]] – Folk singer
*[[Banda MS]] - Banda Sinaloense 
*[[La Arrolladora Banda El Limon]] - Banda Sinaloense 
*[[Banda Los Recoditos]] - Banda Sinaloense 
*[[José Manuel López Castro]] - Norteño Singer 
*[[Ozziel Herrera]] - Football player

==See also==
{{Portal|Geography|North America|Latin America|Mexico}}
*[[Sinaloa Cartel]]
*[[Las Labradas (Sinaloa)|Las Labradas]], an archaeological site located in southern Sinaloa

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* C. Michael Hogan. 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120307155812/http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=90792 ''Elephant Tree: Bursera microphylla'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg]
* Asociación de Gestores del Patrimonio Histórico y Cultural de Mazatlán. 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110711030458/http://www.ulama.freehomepage.com/ ''The Mesoamerican Ballgame-Ulama'']

==External links==
{{Commons and category}}
{{EB1911 Poster|Sinaloa}}
*{{osmrelation|2455086}}
*{{Official website}} {{in lang|es}}
*[http://www.houstonculture.org/mexico/sinaloa.html The History of Indigenous Sinaloa]
*[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/business/place.html PBS Frontline: The place Mexico's drug kingpins call home]

{{Sinaloa}}
{{States of Mexico}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sinaloa| ]]
[[Category:1831 establishments in Mexico]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1831]]
[[Category:States of Mexico]]