Editing Solin

{{Short description|Town in Split-Dalmatia, Croatia}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Solin
| official_name      = ''Grad Solin''<br /> Town of Solin
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities and towns in Croatia|Town]]
| image_skyline       = {{Photomontage
|photo1a = Solin kostel Panny Marie ostrovské 3.jpg
|photo2a = Ancient Salona - Solin 12.jpg
|photo2b = Ancient Salona - Solin 61.jpg
|photo3a = Ancient Salona - Solin 130.jpg
|photo3b = 
|photo4a = 
|photo4b = 
|spacing = 2
|color = white
|size = 266
|border = 0
|foot_montage = Solin (''[[Salona]]'') with old [[Roman Empire|Roman]] ruins
}}
| image_shield       = Solin coat of arms.png
| shield_size        = 100px
| image_map = {{infobox mapframe | stroke-width = 2 }}
| pushpin_map        = Croatia
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Solin in Croatia
| coordinates        = {{coord|43.535|N|16.485|E|region:HR|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Croatia}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Counties of Croatia|County]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[File:Flag of Split-Dalmatia County.svg|border|23px]] [[Split-Dalmatia County|Split-Dalmatia]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Dalibor Ninčević ([[Croatian Democratic Union|HDZ]])
| leader_title2      = City Council President
| leader_name2       = Dr. Zdravko Perko ([[Croatian Democratic Union|HDZ]])
| leader_title3      = City Council name
| leader_name3       = [https://www.solin.hr/gradsko-vijece/ Gradsko Vijeće]
| leader_title4      = No. of Council members
| leader_name4       = 19
| area_footnotes     = <ref>{{Cite Q|Q119585703|mode=cs1}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 34.2
| area_urban_km2     = 11.4
| elevation_m        = 0
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2021">{{Croatian Census 2021|S}}</ref>
| population_as_of   = 2021
| population_total   = 24862
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban   = 20996
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 21 210
| area_code          = +385 (0)21
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of Croatia|ST]]
| website            = {{URL|solin.hr}}
}}

'''Solin''' is a town and a [[suburb]] of [[Split (city)|Split]], in [[Split-Dalmatia]] county, [[Croatia]]. It is situated right northeast of [[Split (city)|Split]], on the [[Adriatic Sea]] and the river [[Jadro]].

Solin developed on the location of ancient city of ''[[Salona]]'', which was the capital of the [[Roman province of Dalmatia]] and the birthplace of Emperor [[Diocletian]]. After the arrival of [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]] and [[Croats]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=l6JnAAAAMAAJ&q=slavs A History of the Croatian by Francis Ralph Preveden,1955]</ref> in the 7th-century, the town was destroyed, and its refugees moved to the settlement in and around Diocletian's palace, "Spalatum" ([[Split (city)|Split]]), turning it into a fortified town. In the [[Early Middle Ages]], Solin was part of Croatian territory and played an important role in the [[Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)|Medieval Croatian state]], being one of the political centres.

In the 20th century, the intensive [[industrialisation]] process of the Split basin made Solin no more than a suburb of Split. Today, with its independent municipal status, Solin is part of the [[Split (city)|Split]] [[conurbation]], well connected with other towns. Lately, besides industry, tourism is being developed based on numerous [[Archaeology|archaeological]] sites and Solin's distinctive image that comes from many urban parks along the Jadro.

==Geography==
Solin is situated north of the [[Split (city)|Split]] peninsula, in a basin surrounded by mountains Kozjak (779 m) to the north and Mosor (1339 m) to the east. The ancient city of [[Salona]] developed near the [[estuary]] of Jadro, and the later [[medieval]] settlement was formed on one of the several islands formed by the river, which is where today's center is also situated.

The city covers an area of {{convert|18|km²|0|abbr=on}}, situated in the central part of the [[Split (city)|Split]] [[conurbation]], {{convert|8|km|0|abbr=on}} north of Split, {{convert|6|km|0|abbr=on}} east of [[Kaštela]], {{convert|22|km|0|abbr=on}} east of [[Trogir]] and {{convert|4|km|0|abbr=on}} south of [[Klis]]. Residential and business parts of the city are located in the middle part of the river's flow, and on the gentle slopes that make the Solin basin. Industrial areas occupy a small valley of the upper basin of the Jadro, as well as large areas to the west of the center, on the easternmost tip of the bay of Kaštela where industrial and service port is situated. The ruins of the ancient Salona are located in the middle, to the west of today center.

The climate is [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]], with mild winters and hot summers. During the winter, a strong north-eastern wind [[Bora (wind)|Bura]] occurs frequently.

===Settlements===
The administrative area of the city of Solin includes the following settlements:<ref name="dzs-2021">{{cite web | url=https://dzs.gov.hr/vijesti/objavljeni-konacni-rezultati-popisa-2021/1270 | title=Objavljeni konačni rezultati Popisa 2021 }}</ref>

* [[Blaca, Croatia|Blaca]], population 3
* [[Kučine, Croatia|Kučine]], population 1,082
* [[Mravince]], population 1,717
* Solin, population 20,996
* [[Vranjic]], population 1,064

In the vernacular, Solin is divided into eight neighbourhoods: Centar, Priko vode, Srednja strana, Sveti Kajo, Rupotina, Vranjic, Mravince and Kučine.

{{Croatian population data graph |popisi=HRV |upisano=2022-06-04 |područje=Town of Solin |p1857=1878 |p1869=2169 |p1880=2203 |p1890=2302 |p1900=2862 |p1910=3710 |p1921=4017 |p1931=5515 |p1948=4402 |p1953=4520 |p1961=6298 |p1971=11984 |p1981=13980 |p1991=15410 |p2001=19011 |p2011=23926 |p2021=24862}}

==History==
{{more citations needed|section|date=December 2016}}

===Ancient Salona===
{{main|Salona}}
[[File:Bust of Trajan, found in Salona (Solin, Croatia), ca. 108 AD, of the so-called “Decennalia type”, Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum, Austria (20405430933).jpg|thumb|180px|left|Bust of [[Trajan]] found in Salona, currently in [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], [[Vienna]]]]
In the late ancient times, Salona's importance was great both politically and religiously. It was the birthplace of Emperor [[Diocletian]], who ruled the [[Roman Empire]] from 284 to 305 [[Anno Domini|AD]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=How Diocletian lost the hearts and minds of his fellow Dalmatians |url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/how-diocletian-lost-the-hearts-minds-of-his-fellow-dalmatians/ |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=Croatia Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-27 |title=Split Neighbourhood Guide: Where To Stay In Croatias Second City |url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/croatia/articles/split-neighbourhood-guide-where-to-stay-in-croatias-second-city |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=Culture Trip |language=en}}</ref> He was born around 244, and served as a soldier and then a Roman army officer as a young man.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-21 |title=Who Was Emperor Diocletian? |url=https://www.thecollector.com/who-was-emperor-diocletian/ |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=TheCollector |language=en}}</ref>

Salona was an early Roman settlement, which became overshadowed when Diocletian constructed the nearby [[Diocletian's Palace]] in about the year 300 AD.<ref>C. Michael Hogan, [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=17691 "Diocletian's Palace"], the Megalithic Portal, A. Burnham ed., 6 October 2007</ref> Surviving local residents of Salona, after the [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]] retreated from those regions, to a settlement "Spalatum", today's ([[Split (city)|Split]]), at the location of Diocletian's Palace (probably around the middle 7th century [[AD]]). [[Christianity]] in Salona probably originated during the time of the [[Twelve apostles|apostles]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=4 October 1998, Eucharistic Celebration at Znjan Esplanade in Split {{!}} John Paul II |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/travels/1998/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_04101998_croazia-split.html |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=www.vatican.va}}</ref>

The Apostle [[Paul of Tarsus|Paul]] mentions that his pupil [[Apostle Titus]] traveled to Dalmatia <ref>''The Holy Bible'': 2 Timothy 4, 10)</ref> so the assumption that he worked in Dalmatia's capital city of Salona, at least for a short time, is probable. That city, located on the [[Adriatic]] coast, with excellent sea connections with [[Italy]] and the [[Middle East]], attracted Christian messengers of faith.

[[File:Solin2.jpg|thumb|left|Ruins of the [[Roman amphitheater|amphitheater]] of Solin]]
Salona had a well-organized Christian community with a bishop as leader ever since the middle of the 3rd century (bishop martyr [[Venantius of Camerino|Venantius]] lived at that time). Since the fourth century, Salona honored in its large basilicas its glorious martyrs from the times of Diocletian's persecution: St Domnius (Latin: ''Domnius''; Croatian: ''Duje''; Italian: ''Domnio''), craftsman [[Anastasius the Fuller]], deacon Septimia, priest Asteria, and others.

In the fifth Century, Salona's bishops started exercising more metropolitan duties (archbishop Hezihius), and in the sixth century they carried the archbishop title as well (arhiepiscopus), and fulfilled the duties associated with the title. (archbishops [[Stephen (archbishop)|Stephen]], [[Honorius (archbishop)|Honorius]] and others). That means that at that time they held primary positions in western Illyria. Siscia's bishop from the region [[Pannonia]] joined the Dalmatian bishops on the synods held in Salona in the years 530 and 533 as a member with full rights. At the time of Diocletian, Salona had a population of 60,000.

In 639 Salona was destroyed by the Slavs.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14207a.htm ''Spalato-Macarsca (Salona)'', Catholic Encyclopedia]</ref>  After the fall of Salona and the whole region under the Avarian rule (first quarter of 7th century), worship of Salona's martyrs was moved to Rome. Namely, [[Pope John IV]] ordered transportation of parts of their relics, which he placed in a dedicated chapel close to the [[Lateran]] baptistry. The images of those saints, which had been created in mosaic by the Pope's wish, can be found today in the apside of the chapel. Search for relics for Rome was probably the incentive for Salona residents who inhabited the new city of Split, located only a few kilometers from the abandoned Salona. At the very least, they wanted to bring to Split the bones of their most important protectors: St. Domnius and [[Anastasius the Fuller|St. Anastasius]]. They placed them in what was once [[Diocletian|Diocletian's]] mausoleum, which was subsequently converted into the [[Cathedral of Saint Domnius]].

===Middle Ages===
{{Expand section|date=May 2016}}
In the 9th century, Duke [[Trpimir I of Croatia]] built a Benedictine monastery between [[Klis]] and Solin. Inscriptions dated to 852 from there are first known written record of the name of [[Croats]] in modern-day Croatian territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solin.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=52&Itemid=194|language=hr|title=Rižinice|publisher=City of Solin|access-date=24 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227011853/http://www.solin.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=52&Itemid=194|archive-date=27 February 2012}}</ref>

In the 10th century, Queen [[Helen I of Croatia|Helen (Jelena)]] had built two churches by the Jadro: the Church of St. Stephen and the Church of St. Mary. The Church of St. Stephen was [[Mausoleum of Croatian Kings|the burial place of a number of Croatian kings]] along with other nobility,<ref name="gospin-otok">{{cite web|url=http://www.solin.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50&Itemid=192|language=hr|title=Gospin otok|publisher=City of Solin|access-date=24 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120013412/http://www.solin.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50&Itemid=192|archive-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> It was destroyed by the [[Ottoman Turks]] in the 16th century. The nearby Church of Saint Mary was the burial site of [[Mihajlo Krešimir II]] and his wife Jelena, the benefactress.<ref name="gospin-otok"/>

In the 11th century, the [[Hollow Church|Church of Saint Peter and Moses]] (known today as "hollow church") was built north of Solin, near the two churches of Saint Mary and Stephen, in which [[Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia|Demetrius Zvonimir]] was crowned as king of Dalmatia and Croatia.
{{Wide image|Solin sa Klisa.jpg|700px|View of the Split conurbation (with Solin in the foreground) from Klis|box width|center|alt=alt text}}

==Transport==
Solin is situated on the D8 ([[European route E65|E65]]) Adriatic road ("Jadranska magistrala"), that becomes a 4-lane "Split bypass road" here and continues south towards Split and further down the Adriatic coast. A big roundabout south of the city centre is a major intersection with a D1 ([[European route E59|E59]]) road that connects the area of [[Split (city)|Split]] [[conurbation]] with the A1 Zagreb-Split highway.

The Zagreb-Split railway passes through the city territory. Although there is a train station in Solin ({{convert|2|km|0|abbr=on}} to the west of the city centre), only regional trains stop here. Regional rail transport is to be intensified because of the [[Split Suburban Railway]] project.

[[Split Airport]] (SPU) in Kaštela is situated {{convert|15|km|0|abbr=on}} to the west of Solin, well-connected by roads and local transport.

Public transport is organized by several bus lines operated by the [http://www.promet-split.hr Promet Split] company, which provides public transport for the [[Split (city)|Split]] conurbation. These routes are:
* #1  Starine (Solin) - HNK ([[Split (city)|Split]])
* #2  [[Kaštel Sućurac]] - Trajektna luka ([[Split (city)|Split]])
* #5  Dračevac (Solin) - HNK ([[Split (city)|Split]])
* #10 Japirko (Solin) - Trajektna luka ([[Split (city)|Split]])
* #13 Kolodvor Sukoišanska ([[Split (city)|Split]]) - Dračevac (Solin)
* #16 Ninčevići (Solin) - HNK ([[Split (city)|Split]])
* #22 Rupotina (Solin) - HNK ([[Split (city)|Split]])
* #32 Kolodvor Sukoišanska ([[Split (city)|Split]]) - Kučine (Solin)
Local bus lines from [[Split (city)|Split]] to [[Kaštela]], [[Trogir]], [[Klis]] and [[Sinj]] also stop in Solin centre.
==Demography==
As of 2021, Solin has 24,862 [[Population|inhabitants]], 49.01% of them being [[male]] and 50.09% being [[female]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dzs.gov.hr/vijesti/objavljeni-konacni-rezultati-popisa-2021/1270 | title=Objavljeni konačni rezultati Popisa 2021 }}</ref>

==Climate==
Solin's climate has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] subtype for this climate is "[[Köppen climate classification#Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates|Csa]]" ([[Mediterranean climate]]).
{{Weather box
|location = Solin, Croatia
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 17.4
| Feb record high C = 22.3
| Mar record high C = 23.2
| Apr record high C = 27.7
| May record high C = 33.2
| Jun record high C = 38.1
| Jul record high C = 38.6
| Aug record high C = 38.1
| Sep record high C = 34.2
| Oct record high C = 27.9
| Nov record high C = 25.8
| Dec record high C = 18.1
|year record high C = 38.6
| Jan high C = 10.3
| Feb high C = 11.0
| Mar high C = 13.7
| Apr high C = 17.4
| May high C = 22.5
| Jun high C = 26.7
| Jul high C = 29.8
| Aug high C = 29.5
| Sep high C = 25.1
| Oct high C = 20.0
| Nov high C = 14.9
| Dec high C = 11.5
| Jan mean C = 7.9
| Feb mean C = 8.3
| Mar mean C = 10.6
| Apr mean C = 14.2
| May mean C = 19.1
| Jun mean C = 23.0
| Jul mean C = 25.9
| Aug mean C = 25.5
| Sep mean C = 21.4
| Oct mean C = 17.0
| Nov mean C = 12.5
| Dec mean C = 9.2
| Jan low C = 5.4
| Feb low C = 5.5
| Mar low C = 7.6
| Apr low C = 10.8
| May low C = 15.2
| Jun low C = 18.8
| Jul low C = 21.6
| Aug low C = 21.5
| Sep low C = 18.1
| Oct low C = 14.1
| Nov low C = 9.9
| Dec low C = 6.0
| Jan record low C = -9.0
| Feb record low C = -8.1
| Mar record low C = -6.6
| Apr record low C = 0.3
| May record low C = 4.8
| Jun record low C = 9.1
| Jul record low C = 13.0
| Aug record low C = 11.2
| Sep record low C = 8.8
| Oct record low C = 3.8
| Nov record low C = -4.5
| Dec record low C = -6.3
|year record low C = -9.0
| Jan precipitation mm = 77.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 62.8
| Mar precipitation mm = 63.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 62.6
| May precipitation mm = 55.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 49.7
| Jul precipitation mm = 26.3
| Aug precipitation mm = 42.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 71.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 76.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 112.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 103.5
| Jan rain days = 11
| Feb rain days = 10
| Mar rain days = 10
| Apr rain days = 9
| May rain days = 9
| Jun rain days = 9
| Jul rain days = 6
| Aug rain days = 5
| Sep rain days = 7
| Oct rain days = 9
| Nov rain days = 12
| Dec rain days = 12
| Jan snow days = 1
| Feb snow days = 2
| Mar snow days = 0
| Apr snow days = 0
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0
| Nov snow days = 0
| Dec snow days = 1
| Jan sun = 131.5
| Feb sun = 147.9
| Mar sun = 186.8
| Apr sun = 217.2
| May sun = 273.0
| Jun sun = 307.4
| Jul sun = 350.3
| Aug sun = 324.8
| Sep sun = 247.3
| Oct sun = 196.9
| Nov sun = 130.6
| Dec sun = 119.3
|source 1 = National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (Croatia) <ref name= DHMZ >
{{cite web
  | url = http://klima.hr/klima_e.php?id=mjes&param=01
  | title = Monthly Climate Values
  | publisher = [[Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service]]
  | access-date = 13 July 2013
}}</ref>
|source 2 = World Weather Information Service <ref name= WWIS >
{{cite web
  | url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/019/c00073.htm
  | title = Climatological Information
  | publisher = World Meteorological Organization
  | access-date = 13 July 2013
}}</ref>
|date=July 2013
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.solin.hr Solin official website]
* [http://www.solin-info.com Tourist board of Solin, with tourist info in English]
* [http://www.st.carnet.hr/split/solin.html Salona]
* [http://www.mdc.hr/split-arheoloski/eng/FS-dislocirani.html The archaeological complex of Salona (part of the Archaeological museum of Split)]
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?q=&t=k&ll=43.535,16.485&spn=0.043059,0.079823 Solin on Google Maps]
{{Split-Dalmatia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Croatia]]
[[Category:Populated places in Split-Dalmatia County]]
[[Category:Former capitals of Croatia]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Croatia]]
[[Category:Solin| ]]