Editing Sosnowiec

{{other places|Sosnowiec (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sosnowiec
| settlement_type = [[City with powiat rights|City county]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| image1 = Plac Powstańców Styczniowych oraz budynek dworca kolejowego Sosnowiec Główny, Sosnowiec, 24 czerwiec 2024, KsP (cropped).jpg{{!}}Sosnowiec Główny railway station
| image2 = Sosnowiec, Sielec, Zamek Sielecki, KsP 02 (cropped)2.jpg{{!}}Medieval Sielecki Castle in the Sielec district
| image3 = Katedra p.w. Wniebowzięcia NMP w Sosnowcu (cropped).jpg{{!}}Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
| image4 = Sosnowiec Modrzejowska.jpg{{!}}Modrzejowska Street
| image5 = Neobarokowy pałac Schoena w Sosnowcu w zimie, widok od strony północnej- siedziba muzeum.jpg{{!}}Schön Palace = Sosnowiec Museum
}}
| image_caption = {{hlist|Left to right: [[Sosnowiec Główny railway station|Main railway station]]|[[Sielecki Castle]]|[[Sosnowiec Cathedral]]|Modrzejowska Street|Old [[Schön Palace|Schön's Palace]]}}
| image_flag = POL Sosnowiec flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Sosnowiec COA.svg
| image_blank_emblem = SOSNOWIEC_LOGO.png
| blank_emblem_type = Brandmark
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = right
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Silesian Voivodeship|name=Silesian}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = ''city county''
| leader_title = City mayor
| leader_name = [[Arkadiusz Chęciński]] ([[Civic Coalition (Poland)|KO]])
| established_title3 = City rights
| established_date3 = 1902
| area_total_km2 = 90.16
| population_as_of = 31 December 2022
| population_total = 189,178 {{decrease}} ([[List of cities and towns in Poland|17th]])<ref name=ludność>{{cite web|title=GUS Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2023 roku|url=http://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5515/3/17/1/rocznik_demograficzny_2023_zakladki_pl.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
| population_density_km2 = 2075
| population_urban = 2746000
| population_metro = 4620624
| population_demonym = sosnowiczanin (male) <br/> sosnowiczanka (female) ([[Polish language|pl]])
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|50|17|N|19|08|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| elevation_m = 250
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 41-200 to 41-225
| area_code = +48 32
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = SO
| blank_name_sec2 = Primary airport
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Katowice Airport]]
| website = {{URL|www.sosnowiec.pl}}
| module = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=10 |height=300 |width= | stroke-width=1 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}
'''Sosnowiec'''{{efn|
* Pronunciation:
** {{IPAc-en|UK|s|ɒ|s|ˈ|n|ɒ|v|j|ɛ|t|s}}<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Sosnowiec |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182307/https://www.lexico.com/definition/sosnowiec |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Sosnowiec |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref>
** {{IPAc-en|US|-|ˈ|n|ɔː|v|-|,_|-|ˈ|n|oʊ|v|-}}<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Sosnowiec|access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Sosnowiec|access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref>
** {{IPA|pl|sɔsˈnɔvjɛts|lang|Pl-Sosnowiec-2.ogg}}'
* [[German language|German]]: ''Sosnowice'', ''Sosnowitz''
* [[Russian language|Russian]]: ''Сосновец'', transcription: ''Sosnovyets''
* [[Silesian language|Silesian]]: ''Sosnowjec''}} is an industrial [[city with powiat rights|city county]] in the [[Dąbrowa Basin]] of southern [[Poland]], in the [[Silesian Voivodeship]], which is also part of the [[Metropolis GZM]] municipal association.<ref name="Ustawa">{{cite news |title=Silesian Metropolis. The bill has been passed. Why it matters? |trans-title=Metropolia śląska. Ustawa metropolitalna przyjęta. Czemu to ważne dla okolic Katowic? |publisher=[[Wyborcza]].pl |quote=W połowie marca parlament przegłosował ustawę metropolitalną dla konurbacji katowickiej. Nowy twór - metropolia śląska, nie ma jednego centrum; rolę takich centrów odgrywają Katowice, Gliwice i Sosnowiec. Topografia metropolii śląskiej (z Sosnowcem włącznie) jest pokazana na mapie. Zwróć się do poradni gdy masz kłopoty ze wzrokiem. |url=http://biqdata.wyborcza.pl/biqdata/7,159116,22156800,metropolia-slaska-ustawa-metropolitalna-przyjeta-czemu-to.html |author=Szymon Pifczyk |date=April 4, 2017}}<br>—— {{cite journal |journal=Dz.U. 2017 Poz. 730 |publisher=Kancelaria Sejmu |pages=1–12 |date=2017-04-13 |title=USTAWA z dnia 9 marca 2017 r. o związku metropolitalnym w województwie śląskim, pod nazwą Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolia. Pozytywna opinia Wojewody |url=http://www.gzm.org.pl/project/zdjeciaDodatkowe/opinia%20wojewoda.pdf}}</ref> Located in the eastern part of the [[Upper Silesian Industrial Region]], Sosnowiec is one of the cities of the [[Katowice urban area]], which is a [[conurbation]] with a total population of 2.7 million people; as well as the greater [[Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area]] populated by about 5.3 million people.<ref>[[European Spatial Planning Observation Network]] (ESPON) [https://www.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf Study on Urban Functions.] ESPON project 1.4.3; April 2007, pp. 93–94. "Upper Silesian polycentric metropolitan area. Inside the Katowice morphological area, the main municipalities are Katowice (338), Sosnowiec (240), Gliwice (208), Bytom (200), Zabrze (196), Ruda Slaska (153), Tychy (130), Dabrowa Gornicza (130), and Chorzow (120). Nine other municipalities have less than 100,000 inhabitants."</ref> The population of the city is 189,178 as of December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GUS |date=2023 |title=Rocznik demograficzny 2023 |url=http://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5515/3/17/1/rocznik_demograficzny_2023_zakladki_pl.pdf |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=www.stat.gov.pl}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:GZM location map.svg|thumb|left|Sosnowiec within the [[Metropolis GZM]]<ref name="Ustawa"/>]]
It is believed that the name Sosnowiec originates from the Polish word ''[[wiktionary:sosna|sosna]]'', referring to the [[pine]] forests growing in the area prior to 1830. The village was originally known as ''Sosnowice''. Other variations of the name include ''Sosnowietz, Sosnowitz, Sosnovitz'' ([[Yiddish]]), ''Sosnovyts, Sosnowyts, Sosnovytz, Sosnowytz,'' and ''Sosnovetz''. There are five other smaller settlements in Poland also called Sosnowiec, located in the [[Kielce Voivodship]], [[Łódź Voivodship]], and [[Opole Voivodship]].

Sosnowiec serves as one of the administrative centres of the geographical and historical area of southern Poland known as the [[Zagłębie Dąbrowskie]] (the Dąbrowa Basin). It lies within the historic [[Lesser Poland]] region near the border with [[Silesia]]. It is located about {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} north-east to the centre of [[Katowice]] and {{convert|65|km|mi|abbr=on}} north-west of [[Kraków]], situated in the [[Silesian Upland]] on the rivers [[Brynica]] and [[Przemsza]], a tributary of the [[Vistula]]. The full list of rivers includes [[Biała Przemsza]] as well as Czarna Przemsza, [[Brynica]], Bobrek, and Potok Zagórski creek. The city is part of the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously (since 1945), it was part of [[Katowice Voivodeship]], and before [[World War II]], Sosnowiec belonged to [[Kielce Voivodeship]].

==History==
===Early history===
[[File:Zamek Sielecki 2.JPG|thumb|left|Medieval [[Sielecki Castle]] in the Sielec district]]

The history of the city begins in 1902 when it was granted [[town privileges|city rights]] after the merger a number of older settlements. However, the history of the village of Sosnowiec dates back to the year 1227, when it was mentioned for the first time. It was a small settlement in the Polish [[Seniorate Province|Duchy of Kraków]], located in close vicinity of much larger and better-developed villages of Sielce and [[Zagórze, Sosnowiec|Zagórze]] (both are now districts of the city). Other districts are even older. Milowice was first mentioned in 1123 as ''Miley''. Documents from 1228 already mention Milowice, [[Klimontów, Sosnowiec|Klimontów]], and [[Zagórze, Sosnowiec|Zagórze]]. Furthermore, Milowice was placed on a 1561 map.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

As part of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], Sosnowiec belonged to [[Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795)|Kraków Voivodeship]] in the larger [[Lesser Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Lesser Poland Province]]. It became a [[border town]] after the neighbouring [[Duchy of Silesia|Duchies of Silesia]] passed to the [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Bohemian Crown]] in 1335. In the result of the [[third partition of Poland]] in 1795, however, it was seized by the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] and was included into the newly established province of [[New Silesia]]. During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], it became part of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]] in 1807 and later, of [[Congress Poland]] ruled by the [[Namiestnik of Poland|namiestniks]] of the [[Russian Empire]]. Located at the borders with the [[German Empire]] and [[Austria-Hungary]], Sosnowiec became famous for the [[Three Emperors' Corner]] [[tripoint]], which was located within current limits of the city. During the [[January Uprising]], in February 1863, the [[Battle of Sosnowiec]] was fought, in which Polish insurgents led by {{interlanguage link|Apolinary Kurowski|pl|display=1}}<nowiki/> defeated the Russians.<ref name=tz>{{cite web|url=http://twojezaglebie.pl/powstanie-styczniowe-zaglebiu/|title=Powstanie styczniowe w Zagłębiu. Sprawdź, jak Zagłębiacy zaskoczyli Imperium Rosyjskie|website=Twoje Zagłębie|author=Mateusz Załęski|date=29 January 2017|access-date=7 November 2020|language=pl}}</ref> The victory allowed the Poles to take control of the surrounding towns as well.<ref name=tz/>

===City rights===
[[File:Sosnowiec - ul. Malachowskiego. 1930-1935 (71359139).jpg|thumb|left|Sosnowiec in the 1930s]]
With effect from 10 June 1902, by the order of Emperor [[Nicholas II of Russia]], Sosnowiec was legally named a city with the area of {{convert|19|km²|0|abbr=out}} and with 60,000 inhabitants. Obtaining the city rights helped the economic and cultural development of the town. Apart from steelworks and coal-mines and many enterprises of heavy and light industry, new cultural and social establishments were opened as well. The newly established town consisted of the districts of Sosnowiec, Pogoń, Ostra Górka, Sielec, Kuźnica and Radocha, all of which had been separate villages before. The very fact that Russian authorities waited for so long to grant Sosnowiec town rights is seen as a punishment for local support for the Polish [[January Uprising]] 1863/64, after which numerous towns had seen their status, and were reduced to a village status. Sosnowiec was the first post-1860s location in Congress Poland to have received town charter, the second being [[Puławy]] in 1906.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
 
Natural resources and a good geographical location had an important influence on the development of Sosnowiec. The opening of a branch line of the [[Warsaw-Vienna Railway]] in 1859 was vitally important for the growth of the town. Development of industry with the new factory of rope and wire, rolling mill, steelworks, iron foundry, steam boilers factory, and later spinning mill, dye-house and paper mill sealed the new image of the town as entirely urban. The ''Summer Theatre'' and, in 1887, the ''Winter Theatre ''were founded, the second of which was called City Theatre from 1924 in [[Second Polish Republic|independent Poland]], and later the ''Theatre of Zagłębie''. In 1915, the village of [[Środula]] was incorporated into Sosnowiec.

Poland finally regained independence in 1918, after [[World War I]]. In the [[Second Polish Republic]], Sosnowiec became part of the [[Kielce Voivodeship]], and in 1934 the ''City County of Sosnowiec'' was established. Sosnowiec suffered war damages during both major military conflicts in the 20th century: [[World War I]], which caused mainly destruction to industry, and [[World War II]], which brought about the terror of executions.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

===World War II===
[[File:Public execution of Poles, Sosnowiec city, German-occupied Poland, 1939.jpg|thumb|left|Public execution of Poles in 1939 by the Germans during World War II]]
After the 1939 [[Invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]], the city was [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied]] by [[Nazi Germany]] and renamed ''Sosnowitz''. On September 4, 1939, German troops murdered 10 Poles, including 15-year-old boy Henryk Słomka, in Sosnowiec in revenge for Polish defense.<ref name=mw>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|page=135}}</ref> Around the same time, the Germans murdered nine Poles in nearby [[Klimontów, Sosnowiec|Klimontów]] (present-day district of Sosnowiec).<ref name=mw/> The ''[[Einsatzgruppen|Einsatzgruppe zbV]]'' entered the city on September 12, 1939.<ref>Wardzyńska, p. 59</ref> The German police carried out mass searches of Polish houses.<ref>Wardzyńska, p. 119</ref> Initially under [[Military Administration in Poland|military administration]] set up as part of the [[General Government]], Sosnowiec was [[Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany|annexed by Germany]] and incorporated into the [[Province of Silesia]] on 20 November 1939. In March 1940, the Germans established a transit camp (''Gefangenensammellager'') for arrested Poles in Sosnowiec.<ref>Wardzyńska, p. 139</ref> Inhabitants of Sosnowiec were also among Poles murdered in [[Celiny, Tarnowskie Góry County|Celiny]] in June 1940.<ref>Wardzyńska, p. 142</ref> The Germans operated three labour subcamps of the [[Stalag VIII-B|Stalag VIII-B/344]] [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] in the city, and two more in the present-day district of Klimontów.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|title=Working Parties|website=Lamsdorf: Stalag VIIIB 344 Prisoner of War Camp 1940 - 1945|access-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> The [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish underground resistance movement]] was active in the city.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

[[File:Sosnowiec Ghetto liquidation.jpg|thumb|alt=|Liquidation of the [[Sosnowiec Ghetto]] in 1943 by the Germans during World War&nbsp;II]]
In June 1943 thousands of Jews were deported from [[Sosnowiec Ghetto]] to the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]. The ghetto was liquidated two months later and almost all remaining Jews (around 15,000) were also deported to Auschwitz. Previously there had been considerable underground activity among them. The Germans established and operated two subcamps of the Auschwitz concentration camp in the city. In the first subcamp they held about 100 Polish [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labourers]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/sosnowitz-i/|title=Sosnowitz (I)|website=Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau|access-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> and in the second, larger, they held hundreds of forced labourers, initially mostly Jews.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/sosnowitz-ii/|title=Sosnowitz (II)|website=Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau|access-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> In 1944, the Germans sent [[Kidnapping of children by Nazi Germany|kidnapped Polish children]] from Sosnowiec to the [[Potulice concentration camp]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Paczoska|first=Alicja|year=2003|title=Dzieci Potulic|magazine=Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej|language=pl|publisher=IPN|issue=12–1 (35–36)|page=63|issn=1641-9561}}</ref>

The [[Vistula–Oder Offensive]] of the [[Red Army]] in January 1945 brought about the liberation of the city.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

===Post-war===
[[File:Hotel Centrum Sosnowiec Warszawska nocą.jpg|thumb|Hotel Centrum]]
After World War II, Sosnowiec further developed. On June 1, 1975, the metropolitan area was expanded when the neighbouring locations of Zagórze, Kazimierz Górniczy, Porąbka, Klimontów, and Maczki, became its districts. By 1977 the population of the city reached 200,000. Further growth was accelerated by the construction of [[Katowice Steelworks]], and in 1981, the population of Sosnowiec was 250,000, reaching its peak in 1987, when it was 259,000. Since then, the population has been declining. In 1992, the city became the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sosnowiec]].

==Economy==
[[File:A skyscraper in Sosnowiec called Żyleta, the tallest academic building in Poland.jpg|thumb|Faculty of Earth Science, [[University of Silesia]]]]
Sosnowiec is characterised by its urban dynamics, economic activity, cultural heritage, and natural environment. In recent years, Sosnowiec was further developed from an industrial centre (with mainly mining and heavy industries) into a hub of trade and services. Nevertheless, it still operates several important coal mines, steel factories and other industrial plants. Its Special Economic Zone, established in Sosnowiec thanks to the efforts of local authorities, plays a major role in attracting new businesses into the area. As a result, several companies with Polish and foreign capital opened their businesses in the city. Sosnowiec City Office was awarded the [[ISO 9001]] 2001 quality certificate for its management system for providing services for the local community.

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations|align=none|cols=2|1910|98748|1921|86497|1931|109454|1939|130000|1950|96448|1960|131654|1970|145000|1978|229786|1988|258635|2002|232622|2011|216420|2021|193660|source=<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Dokumentacja Geograficzna|volume=3/4|year=1967|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Geografii [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|page=47}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Sosnowiec | title=Sosnowiec (śląskie) » mapy, nieruchomości, GUS, noclegi, szkoły, regon, atrakcje, kody pocztowe, wypadki drogowe, bezrobocie, wynagrodzenie, zarobki, tabele, edukacja, demografia }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographic and occupational structure and housing conditions of the urban population in 1978-1988|url=https://statlibr.stat.gov.pl/exlibris/aleph/a22_1/apache_media/RQ1U9XAX48KJJDQ54QSAFQKQ6AK6GS.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Statistics Poland - National Censuses|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/podgrup/temat/}}</ref>}}
{{clear|left}}

==Districts==
[[File:Park Sielecki, Sosnowiec, 3 Maja street.jpg|thumb|[[Sielec Park]]]]
[[File:Sosnowiec, Osiedle Środula widziane z Parku Środula, jesień 2021 -03.jpg|thumb|[[Środula]] district]]
For Sosnowiec's 100th birthday, the downtown area was thoroughly rebuilt, to harmonise its architectural layout and give the city a more modern image. In 2004 Sosnowiec authorities and designers were awarded the Grand Prix for the rebuilding of the downtown area in a competition for the best public space in the ''Śląskie'' Provinces. This investment had been accompanied by a program designed to improve the esthetic qualities of the city, under which a comprehensive program for unifying the colors of the elevations, and advertisements entitled “rainbow city” were introduced. Among the city districts there are:
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*Dańdówka
*[[Dębowa Góra, Silesian Voivodeship|Dębowa Góra]]
*Jęzor
*Juliusz
*Kazimierz Górniczy
*[[Klimontów, Sosnowiec|Klimontów]]
*Maczki
*Milowice
*Modrzejów
*Niwka
*Ostra Górka
*Ostrowy Górnicze
*Pogoń
*Porąbka
*Radocha
*Rudna
*Sielec
*Stary Sosnowiec
*[[Środula]]
*Sosnowiec Śródmieście 
*[[Zagórze, Sosnowiec|Zagórze]]
{{div col end}}

{{Adjacent communities|width=auto|state=expanded
| Centre = Sosnowiec
| N = [[Będzin]]
| NE = [[Dąbrowa Górnicza]]
| E = [[Sławków]]
| SE = [[Jaworzno]]
| S = 
| SW = [[Mysłowice]] 
| W = [[Katowice]]
| NW = [[Czeladź]]
}}

==Points of interest==
[[File:Pałac Dietlów, Sosnowiec.jpg|thumb|[[Dietel Palace]]]]
There are many relics of the industrial era, especially residences of industrialists. Most of them are located outside the strict city center, on the Czarna [[Przemsza]] river bank. One of the oldest is a 17th-century castle known as the [[Sielecki Castle]]. Other main tourist attractions include:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sosnowiec - Śląskie. Informacja Turystyczna Województwa Ś... |url=https://www.slaskie.travel/article/1019278 |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Slaskie Travel |language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Zabytki w Sosnowcu |url=https://zabytek.pl/pl/szukaj?szukaj=Sosnowiec |website=Zabytek.pl |language=pl}}</ref>

{{Div col}}
* [[The Dietel Palace]]
* [[Schöen Palace (Sosnowiec)|Schöen Palace]] and museum
* [[Oskar Schöen's Palace (Sosnowiec)|Oskar Schöen's Palace]] called also New Schöen Palace
* Wilhelm Palace
* [[Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Sosnowiec|Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary]]
* [[Orthodox Church of the Holy Virgin, Hope, Luby and their mother Zofia (Sosnowiec)|Orthodox Church of the Holy Virgin, Hope, Luby and their mother Zofia]]
* [[St. John Evangelical Church (Sosnowiec)|St. John Evangelical Church]]
* [[Church of St. Thomas in Sosnowiec|St Thomas Church]]
* [[Sosnowiec Główny railway station|Railway Station Sosnowiec Główny]]
* Railway Station Sosnowiec Maczki
* Old Jewish cemetery
* [[Three Emperors' Corner]]
{{Div col end}}

===Parks and gardens===
Sosnowiec has more than 2,250 ha of green areas occurring as parks, squares, protection zones, lot gardens and forests. In the area of the city preserved many parks established at the residence of industrialists, and also created a lot of new. Many of them present historical and natural value. Main parks and green areas include the [[Sielec Park]], which is a historical park at the [[Sielecki Castle|castle]] with many natural monuments; the historical [[Dietel Park]]; the Park-Palace Complex of Schöen with two palaces; the Millennium Park, the [[Środula Park]] with a [[Zagłębie Sports Park|sports complex]]; the nature park "Szopienice-Borki"; as well as the peat bog "Bory" protected area, part of [[Natura 2000]].

==Education and science==
[[File:US wiinom.jpg|thumb|right|225px|[[University of Silesia|University of Silesia in Katowice]] - Faculty of Computer and Materials Science]]

Institutions of higher learning in Sosnowiec include:
* The [[University of Silesia in Katowice]] (schools of modern languages, natural science, technology and a language teacher training college)
** Faculty of Earth Science
** Faculty of Computer and Materials Science
** Faculty of Philology
* The [[Medical University of Silesia|Medical University of Silesia in Katowice]],
** Faculty of Pharmacy
* The private School of Marketing and Management

Among general secondary level schools in Sosnowiec there are high-schools such as the II Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Emilii Plater, III Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Bolesława Prusa, and IV Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Stanisława Staszica.

==Sports==
[[File:Arena Sosnowiec w kompleksie Zagłębiowski Park Sportowy, Sosnowiec, czerwiec 2024 , 021.jpg|thumb|[[Arena Sosnowiec]], home venue of the [[KH Zagłębie Sosnowiec]] ice hockey team]]
* [[Zagłębie Sosnowiec]] – men's [[Football in Poland|football]] team, four times [[Polish Cup]] winner
* [[KH Zagłębie Sosnowiec]] – [[ice hockey]] team, which competes in the [[Polska Hokej Liga]] (top division), five times Polish champions
* [[Płomień Sosnowiec]] – men's [[Volleyball in Poland|volleyball]] team playing in [[Polish Volleyball League]] (top division), phoenix club of [[Płomień Milowice]], in total 3 times Polish champions and winners of the 1977–78 [[CEV Champions League]]
* [[Czarni Sosnowiec]] – most accomplished Polish women's football club, 12 times Polish champions, playing in the [[Ekstraliga (women's football)|Ekstraliga]] (top division)

==Notable people==
[[File:Kiepura, Jan 0.jpg|thumb|upright=0.55|[[Jan Kiepura]]]]
[[File:Władysław Szpilman.jpg|thumb|upright=0.55|[[Władysław Szpilman]]]]

*[[Ignaz von Szyszylowicz]] (1857–1910), Polish botanist
*[[Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz]] (1882–1942), fourth and last Rebbe of the Radomsk Hasidic dynasty<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishpressads.com/printArticle.cfm?contentid=38878 |title=Radomsker Rebbe's Yahrzeit |work=[[The Jewish Press]] |last=Tannenbaum |first=Rabbi Gershon |date=7 April 2009 |access-date=9 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615210441/http://www.jewishpressads.com/printArticle.cfm?contentid=38878 |archive-date=15 June 2012 }}</ref>
*[[Jacek Mierzejewski]] (1883–1925), Polish painter
*[[Shlomo Sztencl]] (1884–1919), Polish Orthodox Jewish rabbi<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Sosnowiec/Sosnowiec.html |title=The Book of Sosnowiec and the Surrounding Region in Zaglebie |page=142 |volume=1 |location=Tel Aviv |first=Me'ir Shymon |last=Gashury|year=1974|publisher=Sosnowiec Societies in Israel and the United States, France and other countries}}</ref>
*[[Władysław Szafer]] (1886–1970), Polish botanist and palaeobotanist
*[[Zbigniew Babiński]] (1896–1940), Polish military and sports aviator
*[[Shlomo Zev Zweigenhaft]] (1915–2005), Orthodox Jewish Rabbi
*[[Jan Kiepura]] (1902–1966), Polish singer and actor
*[[Paul Godwin]] (1902–1982), Polish-German violinist
*[[Jędrzej Giertych]] (1903–1992), Polish politician
*[[Maus|Władysław Spiegelman]] (1906–1982), father of [[Art Spiegelman]]
*[[Yehiel De-Nur|Yehiel Feiner]] (1909–2001), the widely translated writer of Holocaust novels known by his pseudonym Ka-Tzetnik
*[[Władysław Szpilman]] (1911–2000), Polish pianist and classical composer, widely known as the central figure in the 2002 [[Roman Polanski]] film ''[[The Pianist (2002 film)|The Pianist]]''
*[[Edward Gierek]] (1913–2001), Polish communist politician; [[General Secretary of the Communist Party|first secretary]] of the ruling [[Polish United Workers' Party]] (PZPR) 
*[[Haim Hefer]] (1925–2012), Israeli poet and songwriter
*[[Stanisław Jaros]] (1932–1963), Polish anti-communist activist
*[[Krystyna Czajkowska]] (born 1936), Polish volleyball player
*[[Jacek M. Zurada]] (born 1944), Polish engineer
*[[James Spigelman]] (born 1946), Australian judge who served as Chief Justice of New South Wales from 1998 to 2011
*[[Jacek Majchrowski]] (born 1947), Polish politician and historian, [[Mayor of Kraków]]
*[[Magdalena Piekorz]] (born 1974), Polish film director and screenwriter
*[[Piotr Łukasiewicz (diplomat)|Piotr Łukasiewicz]] (born 1974) is a Polish diplomat
*[[Łukasz Simlat]] (born 1977), Polish actor
*[[Joanna Krupa]] (born 1979), Polish-American model, actress and animal rights activist
*[[Marcin Drzymont]] (born 1981), Polish footballer<ref>{{90minut|2697}}</ref>
*[[Marcin Koniusz]] (born 1983), Polish sabre fencer
*[[Daria Gosek-Popiołek]] (born 1985), Polish politician 
*[[Eugen Polanski]] (born 1986), Polish footballer
*[[Łukasz Litewka]] (born 1989), Polish politician
*[[Paula Kania]] (born 1992), Polish tennis player
*[[Szwedzki]], street artist, active since 2000

==International relations==
===Consulates===
There is an Honorary Consulate of [[Bangladesh]] in Sosnowiec.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.pl/web/dyplomacja/misje-dyplomatyczne-urzedy-konsularne-i-organizacje-miedzynarodowe-w-polsce|title=Misje dyplomatyczne, urzędy konsularne i organizacje międzynarodowe w Polsce|website=Portal Gov.pl|language=pl|access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref>

===Twin towns – sister cities===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
[[File:Sosnowiec Miasta Partnerskie.jpg|thumb|Sosnowiec twin towns]]
Sosnowiec is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Współpraca z miastami partnerskimi|url=http://www.sosnowiec.pl/miasto/artykuly/k1,96,zakochaj_sie_w_sosnowcu/k2,171,wspolpraca_z_miastami_partnerskimi/|website=sosnowiec.pl|publisher=Sosnowiec|language=pl|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagdeco|UKR}} [[Derhachi]], Ukraine
*{{flagdeco|POL}} [[Gmina Dziwnów|Dziwnów]], Poland
*{{flagdeco|GER}} [[Idar-Oberstein]], Germany
*{{flagdeco|HUN}} [[Komárom]], Hungary
*{{flagdeco|MAR}} [[Maârif|Maârif (Casablanca)]], Morocco
*{{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Les Mureaux]], France
*{{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Roubaix]], France
*{{flagdeco|ROU}} [[Suceava]], Romania
*{{flagdeco|UKR}} [[Sambir]], Ukraine<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraiński Sambor miastem partnerskim Sosnowca – Sosnowiec łączy |url=https://www.sosnowiec.pl/2024/05/wyroznione/ukrainski-sambor-miastem-partnerskim-sosnowca/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |language=pl-PL}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sosnowiec}}
*[http://www.sosnowiec.pl/ Official web site of Sosnowiec]
*[https://sosnowiec.toborek.info Sosnowiec on an old photography] (in Polish)
*[http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/local/PLXX0022 Local weather in Sosnowiec, Weather.com]
*[http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?searchtype=address&formtype=search&countryid=PL&addtohistory=&country=PL&city=sOSNOWIEC&submit=Get+Map Mapquest link to 6 towns in Poland called Sosnowiec]
*[http://nowy.sosnowiec.info/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=131 Pictures of Sosnowiec] (in Polish)
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/sosnowiec/ Jewish Community in Sosnowiec] on Virtual Shtetl
*[http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Sosnowiec/Sosnowiec.html#Soc Yizkor book of Sosnowiec]
*[http://web.nli.org.il/sites/NLI/Hebrew/music/news/Pages/hefer.aspx Note about Haim Hefer (1925–2012)] (in Hebrew)
* {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|529478|Sosnowiec, Poland}}
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[[Category:Sosnowiec| ]]
[[Category:City counties of Poland]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]
[[Category:Sites of Nazi war crimes during the Invasion of Poland]]