Editing Spectacled warbler

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{distinguish|Speckled warbler}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Fauvette à lunettes Aqueduc de Zaghouan.jpg
| image_caption = Male in [[Tunisia]]
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22716976/155624362 |title=''Curruca conspicillata'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2012 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22716976A155624362.en|access-date=21 October 2022}}</ref>
| genus = Curruca
| species = conspicillata
| authority = ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1820)
| synonyms = ''Sylvia conspicillata''
}}

The '''spectacled warbler''' ('''''Curruca conspicillata''''') is a [[species]] in the [[typical warbler]] genus, ''Curruca''. The specific ''conspicillata'' is from [[Latin]] ''conspicillum'',  a place to look from, equivalent to "spectacled".<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n117 117], 376}}</ref>

It breeds in northwest [[Africa]], southwest [[Europe]] from [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberia]] to [[Italy]], and then further east on the eastern [[Mediterranean]] islands and coastal regions. It is mainly resident in Africa, but other populations [[bird migration|migrate]] to winter more widely in north and west [[Africa]] and [[Egypt]]. This [[bird]] is a rare vagrant to northern and western [[Europe]].

It also occurs in some [[Atlantic]] islands. The [[subspecies]] ''orbitalis'' has been proposed for those of the [[Cape Verde Islands]]. The presumed subspecies for the [[Madeira]] birds, ''bella'', is today usually included in this [[taxon]], as are the birds of the [[Canary Islands]], where the species is quite common except on [[El Hierro]] and known as ''zarzalero y ratonero''.<ref>Álamo Tavío, Manuel (1975): "[http://bdigital.ulpgc.es/mdc/texto/pdf/057627_0000.pdf Aves de Fuerteventura en peligro de extinción]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}". ''In:'' Asociación Canaria para Defensa de la Naturaleza (ed.): ''Aves y plantas de Fuerteventura en peligro de extinción'': 10-32. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.</ref>

These are very small "warblers" and are intermediate between [[common whitethroat]]s and [[Tristram's warbler]] in coloration. Spectacled warblers are brown above and buff below, with chestnut wing patches and a white throat. Adult males have a grey head and the white eye ring which gives the species its name. Immature birds can be confused with both the whitethroat and the [[western subalpine warbler]], and identification is difficult in the field. The song is a fast high warble.

About the precise relationships of this bird, not much can be said with certainty. It seems as if its intermediate appearance, apart from the [[autapomorph]]ic white eye ring, indicates its relationships reasonably well. At least, it is not the closest living relative of Tristram's warbler.<ref>Helbig, A. J. (2001): Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus ''Sylvia''. ''In:'' Shirihai, Hadoram: ''Sylvia warblers'': 24-29. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. {{ISBN|0-691-08833-0}}</ref><ref>Jønsson, Knud A. and Fjeldså, Jon (2006): A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). ''[[Zoologica Scripta|Zool. Scripta]]'' '''35'''(2): 149–186. {{doi|10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x}}</ref>

These small [[passerine]] birds are found in dry open country with bushes. 3-6 eggs are laid in a nest in a bush.  Like its relatives, the spectacled warbler is insectivorous.
[[File:Sylvia conspicillata MHNT 232 Aïn Taga Algérie.jpg|thumb|Eggs of ''Curruca conspicillata '' [[MHNT]]]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==

* [[Shirihai, Hadoram]], Alan Harris and David Cottridge (1991) Identification of Spectacled Warbler ''[[British Birds (magazine)|British Birds]]'' 84(10):423-430

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Sylvia conspicillata|Spectacled warbler}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Sylvia conspicillata|Spectacled warbler}}
* Madeira Birds: [http://www.madeirabirds.com/spectacle_warbler Spectacled warbler]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141202063915/http://aulaenred.ibercaja.es/wp-content/uploads/366_SpectacledWarblerSconspicillata.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF; 4.5 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q110257518|from2=Q757121}}

[[Category:Curruca|spectacled warbler]]
[[Category:Birds of Southern Europe]]
[[Category:Birds of Macaronesia]]
[[Category:Birds of North Africa]]
[[Category:Birds of West Asia]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1820|spectacled warbler]]