Editing Stephen Phillips

{{Short description|English poet and dramatist}}
{{Other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}

[[File:Portrait of Stephen Phillips.jpg|thumb|Stephen Phillips.]]
'''Stephen Phillips''' (28 July 1864 – 9 December 1915) was an [[England|English]] poet and dramatist, who enjoyed considerable popularity early in his career.

==Biography==
He was born at [[Summertown, Oxford|Summertown]] near [[Oxford]], the son of the Rev. Stephen Phillips, [[precentor]] of Peterborough Cathedral. He was educated at Stratford and Peterborough Grammar Schools, and considered entering [[Queens' College, Cambridge]] on a minor scholarship to study classics; but he instead went to a London [[crammer]] to prepare for the civil service.<ref>J. P. Wearing, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35514 ‘Phillips, Stephen (1864–1915)’], ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 31 January 2024</ref> In 1885, however, he moved to Wolverhampton to join his cousin [[F. R. Benson]]'s dramatic company, and for six years he played various small parts.

[[File:Stephen Phillips - portrait.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Stephen Phillips]]

In 1890 a slender volume of verse was published at Oxford with the title ''Primavera'', which contained contributions by him and by his cousin [[Laurence Binyon]] and others. In 1894 he published ''Eremus'', a long poem of loose structure in blank verse of a philosophical complexion. In 1896 appeared ''Christ in Hades'', forming with a few other short pieces one of the slim paper-covered volumes of [[Elkin Mathews]]'s Shilling Garland. This poem caught the eye of the critics, and when it was followed by a collection of ''Poems'' in 1897 the writer's position as a new poet of exceptional gifts was generally recognized. This volume contained a new edition of ''Christ in Hades'', together with ''Marpessa'', ''The Woman with the Dead Soul'', ''The Wife'' and shorter pieces, including ''To Milton, Blind''. The volume won the prize of £100 offered by the [[The Academy (periodical)|''Academy'' newspaper]] for the best new book of its year,<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Stephen Phillips|title=Authors and I|author=Hind, C. Lewis|year=1921|publisher=John Lane Company|location=NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924027149974/page/n230 223]–227|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924027149974}}</ref> ran through half a dozen editions in two years, and established Phillips's rank as poet, which was sustained by the publication, in the ''Nineteenth Century'' in 1898 of his poem ''Endymion''.

[[File:Portrait of Stephen Phillips.png|thumb|right|200px|Stephen Phillips]]

[[George Alexander (actor)|Sir George Alexander]], the actor-manager, moved perhaps by a certain clamour among the critics for a literary drama, then commissioned Phillips to write him a play, the result being ''[[Paolo Malatesta|Paolo]] and [[Francesca da Rimini|Francesca]]'' (1900), a drama founded on [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s famous episode from [[The Divine Comedy|''Inferno'']]. Encouraged by the great success of the drama in its literary form, Mr Alexander produced the piece at the [[St. James's Theatre|St. James' Theatre]] in 1902.<ref>Produced by [[George Alexander (actor)|Sir George Alexander]] at the [[St. James's Theatre|St. James' Theatre]] beginning 6 March 1902. [[#Mason|Mason]], p. 237.</ref> In the meantime, Phillips's next play, ''Herod: a Tragedy'', had been produced by [[Beerbohm Tree]] on 31 October 1900, and was published as a book in 1901; ''Ulysses'', also produced by Beerbohm Tree, was published in 1902; ''The Sin of David'', a drama on the story of David and [[Bathsheba]], translated into the times and terms of [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwellian]] England, was published in 1904; and ''Nero'', produced by Beerbohm Tree, was published in 1906. In these plays the poet's avowed aim was, instead of attempting to revive the method of [[Shakespeare]] and the Elizabethans, to revitalize the method of [[Greek drama]]. ''Paolo and Francesca'' (which admitted certainly one scene on an Elizabethan model) was the most successful.

When a theatrical production of ''Ulysses'' was staged at [[Her Majesty's Theatre]], London, in 1902<ref name="UHMT">{{cite news|url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/8th-february-1902/9/-ulysses-at-her-majestys-theatre|title="Ulysses" at Her Majesty's theatre|date=8 February 1902|work=[[The Spectator]]|page=9|accessdate=15 January 2014}}</ref> the opening night was attended by the Royal Family, nobility, politicians, and many other members of high society.<ref name="Tatler">{{cite news|title=Who's Who in a First-night Audience at Her Majesty's|date=29 January 1902|work=[[The Tatler]]|page=216}}</ref> The 29 January 1902 issue of ''[[The Tatler]]'' reported that the artist [[Henry Jamyn Brooks]] was working on a {{convert|9|x|6|ft|m}} picture of the attendees, which was to include some 300 portraits.<ref name="Tatler" />

For his earlier career, see the section on Stephen Phillips in ''Poets of the Younger Generation'', by [[William Archer (critic)|William Archer]] (1902); also the articles on 'Tragedy and Mr Stephen Phillips', by [[William Watson (poet)|William Watson]] in the ''Fortnightly Review'' (March 1898); 'The Poetry of Mr Stephen Phillips', in the ''Edinburgh Review'' (January 1900); 'Mr Stephen Phillips', in ''The Century'' (January 1901), by [[Edmund Gosse]]; and 'Mr Stephen Phillips', in the ''Quarterly Review'' (April 1902), by [[Arthur Symons]].

While enjoying success in the theatre Phillips continued to write and publish poetry. In 1908 he brought out ''New Poems'', and then in 1911 his longest poem, ''The New Inferno'' (1911). This was followed by ''Lyrics and Dramas'' (1913) and ''Panama and other Poems'' (1915). From January 1913 until his death he was editor of ''The Poetry Review''.

Shortly before his death Phillips completed ''Harold'', a verse play about the Norman conquest. In October 1915 he fell ill after suffering a severe chill. He died in [[Deal, Kent|Deal in Kent]], on 9 December 1915, of cirrhosis of the liver and exhaustion. He was buried in the cemetery at Hastings on 13 December 1915.<ref>J. P. Wearing, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35514 ‘Phillips, Stephen (1864–1915)’], ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 31 January 2024</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{EB1911|wstitle = Phillips, Stephen|volume=21}}
* <cite id=Mason>[[A. E. W. Mason|Mason, A. E. W.]] (1935). ''Sir George Alexander & The St. James' Theatre''. Reissued 1969, New York: Benjamin Blom.</cite>
* Whittington-Egan, Richard (2006). ''Stephen Phillips: A Biography''.  Rivendale Press. {{ISBN|1-904201-01-6}}.
*{{cite ODNB|first=J. P.|last= Wearing|title=Phillips, Stephen (1864–1915)|id=35514}}

==External links==
{{wikisource author}}
{{commons category}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=8531| name=Stephen Phillips}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Stephen Phillips}}
* {{Librivox author |id=17349}}
*[https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/person/336/ Play ''"Armageddon'''  on Great War Theatre website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phillips, Stephen}}
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century English dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Writers from Oxford]]
[[Category:English male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:English male poets]]
[[Category:19th-century English poets]]
[[Category:20th-century English dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century English poets]]
[[Category:19th-century English male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century English male writers]]