Editing Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph

{{Short description|Instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope}}
[[File:Building the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph of Hubble Space Telescope 1996 18 lg web.jpg|thumb|STIS under construction, 1996]]
[[File:Aurora Saturn.jpg|thumb|right|STIS camera images Saturn aurora]]
[[File:NASA's Hubble Reveals Rogue Planetary Orbit For Fomalhaut B.jpg|thumb|STIS images the [[Fomalhaut]] system (January 8, 2013) (NASA).]]
[[Image:Jupiter.Aurora.HST.UV.jpg|thumb|Ultraviolet image of [[Jupiter]]'s aurora; the bright spot at far left is the end of field line to Io; spots at bottom lead to [[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]] and [[Europa (moon)|Europa]].]]
The '''Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph''' ('''STIS''') is a [[spectrograph]], also with a camera mode, installed on the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]. [[Aerospace engineer]] [[Bruce Woodgate]] of the [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] was the principal investigator and creator of the STIS.<ref name=cbsnews>{{cite news|first=Leezel |last=Tanglao |title=Inventor of the camera used on Hubble telescope has died |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/astronomer-bruce-woodgate-inventor-of-the-camera-used-on-hubble-telescope-has-died/ |work=[[CBS News]] |date=2014-05-01 |accessdate=2014-05-18}}</ref><ref name=eherald>{{cite news|title=Tributes paid to man who changed the face of space |url=http://www.eastbourneherald.co.uk/news/local/tributes-paid-to-man-who-changed-the-face-of-space-1-6047654 |work=[[Eastbourne Herald]] |date=2014-05-09 |accessdate=2014-05-18}}</ref> It operated continuously from 1997 until a power supply failure in August 2004.<ref name="NASA attempts">{{cite web |first=Maggie |last=McKee |title=NASA attempts to revive Hubble's main camera |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9457-nasa-attempts-to-revive-hubbles-main-camera/ |work=[[New Scientist]] |date=2019-06-30 |accessdate=2019-04-10}}</ref> After repairs, it began operating again in 2009. The spectrograph has made many important observations, including the first spectrum of the [[Celestial body atmosphere|atmosphere]] of an [[extrasolar planet]], [[HD 209458b]].

The STIS was installed on Hubble in 1997 during its second servicing mission ([[STS-82]])  by [[Mark C. Lee|Mark Lee]] and [[Steven Smith (astronaut)|Steven Smith]], replacing the [[High Resolution Spectrograph]] and the [[Faint Object Spectrograph]].  It was designed to operate for five years.  On August 3, 2004, an electronic failure rendered STIS inoperable, ending its use 2 years beyond its predicted lifespan. In order to bring it back to operational status, the instrument was repaired by space shuttle astronauts during [[STS-125]], Servicing Mission 4, launched on May 11, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/servicing/SM4/main/STOCC_update_05172009_FD7.html|title=Space Telescope Operations Control Center — Flight Day 7|date=May 17, 2009|publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> The crew did a long (many hour) EVA to repair the instrument.<ref name="STS125">{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Gebhardt |title=STS-125: Eight hour EVA-4 works STIS repair – Atlantis' TPS overview |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2009/05/sts-125-eva-4-stis-repair-atlantis-tps-overview/ |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |date=2009-05-17 |accessdate=2019-04-10}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Congratulations, you brought STIS back to life.|Astronaut J. Grunsfield, 2009<ref name="STS125"/>}}

==Design==
STIS is both a spectrograph and an imaging camera, and is focused on ultraviolet light.<ref name="STS125"/>

The STIS has three 1024×1024 detector arrays. The first is a [[charge-coupled device]] with a 52×52 arc-second field of view, covering the visible and near-infrared spectrum from 200&nbsp;nm to 1030&nbsp;nm.

The other two detectors are [[Multi-Anode Multichannel Array]]s, each with a 25×25 arc-second field of view.  One is Cs<sub>2</sub>Te, and covers the near-UV between 160&nbsp;nm and 310&nbsp;nm.  The other is CsI and covers the far-UV between 115&nbsp;nm and 170&nbsp;nm.<ref>{{cite web|title=STIS Instrument Detectors |url=http://www.stsci.edu/hst/instrumentation/stis/instrument-design/detectors/ |work=[[Space Telescope Science Institute]] |accessdate=2019-04-10}}</ref>

==Timeline==
[[File:STS-125 Atlantis Liftoff 02.jpg|right|thumb|[[STS-125]] launches, a [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']] mission that repaired STIS and returned it to service]]
*February 14, 1997- STIS installed<ref name="NASA attempts"/><ref name="STS125"/> ([[STS-82]])
* 2001, Switches to Side-2 electronics after a failure in side-1.<ref name=stsci-stis>[https://www.stsci.edu/hst/instrumentation/stis ''About STIS'']</ref>
*August 3, 2004- STIS goes offline due to side-2 power-failure<ref name="NASA attempts"/><ref name="STS125"/>
*2009- STIS repaired<ref name="STS125"/> ([[STS-125]])
* {{As of|2022}} Operating on side-2 electronics with all optical and UV channels.<ref name=stsci-stis/>

==Selected discoveries and observations==
On its 20th anniversary (1997-2017) NASA noted a selection of discoveries and/or observations conducted with STIS:<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/20th-anniversary-of-hubbles-stis-instrument|title=The 20th Anniversary of Hubble's STIS Instrument|last=Hille|first=Karl|date=2017-02-28|work=NASA|access-date=2017-03-20|language=en}}</ref>
*Survey of 20 galaxies to look for black holes
*Study of the  [[Intergalactic Medium]]
*Study of the [[Galactic Halo]]
*Study of  [[Interstellar Medium]]
*Chemical analysis of an atmosphere of an exoplanet
*Observations of a Dust Disk around [[Beta Pictoris]]
*Study of massive stars in R136 (in the [[Tarantula Nebula]])
*Study of the star [[Eta Carinae]]
*Study of [[Supernova 1987A]]
*Study of flows from an [[Active Galaxy]]

==See also==
Other Hubble instruments :
*[[Advanced Camera for Surveys]]
*[[Cosmic Origins Spectrograph]]
*[[Faint Object Camera]]
*[[Faint Object Spectrograph]]
*[[Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph]]
*[[Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer]]
*[[Wide Field and Planetary Camera]]
*[[Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2]]
*[[Wide Field Camera 3]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph}}
*[http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/general/instruments/stis.html ESA/Hubble]
*[http://www.stsci.edu/hst/instrumentation/stis The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph]

{{Hubble Space Telescope}}

{{Use American English|date=January 2014}}

[[Category:Hubble Space Telescope instruments]]
[[Category:Space science experiments]]
[[Category:Space imagers]]