Editing SoundFont

{{Short description|File format containing audio samples for use in sequenced music}}
{{Distinguish|Sound chip|SFZ (file format)}}
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{{Lead too short|date=December 2022}}
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{{ listen
| filename    = Pascal_Provost_-_Side_By_Side.ogg
| title       = Example of what can be achieved with SoundFonts available in the public domain
| description = 1:15 song, MIDI played through SoundFonts
}}
[[File:Soundfont Comparison (Updated).wav|thumb|Playing a single MIDI file while switching between several SoundFont files available on the Internet.<br /><br />SoundFont files used in the chronological order: <br />
<br />• SONiVOX EAS GM Wavetable (Legacy Android Soundset)* [1 MB]<br />• RLNDGM.sf2 (Microsoft GS Wavetable Synth)* [3 MB]<br />• FluidR3 GM.sf2 [141 MB]<br />• SGM-V2.01.sf2 [235 MB]<br />• Orpheus_1.047.sf2* [1.18 GB]<br />• ChoriumRevA.sf2 (Modified) [56 MB]<br />• ColomboGMGS2 SoundFont v14.5 [245 MB]<br /><br /> *Marked soundfonts fall back to play "Muted Guitar" at Bank 0. whereas the MIDI file addresses "Muted Distortion Guitar" at Bank 1 ([[Roland Sound Canvas|SC-88]])]]
'''SoundFont''' is a [[brand name]] that collectively refers to a [[file format]] and associated technology that uses [[sample-based synthesis]] to play [[MIDI]] files. It was first used on the [[Sound Blaster AWE32]] sound card for its [[General MIDI]] support.

SoundFont is a [[trademark|registered trademark]] of [[Creative Technology|Creative Technology, Ltd.]], and the exclusive license for re-formatting and managing historical SoundFont content has been acquired by [[Digital Sound Factory]].<ref>{{ cite web | year = 2007 | accessdate =2007-08-30 | url = http://rekkerd.org/digital-sound-factory-releases-soundfont-libraries/ | title = Digital Sound Factory releases SoundFont libraries }}</ref>

Starting in the late 2010s, the derived term ''soundfont'' has gradually gained online colloquial status to refer to [[chiptune]] – specifically the soundscape of a console's sound chip. Any video game console that utilizes sequenced audio is often referred as having "the [console] soundfont", similar to the usage of [[wikt:Coke#Noun|Coke]] to refer to any soft drink. Additionally, it can also refer to a video game's audio data that specifically uses [[Video game music#Early digital synthesis and sampling|reusable digital samples]].{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

== Specification ==
The newest version of the SoundFont file format is 2.04 (or 2.4), released in 2005. It is based on the [[Resource Interchange File Format|RIFF format]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.synthfont.com/sfspec24.pdf|title=SoundFont® Technical Specification 2006}}</ref>

== History ==
The original SoundFont file format was developed in the early 1990s by [[E-mu Systems]] and [[Creative Labs]]. A specification for this version was never released to the public. The first and only major device to utilize this version was Creative's [[Sound Blaster AWE32]] in 1994. Files in this format conventionally have the [[file extension]] of {{Not a typo|.SBK}}.

SoundFont 2.0 was developed in 1996. This file format generalized the data representation using perceptually additive real world units, redefined some of the instrument layering features within the format, added true stereo sample support and removed some obscure features of the first version whose behavior was difficult to specify. This version was fully disclosed as a public specification, with the goal of making the SoundFont format an industry standard. All SoundFont 1.0 compatible devices were updated to support the SoundFont 2.0 format shortly after it was released to the public, and consequently the 1.0 version became obsolete. Files in this and all other 2.x formats (see below) conventionally have the file extension of {{Not a typo|.SF2}}.

Version 2.01<ref>{{cite web | title=SoundFont Technical Specification 1998| url=https://www.synthfont.com/SFSPEC21.PDF | access-date=5 April 2024}}</ref> (or 2.1) of the SoundFont file format was introduced in 1998,<ref>{{ cite web | accessdate = 2014-11-10 | url = http://freepats.zenvoid.org/sf2/sfapp21.pdf | title = SoundFont 2.1 Application Note }}</ref> with an E-mu sound card product called the Audio Production Studio. This version added features allowing sound designers to configure the way MIDI controllers influence synthesizer parameters. It is bidirectionally compatible with 2.0, which means that synthesizers capable of rendering 2.01 format will also by definition render 2.0 format, and synthesizers that are only capable of rendering 2.0 format will also read and render the new format, but just not apply the new features.

SoundFont 2.04 was introduced in 2005 with the [[Sound Blaster X-Fi]]. The 2.04 format added support for 24-bit samples. The 2.04 format is bidirectionally compatible with the 2.01 format, so synthesizers that are only capable of rendering 2.0 or 2.01 format would automatically render instruments using 24-bit samples at 16-bit precision.

== Functionality ==

MIDI files do not contain any sounds, only instructions to play them. To play such files, sample-based MIDI synthesizers use recordings of instruments and sounds stored in a file or [[Read-only memory|ROM]] chip. SoundFont-compatible synthesizers allow users to use SoundFont banks with custom samples to play their music. 

Since MIDI files only contain instructions (akin to sheet music), SoundFonts can easily be swapped out to play MIDI files. Doing this changes the instrumentation (how it sounds), but retains the compositional integrity (how it is played). For example, a MIDI file with a sequence of chords might be rendered with a grand piano sound when using an orchestral SoundFont, or with a synthesizer-like tone when using an electronic SoundFont. The actual chords being played, however, do not change. This can be compared to word fonts, where switching the font changes the style of the letters, but keeps the original content.

A SoundFont bank contains base samples in [[Pulse-code modulation|PCM]] format (the audio data format most commonly used in [[WAV]] containers) mapped to sections on a musical keyboard. A SoundFont bank also contains other music synthesis parameters such as loops, [[vibrato]] effect, and velocity-sensitive volume changing.

SoundFont banks can conform to standard sound sets such as [[General MIDI]], or use other wholly custom sound-set definitions like [[Roland GS]] and [[Yamaha XG]].

== SoundFont creation software ({{Not a typo|.sf2}} format) ==

Several {{Not a typo|.sf2}} editors are available:

* Vienna from Creative Labs, requiring a particular sound card (such as Sound Blaster)
* Viena<ref>[http://www.synthfont.com Viena, free sf2 editor].</ref> (with a single "n"), created in 2002
* Swami<ref>[http://www.swamiproject.org/ Swami, free soundfonts editor for Linux].</ref> is a collection of free software for editing and managing musical instruments for MIDI music composition, used mainly under [[Linux]]
* Polyphone,<ref>[https://www.polyphone.io Polyphone, free sf2 editor for Windows, Mac OS and Linux].</ref> free editor for [[Windows]], [[Mac OS]] and [[Linux]] created in 2013

== See also ==

* {{Annotated link|DLS format}}
* {{Annotated link|FluidSynth}}
* {{Annotated link|General MIDI}}
* {{Annotated link|Gravis Ultrasound}}
* {{Annotated link|List of music software}}
* {{Annotated link|SFZ (file format)}}
* {{Annotated link|Software synthesizer}}
* {{Annotated link|TiMidity++}}
* {{Annotated link|WildMIDI}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.synthfont.com/sfspec24.pdf SoundFont 2.04 specification 2006]

{{Creative Technology}}

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[[Category:Audio codecs]]
[[Category:Audio software]]
[[Category:Software synthesizers]]
[[Category:MIDI standards]]