Editing Stephen Timoshenko

{{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and academic (1878–1972)}}
{{family name hatnote|Prokopovych|Timoshenko|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Stephen Timoshenko
| native_name       = {{nobold|Степан Тимошенко}}
| native_name_lang  = uk
| image             = Timoshenko Stephen.jpg
| caption           = Timoshenko, c. 1918
| birth_name        = Stepan Prokopovych Tymoshenko
| birth_date        = {{OldStyleDate|December 22|1878|December 10}}
| birth_place       = Shpotovka, [[Chernigov Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date        = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1972|05|29|1878|12|23}}
| death_place       = [[Wuppertal]], [[West Germany]]
| alma_mater        = [[Petersburg State Transport University]]
| doctoral_advisor  = 
| doctoral_students = {{plainlist|*[[Nicholas J. Hoff]]
*[[James N. Goodier]]
*[[Egor Popov]]<ref name="mate">{{mathgenealogy|id=91206|name=Stephen Prokofyevich Timoshenko}}</ref>}}
| known_for         = [[Timoshenko beam theory]]
| nationality       = [[Russian Empire]], then [[United States]] after about 1927
| field             = [[Engineering Mechanics]]
| work_institution  = [[Kiev Polytechnic Institute]], [[Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University]], [[University of Michigan]], [[Stanford University]]
| prizes            = [[The Franklin Institute Awards|Louis E. Levy Medal]] {{small|(1944)}}<br/>[[Timoshenko Medal]] {{small|(1957)}}<br/>[[Elliott Cresson Medal]] {{small|(1958)}}<br/>[[Fellow of the Royal Society]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Mansfield | first1 = E. H. | last2 = Young | first2 = D. H. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1973.0025 | title = Stephen Prokofievitch Timoshenko 1878-1972 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 19 | pages = 679–694 | year = 1973 | doi-access =  }}</ref>
| religion          = 
}}

'''Stepan Prokopovich Timoshenko'''<ref>Elishakoff I., "Stepan Prokofievich Timoshenko", in ''Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics'' (H. Altenbach and A. Öchsner, eds.), pp. 2552-2555, Berlin: Springer, 2020</ref> ({{langx|uk|Степан Прокопович Тимошенко|Stepan Prokopovych Tymoshenko}}; {{langx|ru|Степан Прокофьевич Тимошенко|Stepan Prokofyevich Timoshenko}}, {{IPA|ru|sʲtʲɪˈpan prɐˈkofʲjɪvʲɪtɕ tʲɪmɐˈʂɛnkə|}}; {{OldStyleDate|December 22|1878|December 10}} &ndash; May 29, 1972), later known as '''Stephen Timoshenko''', was a Russian<ref>[https://www.fsb.unizg.hr/brodogradnja/UZIR-Essay-2017-Cakmak.pdf The Life and Work of Stephen P. Timoshenko]</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eVlVAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Stephen+Timoshenko%22+Russian |title=The Chartered Mechanical Engineer |date=1963 |publisher=The Institution |language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.lib.umich.edu/faculty-history/faculty/stephen-timoshenko/bio-0 University of Michigan. Faculty History Project]</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Moon |first=Francis C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R8HEBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Stephen+Timoshenko%22+Russian&pg=PA150 |title=Social Networks in the History of Innovation and Invention |date=2013-11-19 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-94-007-7528-2 |language=en}}</ref> and later an American<ref name="infosketch">{{Cite web |title=Stephen Timoshenko |url=https://www.nndb.com/people/415/000173893/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=www.nndb.com}}</ref> [[Mechanical engineer|engineer]] and academician.

He is considered to be the father of modern [[engineering mechanics]]. An inventor and one of the pioneering mechanical engineers at the [[Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University|St. Petersburg Polytechnic University]]. A founding member of the [[Ukrainian Academy of Sciences]], Timoshenko wrote seminal works in the areas of [[engineering mechanics]], [[Elasticity (physics)|elasticity]] and [[strength of materials]], many of which are still widely used today. Having started his scientific career in the [[Russian Empire]], Timoshenko emigrated to the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] during the [[Russian Civil War]] and then to the [[United States]].<ref name="frs"/><ref name=AIR>{{cite book| first=Stephen P.| last=Timoshenko| title=As I Remember; The Autobiography of Stephen P. Timoshenko|publisher=Princeton, Van Nostrand| year=1968 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=C. Richard Soderberg| title=Stephen P. Timoshenko, 1878-1972: A biographical memoir|publisher=The National Academies Press (National Academy of Sciences)| year=1982 }}</ref><ref>
{{Cite book |url=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/576/chapter/1 |title=Read "Biographical Memoirs: Volume 53" at NAP.edu |date=1982 |doi=10.17226/576 |isbn=978-0-309-03287-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=Stephen Timoshenko |author=Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 19 | location= Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto| year=1993 }}</ref><ref>В. Борисов, [http://www.ihst.ru/projects/emigrants/timoshenko.htm Тимошенко Степан Прокофьевич],[http://www.ihst.ru/ Institute of the History of the Natural Sciences and Technology] of the [[Russian Academy of Science]]</ref><ref>Писаренко Г.С. Степан Прокофьевич Тимошенко. М., 1991.</ref>

==Biography==
Timoshenko was born in the village of [[Shpotivka|Shpotovka]], [[Konotopsky Uyezd|Uyezd of Konotop]] in the [[Chernigov Governorate]] which at that time was a territory of the [[Russian Empire]] (today in [[Konotop Raion]], [[Sumy Oblast]] of [[Ukraine]]). He was ethnically Ukrainian.<ref>{{Cite book |last=SODERBERG |first=C. RICHARD SODERBERG |url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/timoshenko-stephen-1.pdf |title=STEPHEN P. TIMOSHENKO 1878—1972 |publisher=NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |year=1982 |location=WASHINGTON D.C. |pages=323 |quote=THE MAJOR FACTS of the life of Stephen P. Timoshenko are by now well known. He was born as Stepen Prokofyevich Timoshenko* in the village of Shpotovka in the Ukraine on December 23, 1878.}}</ref>

He studied at a [[Realschule]] ({{langx|ru|[[:ru:реальное училище|реальное училище]]}}) in [[Romny]], [[Poltava Governorate]] (now in [[Sumy Oblast]]) from 1889 to 1896. In Romny his schoolmate and friend was future famous semiconductor physicist [[Abram Ioffe]]. Timoshenko continued his education towards a university degree at the [[Petersburg State Transport University|St. Petersburg State Transport University]]. After graduating in 1901, he stayed on teaching in this same institution from 1901 to 1903 and then worked at the [[Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute]] under [[Viktor Kirpichov]] 1903–1906. In 1905, he was sent for one year to the [[University of Göttingen]] where he worked under [[Ludwig Prandtl]].

In the fall of 1906, he was appointed to the Chair of Strengths of Materials at the [[Kyiv Polytechnic Institute]]. The return to his native Ukraine turned out to be an important part of his career and also influenced his future personal life. From 1907 to 1911, as a [[professor]] at the Polytechnic Institute he did research in the earlier variant of the [[Finite Element Method]] of elastic calculations, the so-called [[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh|Rayleigh]] method. During those years he also pioneered work on [[buckling]], and published the first version of his famous ''Strength of Materials'' textbook. He was elected dean of the Division of Structural Engineering in 1909.

In 1911 he signed a protest against Minister for Education Kasso and was fired from the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute.
In 1911 he was awarded the D. I. Zhuravski prize of the [[Petersburg State Transport University|St. Petersburg State Transport University]] that helped him survive after losing his job. He went to [[St Petersburg]] where he worked as a lecturer and then a Professor in the ''Electrotechnical Institute'' and the St Petersburg Institute of the Railways (1911–1917). During that time he developed the [[theory of elasticity]] and the theory of [[Beam (structure)|beam]] deflection, and continued to study buckling. In 1918 he returned to Kyiv and assisted [[Vladimir Vernadsky]] in establishing the [[Ukrainian Academy of Sciences]] – the oldest [[Academy#Russian research academies|academy]] among the [[Soviet republics]] other than Russia. In 1918–1920 Timoshenko headed the newly established Institute of Mechanics of the [[Ukrainian Academy of Sciences]], which today carries his name.

After the [[Armed Forces of South Russia]] of general [[Anton Ivanovich Denikin|Denikin]] had taken Kyiv in 1919, Timoshenko moved from Kyiv to [[Rostov-on-Don]]. After travel via [[Novorossiysk]], [[Crimea]] and [[Constantinople]] to the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]], he arrived in [[Zagreb]], where he got professorship at the Zagreb Polytechnic Institute. In 1920, during the brief [[Kiev offensive (1920)|liberation of Kyiv from Bolsheviks]], Timoshenko traveled to the city, reunited with his family and returned with his family to [[Zagreb]].

He is remembered for delivering lectures in [[Russian language|Russian]] while using as many words in [[Croatian language|Croatian]] as he could; the students were able to understand him well.

===United States===
In 1922, Timoshenko moved to the [[United States]] where he worked for the [[Westinghouse Electric Corporation]] from 1923 to 1927, after which he became a faculty professor in the [[University of Michigan]] where he created the first [[bachelor's degree|bachelor]]'s and [[Doctorate|doctoral]] programs in engineering mechanics. His textbooks have been published in 36 languages. His first textbooks and papers were written in [[Russian language|Russian]]; later in his life, he published mostly in [[English language|English]]. In 1928 he was an Invited Speaker of the [[International Congress of Mathematicians|ICM]] in Bologna.<ref>{{cite book|author=Timoshenko, S.|chapter=The stiffness of suspension bridges|title=''In:'' Atti del Congresso Internazionale dei Matematici: Bologna del 3 al 10 de settembre di 1928|volume=6|pages=305–306}}</ref> From 1936 onward he was a professor at [[Stanford University]]. He was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1939 and the United States [[National Academy of Sciences]] in 1940.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stephen P. Timoshenko |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001646.html |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref>

Timoshenko's younger brothers, architect Serhii ([[Sergius Timoshenko]], Ukrainian Minister of Transport, participant in the 1921 [[Second Winter Campaign]] against the Soviet regime, and member of the Polish Senate),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tymoshenko, Serhii |url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CY%5CTymoshenkoSerhii.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Q|Q106642728}}</ref> and economist Volodymyr, both immigrated to the United States as well.

In 1957, [[American Society of Mechanical Engineers|ASME]] established a medal named after Stephen Timoshenko; he became its first recipient. The [[Timoshenko Medal]] honors Stephen P. Timoshenko as the world-renowned authority in the field of [[mechanical engineering]] and it commemorates his contributions as author and teacher. The Timoshenko Medal is given annually for distinguished contributions in applied mechanics. In 1960 he moved to [[Wuppertal]], [[West Germany]] to be with his daughter.

In addition to his [[textbook]]s, in 1963 Timoshenko wrote a book ''Engineering Education in Russia'' and an [[autobiography]], ''As I Remember'' in the Russian language. It was translated into English in 1968 <ref name=AIR/> by sponsorship of Stanford University.  [[Jacob Pieter Den Hartog]], who was Timoshenko's co-worker in the early 1920s at Westinghouse, wrote a review in the magazine ''Science'' <ref>Den Hartog J.P.,1968. Odyssey of an engineer, Science, Vol. 160, pp.1102-1103</ref> stating that   "between 1922 and 1962 he [S.P. Timoshenko] wrote a dozen books on all aspects of engineering mechanics, which are in their third or fourth U.S. edition and which have been translated into half a dozen foreign languages each, so that his name as an author and scholar is known to nearly every mechanical and civil engineer in the entire world.. Then, Den Hartog stressed: "There is no question that Timoshenko did much for America. It is an equally obvious truth that America did much for Timoshenko, as it did for millions of other immigrants for all over the world. However, our autobiographer has never admitted as much to his associates and pupils who, like myself often have been pained by his casual statements in conversation. That pain is not diminished by reading these statements on the printed page and one would have wished for a little less acid and a little more human kindness."

The celebrated theory that takes into account [[shear deformation]] and [[rotary inertia]] was developed by Timoshenko in collaboration with [[Paul Ehrenfest]]. 
Thus it is referred to  as [[Timoshenko-Ehrenfest beam theory]]. This fact was testified by Timoshenko.<ref>Timoshenko, S. P. (1922) "On the transverse vibrations of bars of uniform cross-section", ''Philosophical Magazine'', page 125</ref> The interrelation between Timoshenko-Ehrenfest beam and [[Euler-Bernoulli beam theory]] was investigated in the book by Wang, Reddy and Lee.<ref>Wang, C.M., Reddy, J.N. and Lee, K.H. (2000) ''Shear Deformable Beams and Plates: Relationship With Classical Solutions'', Oxford, UK: Elsevier</ref>

He died in 1972 and his ashes are buried in [[Alta Mesa Memorial Park]], [[Palo Alto]], [[California]].

Eduard Ivanovich Grigolyuk  (1923—2005) wrote several  papers devoted to S.P. Timoshenko’s life and  work.<ref>.Grigolyuk E.I., S.P. Timoshenko and His Works in the Field of Stability of Deformable Systems, in Stability of Beams, Plates, and Shells (E.I. Grigolyuk, ed.), Moscow: Nauka, 731-800, 1974 (in Russian).</ref><ref>.Grigolyuk E.I., S.P. Timoshenko and His Works in Problems of Mechanics of Deformable Solids and Analysis of Engineering Structures, in S.P. Timoshenko: Static and Dynamic Problems in Theory of Elasticity, pp. 515-542, Kiev: “Naukova Dumka” Publishers, 1975 (in Russian).</ref><ref>Grigolyuk E.I., S.P. Timoshenko and Modern Mechanics, Problemy Prochnosti (Strength of Materials), Issue 5, 116-121, 1989 (in Russian).</ref><ref>Grigolyuk E.I., “The Difference in Scientific Preparedness of Russian and American Engineers at that Time Was Stunning,” (Nauka i Zhizn) Science and Life, Issue 7, 48-54, 1997 (in Russian).</ref><ref>Grigolyuk E.I., Once Again on One Named Prize, Vestnik Rosiisko: Akademii Nauk (Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences), Vol. 68(3), 266-268, 1998a (in Russian).
</ref><ref>Grigolyuk E.I., How I was Publishing Works of S.P. Timoshenko, Vestnik Rosiiskoi Akademii Nauk (Proceedings of Russian Academy of Sciences), Vol. 68(12), 1109-1112, 1998b (in Russian).</ref> He also composed two books about him.<ref>Grigolyuk E. I.,  S.P. Timoshenko: Life and Destiny, St. Petersburg: Krylov State Research Centre, 2000 (in Russian).
 </ref><ref>Grigolyuk E.I. (2002) ''S.P. Timoshenko: Life and Destiny'', Moscow: Aviation Institute Press (in Russian).</ref> Elishakoff  et al.<ref>Elishakoff, I., Julius Kaplunov and Evgeniya Nolde (2015) “Celebrating the centenary of Timoshenko’s study of effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia”, [[Applied Mechanics Reviews]], Vol. 67(6), article 060802</ref><ref>Elishakoff, I. (2019) “J.P. Den Hartog about S.P. Timoshenko: fifty years later”, [[Mathematics & Mechanics of Solids]] 24(5):1340-1348</ref><ref>Elishakoff, I., “Stepan Prokofievich Timoshenko and America” (2019) [[ZAMM]]: ''Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik'', Vol. 99(3)</ref><ref>Elishakoff I. (2020) “Who developed the so-called Timoshenko beam theory?”, ''Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids'' 25(1): 97-116</ref><ref>Elishakoff, I., Julius Kaplunov, Elizabeth Kaplunov (2020) “Galerkin’s method was not developed by Ritz, contrary to the Timoshenko’s statement”, in ''Nonlinear Dynamics of Discrete and Continuous Systems'' (A. Abramyan, I. Andrianov and V. Gaiko, eds.), pp. 63-82, Springer, Berlin</ref><ref> Elishakoff, I., (2021) ” Stephen Timoshenko's life during last five years in the Russian Empire: From the letters of his son Gregory”, ''Mechanics Research Communications'', Vol.115, article 103691</ref><ref>Elishakoff I., and Konstantin Volokh (2021) "Centenary of two pioneering theories in mechanics", ''Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids'' 26(12): 1896-1904</ref><ref>Elishakoff I. (2021) "Letters of S.P. Timoshenko to V. I. Vernadsky recently discovered at the Columbia University’s library, with analysis of his attitudes”, ''Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids'' 27(6): 943-975</ref><ref> Elishakoff  I., Daniel Segalman and Firas Khasawneh (2022) “The 100th  anniversary of the  Timoshenko-Ehrenfest beam model”, ''Journal of Vibration and Acoustics'', article 060301</ref><ref> Elishakoff I. (2022) “Did S.P. Timoshenko and P. Ehrenfest overestimate the importance of the fourth-order time derivative in their theory of beams?", ''Journal of Vibration and Acoustics'',  Vol. 144, article 061012</ref> wrote several articles investigating S.P. Timoshenko’s  scientific activities and the question of the priority.

An archive of his manuscripts, letters, and handwritten materials are available online.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timoshenko - Google Drive |url=https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/13gdpvjwTs_yl6Oex0-41KOBpyY9fcL3v?usp=sharing |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=drive.google.com}}</ref>

===List of doctoral students in the U.S.=== 
Timoshenko remembered his students in his autobiography:<ref name=AIR/>
; [[University of Michigan]]
* Coates, W. M., (1929)
* [[Lloyd H. Donnell|Donnell, L. H.]], (1930)
* Billevicz, V., (1931)
* Everett, F. L., (1931)
* [[Max M. Frocht|Frocht, M. M.]], (1931)
* [[James N. Goodier|Goodier, J. N.]], (1931)
* Brandeberry, J. B., (1932)
* MacCullough, G. H., (1932)
* Jamieson, J., (1933)
* Taylor, W. H., (1933)
* Verse, G. L., (1933)
* Vesselowsky, S. T., (1933)
* Weibel, E. E., (1933)
* Jakkula, A. A., (1934)
* Maugh, L. C., (1934)
* Schoonover, R. H., (1934)
* Way, S., (1934)
* Wojtaszak, I. A., (1934)
* Allan, G. W. C., (1935)
* Horger, O. J., (1935)
* Maulbetsch, J. L., (1935)
* Miles, A. J., (1935)
* Young, D. H., (1935)
* Anderson, C. G., (1936)
* Fox, E. N., (1936)
* [[Miklós Hetényi|Hetenyi, M. I.]], (1936)
* Hogan, M. B., (1936)
* Marin, J., (1936)
* Zahorski, A. T., (1937)

; [[Stanford University]]

* [[Elmer Otto Bergman|Bergman, E. O.]], (1938)
* Kurzweil, A. C., (1940)
* Lee, E. H., (1940)
* Huang, Y. S., (1941)
* Wang, T. K., (1941)
* Weber, H. S., (1941)
* [[Nicholas J. Hoff|Hoff, N. J.]], (1942)
* [[Egor Popov|Popov, E. P.]], (1946)
* Chilton, E. G., (1947)

==Publications==
*''Applied Elasticity'', with J. M. Lessells, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1925
*''Vibration Problems in Engineering'', D. Van Nostrand Company, 1st Ed. 1928, 2nd Ed. 1937, 3rd Ed. 1955 (with D. H. Young)
*''Strength of Materials'', Part I, Elementary Theory and Problems, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1st Ed. 1930, 2nd Ed. 1940, 3rd Ed. 1955
*''Strength of Materials'', Part II, Advanced Theory and Problems, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1st Ed. 1930, 2nd Ed. 1941, 3rd Ed. 1956
*''Theory of Elasticity '', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1934, 2nd Ed. 1951 (with J. N. Goodier), 3rd Ed. 1970 (with J.N. Goodier)
*''Elements of Strength of Materials'', D. Van Nostrand Co., 1st Ed. 1935, 2nd Ed. 1940, 3rd Ed. 1949 (with G.H. MacCullough), 4th Ed. 1962 (with D.H. Young)
*''Theory of Elastic Stability'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1936, 2nd Ed. 1961 (with J. M. Gere)
*''Engineering Mechanics'', with D.H. Young, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1937, 2nd Ed. 1940, 3rd. Ed. 1951, 4th Ed. 1956
*''Theory of Plates and Shells '', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1940, 2nd Ed. 1959 (with S. Woinowsky-Krieger)
*''Theory of Structures'', with D. H. Young, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1945, 2nd Ed. 1965
*''Advanced Dynamics'', with D. H. Young, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948
*''History of The Strength of Materials'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1953
*''Engineering Education in Russia'',  McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1959
*''As I Remember'', D. Van Nostrand, 1968, ASIN: B000JOIJ7I
*''Mechanics of Materials'', with J. M. Gere, 1st edition, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1972
*''Erinnerungen'', Translation from the Russian original edition (Translator: Albert Duda), Berlin: [[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]], 2006, {{ISBN|3-433-01816-2}} (in German)

==See also==
* [[Timoshenko beam theory]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [[:uk:Корсак Іван Феодосійович|Korsak, I.]] ''[http://ivankorsak.com/tvorchist/borozna-u-chuzhomu-poli Harrow in a strange field (Борозна у чужому полі)]'' - Kyiv, "Yaroslaviv Val", 2014. - 224 p.
*[http://www.300.years.spb.ru/eng/3_spb_3.html?id=81 ''He was the first in the Pleiades of outstanding scientists''].  Biographical essay by Vladimir Tcheparukhin.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051230134328/http://smitu.cef.spbstu.ru/timoshenko_en.htm S.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;Timoshenko].  Structural Mechanics and Theory of Elasticity Department of the Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical University.
*{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.ihst.ru/projects/emigrants/timoshenko.htm Тимошенко Степан Прокофьевич].''Timoshenko Stepan Prokofyevich''. Biographical essay by V.&nbsp;Borisov.
*[http://www.inmech.kiev.ua/ Official website] of the Stephen Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of the [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]]
* Soderberg, R. ''[http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/timoshenko-stephen-1.pdf Stephen P. Timoshenko (Biographical Memoir)]''. National Academy of Sciences. Washington D.C. 1982.

{{Original full members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Timoshenko, Stephen Prokofyevich}}
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Sumy Oblast]]
[[Category:People from Chernigov Governorate]]
[[Category:20th-century Ukrainian engineers]]
[[Category:Structural engineers]]
[[Category:American mechanical engineers]]
[[Category:Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni]]
[[Category:Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]]
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[[Category:Full Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute]]
[[Category:University of Michigan faculty]]
[[Category:Stanford University Department of Mechanical Engineering faculty]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Germany]]
[[Category:Ukrainian mechanical engineers]]
[[Category:Mechanical engineers from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]