Editing Stenopodidea

{{Short description|Infraorder of crustaceans}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil_range|Late Devonian|Recent}}
| image = Stenopus hispidus (high res).jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Stenopus hispidus]]''
| taxon = Stenopodidea
| authority = [[Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus|Claus]], 1872
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision = 
*[[Macromaxillocarididae]] <small>Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006</small>
*[[Spongicolidae]] <small>[[Frederick Schram|Schram]], 1986</small>
*[[Stenopodidae]] <small>[[Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus|Claus]], 1872</small>
|synonyms=
* Euzygida<ref>{{cite taxon|WoRMS|title=Stenopodidea |id=106676 |access-date=4 March 2025}}</ref> 
}}

The '''Stenopodidea''' or '''boxer shrimps''' are a small group of [[Decapoda|decapod]] [[crustacean]]s. Often confused with [[Caridea|Caridea shrimp]] or [[Dendrobranchiata|Dendrobranchiata prawns]], they are neither, belonging to their own group.

==Anatomy==
They can be differentiated from the Dendrobranchiata prawns by their lack of branching [[gills]], and by the fact that they brood their eggs instead of directly releasing them into the water.  They differ from the Caridea shrimp by their greatly enlarged third pair of legs.<ref name="Bauer_3_14">{{cite book |author=Raymond T. Bauer |year=2004 |title=Remarkable Shrimps: Adaptations and Natural History of the Carideans |volume=7 |series=Animal Natural History Series |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |isbn=978-0-8061-3555-7 |chapter=What is a caridean shrimp? |pages=3–14 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8YHIsnod3EC&pg=PA3}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
Stenopodidea belongs to the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Decapoda]], and is most closely related to the [[Caridea]] and [[Procarididea]] [[infraorder]]s of [[shrimp]].  The [[cladogram]] below shows Stenopodidea's relationships to other relatives within [[Decapoda]], from analysis by Wolfe ''et al.'', 2019.<ref name="Wolfe2019">{{cite journal |last1=Wolfe |first1=Joanna M. |last2=Breinholt |first2=Jesse W. |last3=Crandall |first3=Keith A. |last4=Lemmon |first4=Alan R. |last5=Lemmon |first5=Emily Moriarty |last6=Timm |first6=Laura E. |last7=Siddall |first7=Mark E. |last8=Bracken-Grissom |first8=Heather D. |url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.0079 |title=A phylogenomic framework, evolutionary timeline and genomic resources for comparative studies of decapod crustaceans |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B | date=24 April 2019 |volume=286 |issue=1901 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2019.0079 | pmc=6501934  |pmid=31014217 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

{{Decapoda cladogram}}

There are 71 extant species currently recognized within Stenopodidea, divided into 12 genera.<ref name="Carideorum">{{cite journal |author=S. De Grave |author2=C. H. J. M. Fransen |name-list-style=amp |year=2011 |title=Carideorum Catalogus: the Recent species of the dendrobranchiate, stenopodidean, procarididean and caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) |journal=[[Zoologische Mededelingen]] |volume=85 |issue=9 |pages=195–589, figs. 1–59 |isbn=978-90-6519-200-4 |url=http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/85/nr02/a01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121220093841/http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/85/nr02/a01 |archive-date=2012-12-20 }}</ref> Three fossil species are also recognized, each belonging to a separate genus.<ref name="Grave">{{cite journal |journal = [[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology]] |year=2009 |volume = Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title = A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=N. Dean Pentcheff |author3=Shane T. Ahyong |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name=Devonostenopus /> The earliest fossil assigned to the Stenopodidea is ''[[Devonostenopus|Devonostenopus pennsylvaniensis]]'' from the [[Devonian]].<ref name=Devonostenopus>{{Cite journal|author=Wade T. Jones|author2=Rodney M. Feldmann|author3=Carrie E. Schweitzer|author4=Frederick R. Schram|author5=Rose-Anna Behr|author6=Kristen L. Hand|name-list-style=amp |year=2014 |title=The first Paleozoic stenopodidean from the Huntley Mountain Formation (Devonian–Carboniferous), north-central Pennsylvania |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=88 |issue=6 |pages=1251–1256 |doi=10.1666/13-059 }}</ref> Until ''D. pennsylvaniensis'' was discovered, the oldest known member of the group was ''[[Jilinicaris|Jilinicaris chinensis]]'' from the [[Late Cretaceous]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1163/156854000504183 |title=The first fossil stenopodidean |author1=Frederick R. Shram |author2=Shen Yanbin |author3=Ronald Vonk |author4=Rodney S. Taylor  |name-list-style=amp |journal=[[Crustaceana]] |volume=73 |issue=2 |year=2000 |pages=235–242|url=http://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/11778/11778.pdf }}</ref>

The cladogram below shows Stenopodidea's internal relationships:<ref name="Wolfe2019"/>

{{clade| style=font-size:85%; line-height:85%
|label1='''Stenopodidea'''
|1={{clade
 |1=[[Stenopodidae]]
 |2={{clade
  |1=[[Macromaxillocarididae]]
  |2=[[Spongicolidae]] }} }} }}

<br>
Stenopodidea comprises the following [[family (biology)|families]] and [[genus|genera]]:

* †''[[Dubiostenopus]]'' <small>Alencar ''et al.'' 2023</small>

*[[Macromaxillocarididae]] <small>Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006</small>
**''[[Macromaxillocaris]]'' <small>Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006</small>
*[[Spongicolidae]] <small>Schram, 1986</small>
**''[[Engystenopus]]'' <small>Alcock & Anderson, 1894</small>
**''[[Globospongicola]]'' <small>Komai & Saito, 2006</small>
**†''[[Jilinicaris]]'' <small>Schram, Shen, Vonk & Taylor, 2000</small>
**''[[Microprosthema]]'' <small>Stimpson, 1860</small>
**''[[Paraspongicola]]'' <small>De Saint Laurent & Cléva, 1981</small>
**''[[Spongicola]]'' <small>De Haan, 1844</small>
**''[[Spongicoloides]]'' <small>Hansen, 1908</small>
**''[[Spongiocaris]]'' <small>Bruce & Baba, 1973</small>
*[[Stenopodidae]] <small>Claus, 1872</small>
**†''[[Devonostenopus]]'' <small>Jones ''et al.'', 2014</small>
**''[[Juxtastenopus]]'' <small>Goy, 2010</small>
**''[[Odontozona]]'' <small>Holthuis, 1946</small>
**†''[[Phoenice (genus)|Phoenice]]'' <small>Garassino, 2001</small>
**''[[Richardina]]'' <small>A. Milne-Edwards, 1881</small>
**''[[Stenopus]]'' <small>Latreille, 1819</small>

==References==
{{Reflist|32em}}

{{Decapoda}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q932151}}

[[Category:Stenopodidea| ]]
[[Category:Arthropod infraorders]]
[[Category:Extant Late Devonian first appearances]]