Editing Spanish Colonial Revival architecture

{{short description|Architectural style}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox art movement
| name = Spanish Revival architecture
| image = {{multiple image
  | total_width              = 300
  | border                   = infobox
  | perrow                   = 2/2
  | caption_align            = center
  | image1                   = Palacio de Correos, México, DF (cropped).jpg
  | caption1                 = [[Palacio de Correos de México|Palacio de Correos]]<br>Mexico City (1907)
  | image2                   = Wiki Conference North America 2016-CJM 263 (cropped).jpg
  | caption2                 = [[California Quadrangle|California Tower]]<br>San Diego (1915)
  | image3                   = Palacio De Gobierno De Guatemala (243091369) (cropped).jpeg
  | caption3                 = [[National Palace (Guatemala)|National Palace]], Guatemala City (1943)
  | image4                   = PBb105-Przy Plaza de Armas.jpg
  | caption4                 = [[Archbishop's Palace of Lima|Archbishop's Palace]]<br>Lima (1924)
  }}
|yearsactive = Late 19th century–Present
|country=Primarily [[Hispanic America]], the [[United States]], the [[Philippines]]
|influences=[[Spanish architecture]] ([[Spanish Gothic architecture|Spanish Gothic]], [[Plateresque]], [[Spanish Renaissance architecture|Spanish Renaissance]], [[Spanish Baroque architecture|Spanish Baroque]], [[Neo-Mudéjar]]), [[Spanish colonial architecture]] ([[Churrigueresque]], [[Earthquake Baroque]], [[Monterey Colonial architecture|Monterey Colonial]]), [[Mexican architecture]] ([[New Spanish Baroque|Mexican Baroque]]), [[Peruvian architecture]] ([[Andean Baroque]])
|influenced=[[Mediterranean Revival architecture]], [[Territorial Revival architecture]], [[Colonial Californiano]], [[Monterey Revival architecture]], [[Mission Revival architecture]], [[California Churrigueresque]], [[Pueblo Revival architecture]], }}

The '''Spanish Colonial Revival architecture''' ({{langx|es|Arquitectura neocolonial española}}), often known simply as '''Spanish Revival''', is a term used to encompass a number of [[Revivalism (architecture)|revivalist]] [[architectural style]]s based in both [[Spanish colonial architecture]] and [[Spanish architecture]] in general.<ref>Bailey, Gauvin Alexander. ''Art of Colonial Latin America'' (London: Phaidon Press, 2005): 402–405.</ref> These styles flourished throughout the [[Americas]], especially in former Spanish colonies, from California to Argentina.

In the [[United States]], the earliest use of this style was in Florida, Texas, and California. [[St. Augustine, Florida]] was founded on September 8, 1565, by Spanish admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Florida's first governor.<ref name="Newcomb1990">{{cite book |last1=Newcomb |first1=Rexford |title=Spanish-Colonial Architecture in the United States |year=1990 |orig-year=1937 |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=978-0-486-26263-5 |page=25 |url=https://archive.org/details/spanishcoloniala00newc/page/24/mode/2up}}</ref> The city had served as the capital of Florida for over 250 years when Spain ceded Florida to the United States in 1819. By the late 1880s, St. Augustine was being developed by [[Henry M. Flagler]] as a winter resort for wealthy northern families. He built two grand hotels in the Mediterranean Revival and [[:Category:Spanish Revival architecture|Spanish Revival]] styles: the [[Ponce de Leon Hotel]] (Carrère and Hastings, 1882) and the [[Lightner Museum|Alcazar Hotel]] (Carrère and Hastings, 1887). These influenced the development of the Spanish Colonial Revival style. A few years later, at the [[Panama–California Exposition]] of 1915 in [[San Diego]], highlighting the work of architect [[Bertram Goodhue]], Spanish Colonial Revival was given further national exposure. The '''McNay Art Museum''', founded in 1954 in [[San Antonio]], is the first [[modern art]] [[museum]] in [[Texas]] was built in Spanish Colonial Architecture style. Embraced principally in Florida, Texas, and California, the Spanish Colonial Revival movement enjoyed its greatest popularity between 1915 and 1931.

In [[Mexico]], the Spanish Colonial Revival in architecture was tied to the nationalist movement in the arts encouraged by the post–[[Mexican Revolution]] government. The Mexican style was primarily influenced by the [[Baroque architecture]] of central [[New Spain]], in contrast to the U.S. style which was primarily influenced by the [[Spanish missions in the Americas|northern missions]] of New Spain. Subsequently, the U.S. interpretation saw popularity in Mexico and was locally termed ''colonial californiano''.

Modern-day tract home design in Southern California and Florida largely descends from the early movement. The iconic [[terracotta]] shingles and [[stucco]] walls have been standard design of new construction in these regions from the 1970s to present.

==Development of style==

===Mediterranean Revival===
[[File:spanish-mission-style.jpg|thumb|Spanish Colonial Revival style in contemporary residence]]
[[File:Sede Banco Hipotecario.JPG|thumb|Secretary of Culture of [[Mendoza, Argentina]] (1929)]]
The antecedents of the Spanish Colonial Revival Style in the United States can be traced to the [[Mediterranean Revival architecture|Mediterranean Revival architectural]] style. In St. Augustine, Florida, a former Spanish colony, a winter playground was developing for wealthy people from northern cities in the United States. Three architects from New York City [[John Merven Carrère|John Carrère]] and [[Thomas Hastings (architect)|Thomas Hastings]] of [[Carrère and Hastings]] and [[Boston]]ian Franklin W. Smith, designed grand, elaborately detailed hotels in the Mediterranean Revival and [[:Category:Spanish Revival architecture|Spanish Revival]] styles in the 1880s. With the construction of the Ponce de Leon Hotel (designed by Carrère and Hastings, 1882), the Alcazar Hotel (Carrère and Hastings, 1887), and the [[Casa Monica Hotel]] (later the Hotel Cordova) built by Franklin W. Smith in 1888, Spanish-influenced architecture spread to several other parts of Florida. These three hotels were influenced not only by the centuries-old buildings remaining from the period [[St. Augustine, Florida#Spanish rule|Spanish rule in St. Augustine]] but also by ''The Old City House'', constructed in 1873 and still standing, an excellent example of early Spanish Colonial Revival architecture.

===Mission Revival===
The possibilities of the Spanish Colonial Revival Style were brought to the attention of architects attending late 19th and early 20th centuries international [[World's fair|expositions]]. For example, California's [[Mission Revival Style architecture|Mission Revival style]] Pavilion in white [[stucco]] at the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] of 1893 in [[Chicago]],<ref name="erbzine">{{cite web|url=http://www.erbzine.com/mag12/mw137h3.jpg|title=File: mw137h3.jpg, (364 × 216 px)|publisher=erbzine.com|access-date=2015-09-06}}</ref> and the [[The Mission Inn Hotel & Spa|Mission Inn]], along with the [[Electric Tower]] of the [[Pan-American Exposition]] in [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] in 1900<ref name="britannica">{{cite web|url=http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/83/79983-004-5084E319.jpg|date=2004-11-22|title=File: 79983-004-5084E319.jpg, (391 × 450 px)|publisher=media-2.web.britannica.com|access-date=2015-09-04}}</ref> introduced the potential of Spanish Colonial Revival. They also integrated [[portico]]es, [[pediment]]s and [[colonnade]]s influenced by [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux Arts]] classicism as well.

===Florida===

[[File:Palm Beach Town Hall.jpg|thumb|[[Palm Beach Town Hall]] in [[Palm Beach, Florida]] (1925)]]
[[File:New Smyrna El Retiro01.jpg|thumb|[[El Real Retiro]] in [[New Smyrna Beach, Florida]] (1923)]]

By the early years of the 1910s, Florida was major center for Spanish Colonial Revival style in the United States. [[Frederick H. Trimble]]'s Farmer's Bank in [[Vero Beach, Florida|Vero Beach]], completed in 1914, is a fully mature early example of the style. The city of [[St. Cloud, Florida]], espoused the style both for homes and commercial structures and has a fine collection of subtle [[stucco]] buildings reminiscent of colonial Mexico. Many of these were designed by architectural partners [[Ida Annah Ryan]] and [[Isabel Roberts]].

One of the most significant examples of the emerging popularity of Spanish Colonial Revival in the United States at the time was is the architecture of [[Coral Gables, Florida]]. A [[planned city]] established in the 1920s, the city's architecture is almost entirely [[Mediterranean Revival architecture|Mediterranean Revival style]], mandated in the original plan. The city was developed by [[George E. Merrick]], a real estate developer from Pennsylvania, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The Coral Gables Congregational Church, donated by Merrick, and the Catholic Church of the Little Flower, were classic examples of the Spanish Renaissance style. 
Early in the city's planning and development, Merrick shared his vision for Coral Gables as "a most extraordinary opportunity for the building of 'Castles in Spain'. Merrick's success in executing this vision for the city would catch the attention of Spain's King, [[Alfonso XIII]], who awarded Merrick the Order of Isabella the Catholic for his support of Spanish culture in Coral Gables.

Several other cities in southern Florida showcased the Spanish Revival of the time, including Palm Beach. The [[Palm Beach Town Hall]], built in 1925 by [[Harvey and Clarke]], with renovations later made by several notable architects.

===California===
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2025}}
[[File:Santa Barbara County Courthouse CA.jpg|thumb|[[Santa Barbara County Courthouse]] in [[Santa Barbara, California]] (1926)]]
[[File:Kelso railroad depot.jpg|thumb|[[Kelso Depot, Restaurant and Employees Hotel|Kelso Hotel and Depot]] in the [[Mojave Desert]], Southern California (1923)]]

The major location of design and construction in the Spanish Colonial Revival style was California, especially in the coastal cities. In 1915, the San Diego [[Panama–California Exposition]], with architects [[Bertram Goodhue]] and [[Carleton Winslow]] Sr., popularized the style in the state and nation. It is best exemplified in the [[California Quadrangle]], built as the grand entrance to that Exposition. In the early 1920s, architect [[Lilian Jeannette Rice]] designed the style in the development of the town of [[Rancho Santa Fe, California|Rancho Santa Fe]] in San Diego County.

The city of [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] adopted the style to give it a unified Spanish character after widespread destruction in the [[History of Santa Barbara, California#1925 earthquake|1925 Santa Barbara earthquake]]. The [[Santa Barbara County Courthouse|County Courthouse]], designed by William Mooser III, and the [[Arlington Theatre]], designed by [[Edwards and Plunkett]], are prime examples. [[George Washington Smith (architect)|George Washington Smith]] designed many residences in Santa Barbara, including [[Casa del Herrero]] and [[Jackling House]], along with businesses [[Lobero Theatre]] and the [[Santa Barbara News-Press]].

Real estate developer [[Ole Hanson]] favored the Spanish Colonial Revival style in his founding and development of [[San Clemente, California]] in 1928. The [[Pasadena City Hall]] by John Bakewell, Jr. and [[Arthur Brown, Jr.]], the [[Sonoma City Hall]], and the [[Beverly Hills City Hall]] by [[Harry G. Koerner]] and [[William J. Gage]] are other notable civic examples in California. Between 1922 and 1931, architect Robert H. Spurgeon constructed 32 Spanish colonial revival houses in [[Riverside, California|Riverside]], and many of them have been preserved.

===Texas===
Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in Texas, especially in places like San Antonio, blends Spanish architectural styles with local influences. It features elements like low-pitched tile roofs, stucco walls, and arched entries, reflecting both the region's history and its suitability for the warm climate. This style was popular in the early 20th century and continues to be a distinctive feature of Texas architecture.

[[File:McNayArtMuseum.jpg|thumb|right|The McNay Art Museum in San Antonio, Texas]]

The [[McNay Art Museum]], founded in 1950, is the first [[modern art]] museum in Texas. The museum was created by Mrs. McNay's original bequest of most of her fortune, her art collection and her 24-room [[Spanish Colonial Revival architecture|Spanish Colonial Revival]]-style mansion that sits on {{convert|23|acre|m2}} that are landscaped with fountains, broad lawns and a Japanese-inspired garden and fishpond. The museum focuses primarily on 19th and 20th century European and American art by such artists as [[Paul Cézanne]], [[Pablo Picasso]], [[Paul Gauguin]], [[Henri Matisse]], [[Georgia O'Keeffe]], [[Diego Rivera]], [[Mary Cassatt]], and [[Edward Hopper]]. The collection today consists of over 14,000 objects of contemporary art and sculpture. The museum also is home to the Tobin Collection of Theater Arts, and a research library with over 30,000 volumes.<ref>[http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/north-america/united-states/texas/san-antonio/attraction-detail.html?vid=1154654608615 Marion Koogler McNay Art Museum], New York Times.</ref>

===Mexico===
[[File:ASc005-Na Zocaio Plac.jpg|thumb|right|The neocolonial [[Federal District buildings#Edificio de Gobierno building|companion building]] (1940s) to the colonial Mexico City palace of the [[ayuntamiento]]]]
[[File:Villa in Lomas de Chapultepec.jpg|thumb|right|[[Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes|INBA]]-catalogued house built in the ''colonial californiano'' style in [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] in [[Mexico City]] (1930s)]]

{{See also|New Spanish Baroque}} The Spanish Colonial Revival of Mexico has a distinct origin from the style developed in the United States. Following the [[Mexican Revolution]], there was a wave of nationalism that emphasized national culture, including in architecture. The neocolonial style arose as a response to European [[Eclecticism in architecture|eclecticism]] (favored during the [[Porfiriato]]). The 1915 book ''La patria y la arquitectura nacional'' by architect [[Federico E. Mariscal]] ([[:es:Federico Ernesto Mariscal Piña|es]]) was influential in advocating [[New Spain|viceregal]] architecture as integral to national identity.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sluis|first1=Ageeth|title=Deco Body, Deco City: Female Spectacle and Modernity in Mexico City, 1900–1939|date=2016|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|isbn=9780803293922|page=194|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3iPnCgAAQBAJ&q=la+patria+y+la+arquitectura+nacional+neocolonial&pg=PA194|access-date=24 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> During the government of President [[Venustiano Carranza]] (serving 1917 to 1920), tax exemptions were offered to those that built houses in a colonial style.<ref name="Moreno">{{cite book|last1=Moreno|first1=Gilberto Romero|title=Tendencias actuales de la arquitectura mexicana|date=2005|publisher=USON|isbn=9789706892508|pages=21–25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yVwwDxHK4AsC&q=arquitectura+neocolonial+tezontle&pg=PA21|access-date=24 May 2017|language=es}}</ref> In the early 1920s there was a surge of houses built with [[Plateresque]] elements; such as [[Grotesque (architecture)|grotesques]], [[pinnacle]]s and [[mixtilinear arches]] ([[:es:Arco mixtilíneo|es]]).<ref name="Moreno" />

Secretary of Education [[José Vasconcelos]] (who shaped the cultural philosophy of the post-Revolution government) was an active promoter of neocolonial architecture.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Burian|first1=Edward R.|title=Modernity and the Architecture of Mexico|date=1997|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=9780292708532|page=66|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKnGoy3DHAMC&q=Jos%C3%A9+Vasconcelos+neocolonial&pg=PA66|access-date=24 May 2017|language=en}}</ref>  Traditional materials such as [[tezontle]], [[Cantera (stone)|cantera]] and [[Talavera pottery#Usage|Talavera tiles]] were incorporated into neocolonial buildings.<ref name="Moreno" />

The colonial-era [[National Palace (Mexico)|National Palace]] was significantly altered between 1926 and 1929: the addition of a third floor and changes to the facade. The modifications were done in a manner corresponding to the original style. Similarly, the colonial Mexico City [[Federal District buildings|government building]] was remodeled in the 1920s and a neocolonial companion building was built in the 1940s.

====Colonial californiano====
The style, as developed in the United States, came full circle to its geographic point of inspiration as in the late 1930s, single-family houses were built in [[Mexico City]]'s then-new upscale neighborhoods in what is known in Mexico as ''colonial californiano'' ('''Californian Colonial'''). That is, a Mexican reinterpretation of the California interpretation of Spanish Colonial Revival.<ref>{{cite book|title=Artifacts of Revolution: Architecture, Society, and Politics in Mexico City|author=Patrice Elizabeth Olsenand|date=11 September 2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BG4iQvOQ8isC&pg=PA202|page=202|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=9780742557314}}</ref> Many houses of this style can still be seen in the [[Colonia Nápoles]], [[Condesa]], [[Polanco]] and [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] areas of Mexico City. The [[Pasaje Polanco]] shopping court is an example of the style's application in commercial architecture.

===Australia===
Influential Australian architects such as Emil Sodersten and Professor Leslie Wilkinson brought back styles from Italy and Spain in the early 20th century convinced that Mediterranean styles would be well-suited for the Australian climate and lifestyle. Mediterranean style became popular in places like [[Sydney]] suburbs [[Manly, New South Wales|Manly]] and [[Bondi, New South Wales|Bondi]] in the 1920s and 1930s. One variant, known as Spanish Mission or Hollywood Spanish, became popular as Australians saw films of and read in magazines about the glamorous mansions in that style that Hollywood movie stars had. Spanish mission houses began to appear in the wealthier suburbs, the most famous being [[Boomerang, Elizabeth Bay|Boomerang]], at [[Elizabeth Bay, New South Wales|Elizabeth Bay]].<ref name="nsw">{{cite web|url=http://www.manly.nsw.gov.au/DownloadDocument.ashx?DocumentID=1468 |title=Spanish Mission/Mediterranean, Manly City Council, 2006 |publisher=manly.nsw.gov.au|access-date=2015-09-04}}</ref><ref name="smh">{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/australian-capital-territory/spanish-mission-style/2007/10/31/1193618947593.html |title=Spanish mission style - Australian Capital Territory|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|date=October 31, 2007 |access-date=2015-09-04}}</ref> The [[Plaza Theatre (Sydney)|Plaza Theatre]] in Sydney is a celebrated cinema in the style.

===China===
In the 1930s, numerous houses in Spanish Revival style were built in [[Shanghai]], particularly in the former [[French Concession]]. Although Shanghai was not culturally linked to the Spanish-speaking world, these buildings were probably inspired by Hollywood movies, which were highly influential in the city at the time. Local architectural magazines of the period like ''The Chinese Architect'' and ''The Builder'' regularly printed detailed examples of the style for local builders to copy and implement.

===Spanish East Indies===
[[File:Gota de Leche 07.jpg|thumb|[[Gota de Leche Building]] in [[Manila]], Philippines (1915)]]
After being conquered and ruled for the Spanish crown, and for the most part being administered as a territory under the jurisdiction of the kingdom of [[New Spain]] (Mexico), the Philippines and Mariana islands received Iberian and Latin-American influences in its architecture. By the time the United States occupied the Philippines, the Mission-style and Spanish Colonial Revival architecture also arrived, with inspirations from California. American architects further developed this style in the Philippines, modernizing the buildings with American amenities.

The best example of the Spanish Colonial Revival architecture and California mission style is the famed [[Manila Hotel]] designed by [[William E. Parsons]] and built in 1909. Other examples exist throughout the country such as Gota de Leche, Paco Market, and thousands more, especially in the churches and cathedrals throughout the country.

==Design elements==
[[File:2311 Connecticut Ave.JPG|thumb|The Woodward Condominium in [[Washington, D.C.]] (1910)]]

Spanish Colonial Revival architecture shares some elements with the earlier [[Mission Revival Style Architecture|Mission Revival style]] derived from the [[architecture of the California missions]], and [[Pueblo Revival Style architecture|Pueblo Revival style]] from the traditional [[Puebloan peoples]] in [[New Mexico]]. Both precedents were popularized in the [[Western United States]] by [[Fred Harvey Company|Fred Harvey]] and his [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]] Depots and Hotels. The Spanish Colonial Revival style is also influenced by the [[American Craftsman]] style and [[Arts and Crafts Movement]].

Spanish Colonial Revival architecture is characterized by a combination of detail from several eras of [[Spanish Baroque architecture|Spanish Baroque]], [[Spanish Colonial architecture|Spanish Colonial]], [[Moorish Revival architecture|Moorish Revival]] and Mexican [[Churrigueresque]] architecture. The style is marked by the prodigious use of smooth [[plaster]] ([[stucco]]) [[wall]] and [[chimney]] finishes, low-[[Roof pitch|pitched]] [[clay]] [[Roof tiles|tile]], shed, or flat roofs, and [[terracotta]] or [[Casting#Plaster, concrete, or plastic resin|cast]] [[concrete]] ornaments. Other characteristics typically include small [[porch]]es or [[Balcony|balconies]], [[Roman architecture|Roman]] or [[Semicircle|semi-circular]] [[Arcade (architecture)|arcades]] and [[window|fenestration]], wood [[Casement window|casement]] or tall, [[Sash window|double–hung windows]], [[canvas]] [[awning]]s, and decorative [[iron]] trim.

Structural form:

* Rectangular, courtyard, or L-plan.
* Horizontal massing.
* Predominantly one-story.
* Interior or exterior [[courtyard]]s.
* [[Asymmetry|Asymmetrical shape]] with cross-[[gable]]s and side wings.

==Notable architects==
One of the most accomplished architects of the style was [[George Washington Smith (architect)|George Washington Smith]] who practiced during the 1920s in [[Santa Barbara, California]]. His own residences ''El Hogar'' (1916, a.k.a. ''Casa Dracaena'') and ''Casa del Greco'' (1920) brought him commissions from local society in Montecito and Santa Barbara. An example landmark house he designed is the Steedman estate ''[[Casa del Herrero]]'' in [[Montecito, California|Montecito]], now a registered [[National Historic Landmark]] and restored historic house—landscape museum. Other examples are the [[Jackling House]] and [[Lobero Theatre]] also in California.

===In California===
[[File:El Sueno designed by Kevin A. Clark.jpg|thumb|''El Sueño'', designed by Kevin A. Clark]]
Bertram Goodhue and [[Carleton Winslow]] initiated the style as the dominant historical regional style in California; they also influenced [[Hawaiian architecture]] in the 1920s. Notable in Californian architecture were the following architects:<ref name="Med">''Mediterranean Domestic Architecture in the United States'' Newcomb, Appleton</ref>
* [[John Byers (architect)|John Byers]], AIA
* [[Birge Clark]], FAIA
* [[Edwards and Plunkett]]
* [[Elmer Grey]], AIA
* [[Sumner P. Hunt]], AIA
* [[Reginald Davis Johnson|Reginald Johnson]], FAIA
* [[William Templeton Johnson]], FAIA
* [[Julia Morgan]], AIA (AIA Gold Medalist)
* [[Wallace Neff]], FAIA
* [[Lionel Pries]]
* [[Richard Requa]]
* [[Lilian Jeannette Rice]], AIA
* [[Lutah Maria Riggs]], FAIA
* [[Clarence J. Smale]]
* [[George Washington Smith (architect)|George Washington Smith]]
* [[Robert H. Spurgeon Jr.]]
* [[Paul Revere Williams]], [[Fellow of the American Institute of Architects|FAIA]] ([[AIA Gold Medal]]ist)
Currently:
* Kevin A. Clark
* Marc Appleton, AIA
* [[Michael Burch|Michael Burch, FAIA]]
* Thomas Bollay, AIA

===In Florida===
[[File:Rollins College Campus.jpg|thumb|[[Rollins College]] in [[Winter Park, Florida]]]]
In Florida notable architects include:<ref name="Med"/>
* John Elliot
* [[Maurice Fatio]], AIA
* Harry Griffin, AIA
* Richard Kiehnel, AIA of [[Kiehnel and Elliott]]
* [[Ida Annah Ryan|Ryan]] and [[Isabel Roberts|Roberts]]
* [[Addison Mizner]]
* [[Wallace Neff]], FAIA
* [[Harvey and Clarke]]
* Albert Pierce
* [[James Gamble Rogers&nbsp;II]], FAIA
* [[Schultze & Weaver]]
* Robert Weed, FAIA
* Marion Wyeth, FAIA

===In Hawaii===
* [[Louis Davis (architect)|Louis Davis]]
* G. Robert Miller, AIA
* Bertram Goodhue FAIA's junior partner, [[Mayers Murray & Phillip|Hardie Phillip]], FAIA

==List of example structures==
[[File:Plaza del Lago IMG 7452 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Plaza del Lago]], [[Wilmette, Illinois]] (1920s)]]
[[File:Stanford University 1978.jpg|thumb|right|[[Stanford University]]'s main quad]]
[[File:Montclair State University (8563826766).jpg|thumb|right|Main entrance to [[Montclair State University]] in [[Montclair, New Jersey]]]]
* [[California Quadrangle]] and El Prado, [[Balboa Park (San Diego)|Balboa Park]], [[San Diego, California]]: by Bertram Goodhue, for the [[Panama–California Exposition]] (1915-15).
* [[Freedom Tower (Miami)|Freedom Tower]] ({{langx|es|Torre de la Libertad}}) in [[Miami, Florida]], was designed by [[Schultze and Weaver]] and originally served as the headquarters for ''[[The Miami News]]'', completed in 1925.
* [[Casa del Herrero]], [[Montecito, California]], architects [[George Washington Smith (architect)|George Washington Smith]] and [[Lutah Maria Riggs]], 1926.
* Several buildings at [[Montclair State University]] in [[Montclair, New Jersey]], the first being College Hall, constructed in 1908.
* The current [[Museo de Arte Hispanoamericano Isaac Fernández Blanco]] or Noel Palace, designed by Martín Noel in [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina, 1920–1924.
* The Main Quad and many buildings in the campus of [[Stanford University]], designed by [[Frederick Law Olmsted]], 1886–1891.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928032800/http://www.hispanic5.com/one_spanish_colonial_revival_architect_launched_a_california_style.htm "Casa Dracaena"] (a.k.a. ''El Hogar'' or Heberton House), George Washington Smith residence #1, 1916.
* [[Glendale Southern Pacific Railroad Depot]], by Maurice Couchot & Kenneth MacDonald, Jr. in [[Glendale, California]], opened 1923.
* [[Santa Barbara County Courthouse]], by William Mooser III, in [[Santa Barbara, California]], completed 1929.
* [[George Fearn House]] in [[Mobile, Alabama]], completed 1904.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=MWA477c4ebAC&dq=%22F.+H.+Trimble%22&pg=PA48 Farmer's Bank] in [[Vero Beach, Florida]], completed in 1914.
* [[Adamson House]], "Taj Mahal of Tile" by [[Stiles O. Clements]], in [[Malibu, California]], completed 1930.
* [http://www.laokay.com/lathumb/laphoto/Adams06.jpg Alice Lynch Residence] in [[Los Angeles, California]], completed in 1922.
* [[Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego|Marine Corps Recruit Depot]], [[San Diego, California]], 1917–1930.
* [[Naval Training Center San Diego|Naval Training Center, San Diego, California]], completed 1923 (Buildings 1–26, and Officer's Quarters "A"-"D"). An expansion of recruit facilities in the same design language was completed in 1932 with the construction of the barracks at Camp Lawrence (Buildings 27-30). The final buildings built in the original Spanish Colonial Revival style were completed in 1942 with the opening of [[Stephen Luce|Camp Luce]], including new Administration, classroom, library, and recreation buildings.
* [[Bathhouse Row#Quapaw|Quapaw Baths]] building in [[Bathhouse Row]], [[Hot Springs, Arkansas]], completed in 1922.
* [[Coral Gables Congregational Church]] in [[Coral Gables, Florida]], was designed by the architect Richard Kiehnel of [[Kiehnel and Elliott]] in 1923.
* [[Holy Trinity Episcopal Church (West Palm Beach, Florida)|Holy Trinity Episcopal Church]] in [[West Palm Beach, Florida]], was designed by [[L. Phillips Clarke]] of [[Harvey and Clarke]], completed 1924.
* [[C.E. Toberman Estate]], by Russell & Alspagh, in [[Hollywood, California]], completed 1924.
* [[Palm Beach Town Hall]] in [[Palm Beach, Florida]], by [[Harvey and Clarke]], completed 1925.
* [http://www.laokay.com/lathumb/laphoto/scr12.jpg "Casa de las Campañas"] in [[Hancock Park, Los Angeles|Hancock Park]] district, [[Los Angeles, California]], completed in 1928.
* [http://www.laokay.com/lathumb/laphoto/LWright210.jpg Frank H. Upham House] in [[Altadena, California]], completed 1928.
* [[Azalea Court Apartments]] in Mobile, Alabama, completed in 1928.
* [[Workman and Temple Family Homestead Museum|"La Casa Nueva"]], Workman and Temple Family Estate, in [[City of Industry, California]], completed 1927.
* [[Castillo Serrallés]] in [[Ponce, Puerto Rico]], completed in the 1930s.
* [[William S. Hart]] [http://www.laokay.com/lathumb/laphoto/Hart22.jpg "La Loma de los Vientos" Ranch], arch. [[Arthur Rolland Kelly|Arthur R. Kelly]], [[Newhall, California]], completed in the early 1920s.
* [http://www.gaylordsuites.com Gaylord Suites] in [[San Francisco]], California, completed in 1928.
* [[Randolph Air Force Base]] (various structures) near [[San Antonio]], Texas, designed in 1929.
* [[Hollywood, Homewood, Alabama]], a 1926 residential development in [[Homewood, Alabama]].
* [[El Capitan Theatre]], Hollywood, built in 1928.
* [[Scotty's Castle|"Death Valley Ranch"]], "Scotty's Castle", a landmark in [[Death Valley National Park]], which was begun in 1922 and had construction on the original design continue sporadically as late as 1943.
* [[Scripps College]], by [[Gordon Kaufmann]] and [[Sumner Hunt]], in [[Claremont, California]], women's college and campus established in 1926 by [[Ellen Browning Scripps]].
* [[Annie Russell Theatre]], located on the premises of [[Rollins College]] in [[Winter Park, Florida]] was named after the [[England|English]]-born actress [[Annie Russell]] and was designed by Richard Kiehnel of [[Kiehnel and Elliott]], constructed in 1931.
* [[Hamilton Air Force Base#Architectural significance|Hamilton Air Force Base]], in [[San Francisco Bay Area]] near [[Novato, California]], completed in 1934.
* [[Pima County Courthouse]] in [[Tucson, Arizona]], designed by [[Roy Place]].
* [[Benedictine]] Monastery in [[Tucson, Arizona]], also designed by [[Roy Place]]. http://www.tucsonmonastery.com/
* [[Louis P. and Clara K. Best Residence and Auto House]], [[Clausen & Clausen]], [[Davenport, Iowa]], constructed in 1909.
* [[Pasadena City Hall]], by [[Bakewell and Brown]], in [[Pasadena, California]], completed 1927.
* [[Hortonville Community Hall]], by Robert Messmer, in [[Hortonville, Wisconsin]], built in 1912.
* [[Thomas Jefferson Hotel]] in [[Birmingham, Alabama]], opened in 1929.
* [[Adler Hotel]] in [[Sharon Springs, New York]], built in 1928.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kk26BwAAQBAJ&q=adler+hotel+sharon+springs+1927&pg=PA47|title=Sharon and Sharon Springs – Sharon Historical Society – Google Books |access-date=2017-04-24|isbn=9781467122757 |year=2015|publisher=Arcadia }}</ref>
* [[El Reno Municipal Swimming Pool Bath House]] in [[El Reno, Oklahoma]], completed in 1935.
* [[Plaza del Lago]] in [[Wilmette, Illinois]], completed in 1928 by Henry Gage<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shea |first1=Robert | title=[[From No Man's Land, To Plaza del Lago]] |year=1987 |publisher=American References Publishing Corporation |location=919 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL. 60611}}</ref>
* [[Camarillo State Hospital]] in [[Camarillo, California]], first phase completed in 1936 by State Architect Howard Spencer Hazen, built to completion in 1957. With the hospital's closure in 1997, the site has been redeveloped into [[California State University Channel Islands]] (opened in 2002), with all the new college buildings retaining the Spanish Colonial Revival architecture and [[Mission Revival architecture]], except the [[John Spoor Broome Library]]—the only modern-style building on campus.
* [[:pt:Antiga Estação Transmissora da Rádio Farroupilha|Antiga Estação Transmissora da Rádio Farroupilha]] (former Farroupilha Radio Broadcast Station), an example from [[Porto Alegre]], city in far southern [[Brazil]], opened in 1952, closed in 1986.

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" widths="180px" heights="120px">
File:Casa Del Prado detail 2.jpg|Casa del Prado Theatre & Balboa Park, [[San Diego, California]] (1915)
File:Pvazquez1.jpg|Vásquez Palace, in [[Macul]], [[Chile]] (1931)
File:Flagler College, Ponce de Leon Hotel, St. Augustine FL, South courtyard view 20160707 1.jpg|Once the luxurious [[Ponce de Leon Hotel]] (1888), since 1968 it has served as the centerpiece of the campus of [[Flagler College]] in [[St. Augustine, Florida]].
File:Frese Hall.JPG| [[Queens College, City University of New York|Queens College]] in [[New York City]] still uses many of its original Spanish-style buildings, which were built in the early 20th century.
File:WSHart House.jpg|[[William S. Hart]]'s ''La Loma de los Vientos'', a 22-room house atop a prominent hill in [[Newhall, California]], designed by architect [[Arthur Rolland Kelly|Arthur R. Kelly]] and built between 1924 and 1928
File:Sebastián Piñera, Fotografía Oficial junto a su gabinete ministerial.jpg|Presidential Palace in Cerro Castillo, [[Viña del Mar]], [[Chile]] (1930)
File:Arzobispado de Lima (3912327407).jpg|[[Archbishop's Palace of Lima]], [[Lima]], [[Peru]] (1924), which incorporates traditional [[Balconies of Lima|limeño balconies]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Mediterranean Revival Style architecture]]
* [[Mission Revival Style architecture]]
* [[Mar del Plata style]] - eclectic vernacular architecture from Argentina featuring some Spanish Colonial characteristics
* [[Revivalism (architecture)]]
* [[Ibero-American Exposition of 1929]] - several [[pavilions]] erected for this event fall under the style
* [[:Category:Spanish Revival architecture|Category: Spanish Revival architecture]]
* [[:Category:Spanish Revival architects|Spanish Revival architects]]
* [[:Category:Spanish Colonial Revival architects|Spanish Colonial Revival architects]]
* [[:Category:Spanish Revival architecture in California|Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in California]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* [[Gauvin Alexander Bailey]], ''Art of Colonial Latin America''. London: Phaidon Press, 2005.
* Newcomb, Rexford, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075649/http://www.acanthuspress.com/ps-32-3-mediterranean-domestic-architecture-in-the-united-states.aspx Mediterranean Domestic Architecture in the United States]''. Marc Appleton, intro. New York: Acanthus Press, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-926494-13-8}}
* {{cite book|author=Weitze, K.|year=1984|title=California's Mission Revival|publisher=Hennessy & Ingalls, Inc., Los Angeles, CA|isbn=0-912158-89-1}}
* Nolan, David, ''The Houses of St. Augustine''. Sarasota, Pineapple Press, 1995.
* Nylander, Justin A., ''Casas to Castles: Florida's Historic Mediterranean Revival Architecture''. Schiffer, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-7643-3435-1}}
* Mockler, Kim. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075656/http://www.acanthuspress.com/ps-65-4-maurice-fatio.aspx Maurice Fatio: Palm Beach Architect]''. New York: Acanthus Press, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-926494-09-1}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.colonialarchitectureproject.org Colonial Architecture Project with 7,000 pictures of colonial buildings, most of them Spanish]

{{Architecture in the United States}}
{{Spanish Colonial architecture}}
{{Revivals}}

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[[Category:American architectural styles]]
[[Category:House styles]]
[[Category:Revival architectural styles]]
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[[Category:20th-century architectural styles]]
[[Category:Addison Mizner]]