Editing Sting operation

{{Short description|Deceptive way to catch a person committing a crime}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
[[File:US Navy 010717-N-1350W-001 NCIS agent prepares sting operation.jpg|thumb|[[Naval Criminal Investigative Service]] preparations for an [[MDMA|ecstasy]] sting]]

In law enforcement, a '''sting operation''' is a [[deceptive]] operation designed to catch a person attempting to commit a crime. A typical sting will have an [[Undercover operation|undercover]] [[law enforcement]] officer, detective, or co-operative member of the public play a role as criminal partner or potential victim and go along with a suspect's actions to gather evidence of the suspect's wrongdoing. [[Mass media]] journalists have used sting operations to record video and broadcast to expose criminal activity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/jun/02/sleaze-journalist-sting-debate|title=Journalism: to sting or not to sting?|first=Roy|last=Greenslade|newspaper=The Guardian |date=2 June 2013|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref>

Sting operations are common in many countries, such as the United States,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/human-rights-watch/watch-fbi-targets-america_b_5613151.html|title=Watch: FBI Targets American Muslims in Abusive Counterterrorism "Sting Operations"|work=The Huffington Post|date=23 July 2014}}</ref> but they are not permitted in some countries, such as Sweden.<ref>[http://www.hogstadomstolen.se/Avgoranden/Vagledande-domar-och-beslut-prejudikat/2007/] Swedish Supreme Court, verdict B 5039-06.</ref> There are prohibitions on conducting certain types of sting operations, such as in the Philippines, where it is illegal for law enforcers to pose as drug dealers to apprehend buyers of illegal drugs. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Luna |first1=Franco |title=PDEA and PNP scrap 'miss encounter tag on Commonwealth shootout, will wait for probe findings |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/02/25/2080329/pdea-and-pnp-scrap-misencounter-tag-commonwealth-shootout-will-wait-probe-findings |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=The Philippine Star |date=25 February 2021}}</ref> In countries like France, Germany, and Italy, sting operations are relatively rare.<ref> [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-history-review/article/surveillance-state-and-the-surveillance-private-sector-pathways-to-undercover-policing-in-france-and-the-united-states/BA9CC4BD55D658C8FE02108B23801695 The Surveillance State and the Surveillance Private Sector: Pathways to Undercover Policing in France and the United States] Jacqueline E. Ross. Law and History Review. 40(2). May 2022. pp. 261-303 </ref>

==Examples==
{{See|Operation Flagship}}
* Police in Columbus, Ohio, used a [[bait car]] outfitted with surveillance technology to catch three 15- and 17-year-old car thieves.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lagatta |first1=Eric |title=Police arrest three teenagers in 'bait car' sting near Ohio State campus |url=https://eu.dispatch.com/story/news/2021/12/07/columbus-police-arrest-3-teens-bait-car-sting-near-ohio-state/6411648001/ |access-date=18 February 2024 |work=The Columbus Dispatch |date=7 December 2021}}</ref>
* In 2004, a joint operation between US, British and Australian police used fake websites - otherwise known as [[Honeypot (computing)|honeypots]] - to catch [[Security cracking|hackers]] and [[Pedophilia|pedophiles]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schrage |first1=Michael |date=26 January 2024 |title=We Can Trap More Crooks With a Net Full of Honey |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2004/01/11/we-can-trap-more-crooks-with-a-net-full-of-honey/915b8284-c4da-4dad-a32c-bb92167b5dad/ |access-date=17 February 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref>
* Wearing luxury timepieces to catch a watch thief. In late 2022, the [[London Met Police]] twice had officers pose as potential victims by wearing high-quality watches such as [[Rolex]]. According to them, there was a reduction in watch robberies as a result of the operations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hogg |first1=Ryan |title=Billionaire Sir Jim Ratcliffe says he doesn’t wear a watch in London anymore amid Rolex mugging surge |url=https://fortune.com/europe/2024/08/13/british-billionaire-sir-jim-ratcliffe-says-he-doesnt-wear-a-watch-in-london-anymore-amid-rolex-mugging-surge/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 August 2024 |work=Fortune}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Warren |first1=Jess & [[PA Media]] |title=Luxury watch thefts down after Met goes undercover |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-67996127 |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
* A man was ordered released from prison by a US judge who criticized the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] for relying on an "unsavory" informant for a fake conspiracy to blow up a [[synagogue]] in [[New York City]] and shoot down planes belonging to the [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]]. The defendants, according to prosecutors, spent months scouting out targets and securing what they believed to be explosives and missiles. They were arrested after allegedly planting fake bombs that had been packed with FBI-supplied inert explosives.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=Newburgh Four: judge orders release of man convicted in US terror sting |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/jan/20/newburgh-four-james-cromitie-ordered-released |access-date=17 February 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=20 January 2024}}</ref>
* Luring [[fugitives]] out of hiding by sending them mail telling them that they have won a vacation or sports tickets in a competition, which can be collected.<ref name="sting">{{cite news |title=From fake weddings to free flights, elaborate sting operations have ensnared suspects around the world |date=11 June 2021 |first=Antonia Noori|last=Farzan|authorlink=Antonia Noori Farzan |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/08/sting-operations/}}</ref> In a 1985 sting known as [[Operation Flagship]], US Marshals arrested over 100 fugitives by posing as a television company inviting them to the [[Washington Convention Center]] to claim free tickets for a [[Washington Redskins]] match.<ref name="sting" /> Another established a fictitious airline offering free tickets, arresting those who came to the fake check-in desk at [[Miami International Airport]].<ref name="sting" /> Such arrests are significantly safer than arresting the fugitive at their home, as the target will often be unarmed and off-guard.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Jerry |title=On the Lam: A History of Hunting Fugitives in America |last2=Palattella |first2=Ed |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2019 |isbn=9781442262591 |location=Lanham, Maryland |pages=135–137}}</ref>
* Arranging for someone under the [[legal drinking age|legal drinking]] or [[legal smoking age|smoking age]] to buy [[alcoholic beverage|alcoholic beverages]] or [[tobacco]] products from a store,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-04 |title='One sale is one too many': Alcohol sold to minors in Northland |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/527033/one-sale-is-one-too-many-alcohol-sold-to-minors-in-northland |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=[[RNZ]] |language=en-nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bodell |first=Mackenzie |title=Two gas stations fail annual alcohol compliance checks |url=https://iowastatedaily.com/276159/news/two-gas-stations-fail-annual-alcohol-compliance-checks/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Iowa State Daily}}</ref> or to ask an adult to buy the products for them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kesq.com/Global/story.asp?S=1878103&nav=9qrxNETb |publisher=kesq.com |title=Palm Springs, Coachella Valley – Weather, News, Sports: Special Report: Local police crack down on adults buying booze for minors |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115202841/http://www.kesq.com/Global/story.asp?S=1878103&nav=9qrxNETb |archive-date=15 January 2009 }}</ref>
* Police from [[Belgium]] posed as a [[documentary]] [[film crew]] to lure a Somali [[pirate]] to the country where he was thought to have hijacked a Belgian-registered ship. He was arrested at [[Brussels Airport]] and sentenced to 20 years in prison.<ref name="sting" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Somali Pirate Kingpin Sentenced to 20 Years |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/somali-pirate-kingpin-sentenced-to-20-years |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}</ref>
* Canadian and American police coordinated a fake wedding for two undercover FBI agents, and the celebration was in fact an operation targeting an international smuggling and counterfeiting operation based out of [[China]]. A total of eight guests were stopped by local police en route to the event. Authorities said the defendants had been smuggling highly-realistic counterfeit American currency, bootleg cigarettes, drugs and illegal weapons.<ref name="sting" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jamie |date=2005-08-23 |title=FBI wedding sting busts crime ring |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/aug/24/usa.internationalcrime |access-date=2024-09-17 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
* Posting a newspaper advertisement seeking a type of rare item known to have been stolen. In 1998, three agencies joined forces to conduct a sting operation where they successfully recovered the [[Honduras lunar sample displays|Honduras Goodwill Moon Rock]] from a vault in Miami. The sting operation was known as "Operation Lunar Eclipse" and the participating agencies were [[NASA Office of Inspector General]], the [[United States Postal Inspection Service]] and [[United States Customs Service|U.S. Customs]]. The moon rock was offered to the undercover agents for {{US$|5}}&nbsp;million. Journalist [[Christina Reed]] broke that story in Geotimes in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.geotimes.org/sept02/NN_moon.html |publisher=American Geological Institute |work=Geotimes |title=Moon rocks for sale! |author=Christina Reed |date=September 2002 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030518104456/http://www.geotimes.org/sept02/NN_moon.html |archive-date=18 May 2003 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geotimes.org/nov04/trends.html |publisher=[[American Geological Institute]] |work=Geotimes |title= In Search of the Goodwill Moon Rocks: A Personal Account |author=Joseph Richard Gutheinz |author-link=Joseph Richard Gutheinz |date=November 2004}}</ref> Operation Lunar Eclipse and the Moon Rock Project were the subject of the book ''[[The Case of the Missing Moon Rocks]]'' by Joe Kloc.
* In 2021, David Ballantyne Smith, a security guard working at the British Embassy in Berlin was caught passing secret information to Russian authorities. The undercover operation was prompted by a letter he sent in 2020 to a military staff member at the Russian embassy in Berlin. Smith allegedly received money in exchange for secret information; there were unaccounted-for funds including €800 at his home in [[Potsdam]]. One undercover British operative posed as a "walk-in" Russian informant under the alias of Dmitry, when Smith escorted him into the building, after which Smith was seen on CCTV recording the earlier footage of Dmitry. A second undercover operative met him in the street and claimed to be a Russian intelligence officer named "Irina" who had been deployed to play the role of a [[GRU (Russian Federation)|GRU]] officer investigating whether Dmitry had been giving the UK information that had been potentially damaging to Russia. Smith, covertly recorded, told Irina that he needed to speak to "someone" (that someone being Dmitry) first before divulging any information.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-14 |title=British embassy spy snared by Berlin sting, court hears |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-64639138 |access-date=2024-09-17 |publisher=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* Posing as a minor on the internet, luring and catching online predators in the act.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brody|first=Bernard |date=August 13, 2020|title= Not Guilty verdict in federal internet sex sting case: United States v. JWK |url= https://www.bernardbrody.com/case-results/not-guilty-verdict-in-federal-internet-sex-sting-case/ |work=Brody Law Firm|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20240518073607/https://www.bernardbrody.com/case-results/not-guilty-verdict-in-federal-internet-sex-sting-case/|archive-date=May 18, 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{Annotated link |Advance-fee scam}}
* {{Annotated link |ATF fictional sting operations}}
* ''[[The Case of the Missing Moon Rocks]]''
* {{Annotated link |Edison divorce torture plot}}
* {{Annotated link |Entrapment}}
* {{Annotated link |Fence (criminal)}}
* {{Annotated link |Honey trapping}}
* {{Annotated link |Honeypot (computing)}}
* {{Annotated link |Informant}}
* {{Annotated link |List of scholarly publishing stings}}
* [[Mr. Big (police procedure)]]
* [[Murder of Rachel Hoffman]], the execution of a police informant during a sting operation 
* [[Narada Sting Operation]]
* [[Operation Tennessee Waltz]]
* [[Possession of stolen goods]]
*[[John David Roy Atchison]] (1954–2007), Assistant US Attorney and children's sports coach, committed suicide in prison after being arrested in a sting operation and charged with soliciting sex from a 5-year-old girl 
* [[Stephen Joseph Ratkai]], arrested and convicted of [[espionage]] in [[Canada]] after a successful sting operation
* ''[[The Sting]]'' - a 1973 film
* [[Vigilantism in the United States of America]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/21/government-agents-directly-involved-us-terror-plots-report Spencer Ackerman: Government agents 'directly involved in most high-profile US terror plots. Human Rights Watch documents 'sting' operations. Report raises questions about post-9/11 civil rights], [[The Guardian]], 21 July 2014.

{{Espionage}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sting Operation}}
[[Category:Sting operation| ]]
[[Category:Law enforcement techniques]]