Editing Stator

{{Short description|Stationary part of a system}}
{{About|a component of electromotive devices|the component of a compressor|Axial compressor#Description{{!}}Axial compressor|the genus of beetles|Stator (beetle)}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2012}}

[[File:Stator and rotor by Zureks.JPG|thumb|[[Rotor (electric)|Rotor]] (lower left) and stator (upper right) of an electric motor]]
[[File:Stator machine triphasée.jpg|thumb|Stator of a 3-phase AC-motor]]
[[File:Various Electronic Components (14292852079).jpg|thumb|Stator of a brushless DC motor from computer cooler fan.]]

The '''stator''' is the stationary part of a rotary system,<ref name="Klempner">{{cite book |last1=Klempner |first1=Geoff |last2=Kerszenbaum |first2=Isidor |title=Operation and Maintenance of Large Turbo-Generators |date=2004 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-471-61447-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPdkLp_crLAC&dq=stator&pg=PA34 |language=en}}</ref> found in [[electric generator]]s, [[electric motor]]s, [[Siren (alarm)|sirens]], [[mud motor]]s, or biological rotors (such as bacterial [[Flagellum|flagella]] or [[ATP synthase]]). Energy flows through a stator to or from the rotating component of the system, the [[Rotor (electric)|rotor]]. In an electric motor, the stator provides a [[magnetic field]] that drives the rotating [[Armature (electrical)|armature]]; in a [[Electric generator|generator]], the stator converts the rotating magnetic field to [[electric current]]. In fluid powered devices, the stator guides the flow of fluid to or from the rotating part of the system.

==Design==
Motor stators are made either from iron/steel or from a [[printed circuit board]] (PCB). Originally applied to low-power applications, PCB stators can be lighter, smaller, and less noisy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gustes-Pinto |first=Paulo |date=2022-03-26 |title=This Axial-Flux Motor With a PCB Stator Is Ripe for an Electrified World |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/axial-flux |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=IEEE Spectrum |language=en}}</ref>

One design embeds thin copper traces in the PCB stator that serve as the windings. The traces  are interleaved with epoxy-glass laminates, that insulate each coil from its neighbors. An air core replaces the traditional iron core, saving space and weight, and allowing a smaller air gap.<ref name=":0" />

[[Hairpin technology|Hairpin windings]] may be used in the construction of electric motor stators. This technology, uses windings with wires that individually, may have larger cross sections than those used in conventional windings.

==Motors==
Depending on the configuration of a spinning electromotive device the stator may act as the ''field  magnet'', interacting with the [[armature (electrical engineering)|armature]] to create motion, or it may act as the ''armature'', receiving its influence from moving field coils on the rotor. The first [[direct current|DC]] generators (known as [[dynamo]]s) and [[Electric motor#Wound field DC motor|DC motors]] put the field coils on the stator, and the power generation or motive reaction coils on the rotor. This is necessary because a continuously moving power switch known as the [[Commutator (electric)|commutator]] is needed to keep the field correctly aligned across the spinning rotor. The commutator must become larger and more robust as the current increases.

[[File:Stator winding at WPS.JPG|thumb|left|Stator winding of a generator at a [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power station]].]]
The stator of these devices may be either a permanent [[magnet]] or an [[electromagnet]].

An [[alternating current|AC]] [[alternator]] produces power across multiple high-current power generation coils connected in parallel, eliminating the commutator.
[[File:Stator of a 3-phase induction motor.jpg|alt=Stator of a 3-phase induction motor|thumb|Stator of a 3-phase induction motor]]
==Fluid devices==
In a [[turbine]], the stator element contains blades or ports used to redirect the flow of fluid.  Such devices include the [[steam turbine]] and the [[torque converter]]. In a mechanical siren, the stator contains one or more rows of holes that admit air into the rotor; by controlling the flow of air through the holes, the sound of the siren can be altered. A stator can reduce the turbulence and rotational energy introduced by an axial turbine fan, creating a steady column of air with a lower [[Reynolds number]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://airiusfans.com/company/destratification/|title=Destratification Fans by Airius|access-date=2017-04-19|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420143501/http://airiusfans.com/company/destratification/|archive-date=2017-04-20}}</ref>

== Application ==
In electric vehicles (EV), the stator plays an important role in the motor, generating the torque and power needed for smooth and efficient operation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is a Stator? Functions, Types, and Applications Explained|url=https://www.grwinding.com/what-is-a-stator/|access-date=2025-03-16|work=www.grwinding.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What is an Electric Vehicle Traction Motor?|url=https://www.everythingpe.com/community/what-is-an-electric-vehicle-traction-motor|access-date=2025-03-16|work=www.everythingpe.com}}</ref> By working seamlessly with the rotor, the stator ensures high energy efficiency and reliability of electric vehicles, making it a crucial component in the transition to more environmentally friendly modes of transport.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Electric Traction Motors: What Are They And How Do They Work?|url=https://ennovi.com/electric-traction-motors-what-are-they-and-how-do-they-work/|access-date=2025-03-16|work=ennovi.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Understanding How EV Motors Work|url=https://hypercraftusa.com/understanding-how-ev-motors-work/|access-date=2025-03-16|work=hypercraftusa.com}}</ref>

Stators are essential in industrial machines such as pumps, compressors, and conveyor systems.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is a stator|url=https://www.bluettipower.com/blogs/news/generator-stator-generating-current|access-date=2025-03-16|work=www.bluettipower.com}}</ref> They ensure the smooth and efficient operation of these systems by converting electrical energy into precise mechanical movement necessary for performing heavy-duty tasks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Difference between Stator and Rotor|url=https://electricalblogging.com/difference-between-stator-and-rotor/|access-date=2025-03-16|work=electricalblogging.com}}</ref>

In renewable energy systems, stators make a significant contribution to the operation of wind turbines and hydroelectric power plants.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guide to Understanding and Using Magnetic Power Generators|url=https://greenlifezen.com/magnetic-power-generators/|access-date=2025-03-16|work=greenlifezen.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Advances in Hydroelectric Power Generation|url=https://www.altenergymag.com/article/2023/02/advances-in-hydroelectric-power-generation/39093/|access-date=2025-03-16|work=www.altenergymag.com}}</ref> By converting the mechanical energy of wind or water into electricity, stators help produce clean and sustainable energy, aiding in reducing the world's dependency on fossil fuels.

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems use stators to power efficient motors that circulate air, regulate temperature, and humidity. Their performance directly impacts the energy efficiency and reliability of HVAC systems, ensuring comfort in residential, commercial, and industrial settings.

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Stators (machine element)|Stator}}

{{Electric motor}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Electric motors]]
[[Category:Sirens]]