Editing Sociative case

{{Short description|Grammatical case}}
{{see also|Comitative case}}
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In [[grammar]], the '''sociative case''' is a [[grammatical case]] in the [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Malayalam]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} languages that can express the person in whose company (cf. [[Latin]] {{lang|la|socius}}) an action is carried out, or to any belongings of people which take part in an action (together with their owners).

==Hungarian==
In Hungarian, this case is denoted by the suffixes ''-stul'' and ''-stül'', depending on [[vowel harmony]]. This case is archaic and nowadays the [[instrumental-comitative case]] is usually used instead. Nevertheless, it can be used also in modern Hungarian to express a slight pejorative tone against a person. Here are a few examples:

* ''Karácsonykor egy fillér nélkül, kölyköstül állított be az anyósához'' "Without a dime, she wound up in her mother-in-law's house at Christmas with her kids"

The use of the sociative case ''kölyköstül'' ("with her kids") signifies the speaker's contempt. The case appears also in some commonly used expressions, which survived the general obsolescence of the sociative case:

* ''Ruhástul ugrott a medencébe'' "He jumped into the pool with his clothes on"
* ''A fenevad szőröstül-bőröstül felfalta a védtelen kis nyuszit'' "The monster devoured the helpless little bunny neck and crop"

==Tamil==
In Tamil, the sociative case takes the endings {{lang|ta|-ஓடு}} ({{Transliteration|ta|-ōṭu}}) or {{lang|ta|-உடன்}} ({{Transliteration|ta|-uṭan}}). It is related to the instrumental case but not identical to it. In contrast to the sociative case, the instrumental case usually denotes the means of action and takes the ending {{lang|ta|-ஆல்}} ({{Transliteration|ta|-āl}}).

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://real.mtak.hu/8386/1/Fekete-final-2.pdf Hungarian ''Gyerekestül'' versus ''Gyerekkel'' (‘with [the<nowiki>]</nowiki> kid’)] by Fekete, István
* [https://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/public/h_sch_9a.pdf The Tamil Case System, by Harold F. Schiffman]

{{Grammatical cases}}

[[Category:Grammatical cases]]
[[Category:Hungarian grammar]]


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