Editing Stonehaven

{{short description|Town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland}}
{{About|the town in Scotland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name                    = Stonehaven
| gaelic_name                      =
| scots_name                       = Steenhive
| local_name                       = 
| country                          = Scotland
| population                       = {{Scottish locality population|name|POP=Stonehaven}}
| population_ref                   = ({{Scottish settlement population citation|year}})<ref>{{Scottish settlement population citation}}</ref>
| os_grid_reference                = NO8786
| edinburgh_distance_mi            = 79
| london_distance_mi               = 386
| coordinates                      = {{coord|56.964|-2.211|display=inline,title}}
| post_town                        = STONEHAVEN
| postcode_area                    = AB
| postcode_district                = AB39
| dial_code                        = 01569
| constituency_westminster         = [[West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine (UK Parliament constituency)|West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine]]
| unitary_scotland                 = [[Aberdeenshire]]
| lieutenancy_scotland             = [[Kincardineshire]]
| constituency_scottish_parliament = [[Angus North and Mearns (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Angus North and Mearns]]
| static_image_name                = Stonehaven-Square.jpg
| static_image_caption             = Market Square, Stonehaven
}}

'''Stonehaven''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Stonehaven.ogg|s|t|oʊ|n|ˈ|h|eɪ|v|ən}} {{respell|stohn|HAY|vən}}) is a town on the northeast coast of Scotland, {{convert|15|mi|km|0}} south of [[Aberdeen]]. It had a population of 11,177 at the [https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/webapi/jsf/tableView/tableView.xhtml 2022 Census].<ref name="census2011">{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Data Warehouse Census Data Explorer |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/data-warehouse.html |access-date=10 Feb 2015 |publisher=Scotland's Census 2011 |archive-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604200212/http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/data-warehouse.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Stonehaven was formerly the county town of [[Kincardineshire]], succeeding the now abandoned town of [[Kincardine, Aberdeenshire|Kincardine]]. It is currently administered as part of [[Aberdeenshire]]. The town is known in the local [[Doric Scots|Doric dialect]] as ''Steenhive'' ({{IPAc-en|s|t|i|n|ˈ|h|aɪ|v|audio=Steenhive.ogg}})<ref>{{cite web|title=Steenhive|work=Scottish National Dictionary|publisher=Dictionaries of the Scots Language|access-date=24 November 2024|url=https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/snd00089658}}</ref> and is nicknamed ''Stoney''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cruickshank |first=Simon |date=2019-11-08 |title=There’s more to Stoney than sun, sand and summer {{!}} Ship Inn |url=https://www.shipinnstonehaven.com/theres-more-to-stoney-than-sun-sand-and-summer/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Pre-history and archaeology ==
Stonehaven is the site of prehistoric events evidenced by finds at [[Fetteresso Castle]] and [[Neolithic]] [[pottery]] excavations from the [[Spurryhillock]] area.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Derek Alexander|display-authors=etal|year=1997|title=Excavation of pits containing decorated Neolithic pottery and early lithic material of possible Mesolithic date at Spurryhillock, Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire|url=http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_127/127_017_027.pdf|journal=Proc Soc Antiq Scot|volume=127|pages=17–27|access-date=21 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2004, archaeological work by CFA Archaeology, in advance of the building of the Aberdeen to Lochside Natural Gas Pipeline, found two short [[Cist|cists]] burials containing cremated remains to the southwest of Stonehaven. [[Radiocarbon dating]] put the burials in the first half of the 2nd millennium BC, which was the Early Bronze Age in Scotland. The burials contained [[stone tool]] artifacts and shale/cannel coal beads.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vol 63 (2016): Excavation of two Early Bronze Age Short Cists and a Prehistoric Pit at Lindsayfield, near Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire {{!}} Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports|url=http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/92|access-date=2021-08-28|website=journals.socantscot.org|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828120515/http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/92|url-status=live}}</ref> That same year, researchers at the [[National Museums of Scotland]] and [[Yale University]] announced that a fossil found by an amateur paleontologist the previous year was the earliest known fossil of a land-dwelling animal. The fossil was about 420 million years old.<ref>{{cite web |title=Life on earth began in... Stonehaven |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/life-earth-began-stonehaven-2461239?amp |website=The Scotsman |date=25 January 2004 |publisher=National World Publishing |access-date=26 August 2022}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Stonehaven Town Hall - geograph.org.uk - 950512.jpg|thumb|[[Stonehaven Town Hall]]]]
The town lies at the southern origin of the ancient [[Causey Mounth]] [[trackway]], which was built on high ground to make passable this only available [[medieval]] route from coastal points south of [[Aberdeen]]. This ancient passage specifically connected the [[Bridge of Dee]] to [[Cowie Castle]] via the [[Portlethen Moss]] and the Stonehaven central plaza.<ref>{{Cite book |last=C Michael Hogan |title=The History of Muchalls Castle |publisher=Lumina Technologies Press |year=2005}}</ref> The route was taken by the [[William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal|Earl Marischal]] and [[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose|Marquess of Montrose]] when they led a [[Covenanter]] army of over 9,000 men in the first battle of the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] in 1639.<ref name="Watt">{{Cite book |last=Archibald Watt |title=Highways and Byways Round Stonehaven |publisher=Waverley Press |year=1976}}</ref>
[[File:David Lizars (1754 - 1812) - View of Stonehaven from the South East - ABDAG017336 - Aberdeen City Council (Archives, Gallery and Museums Collection).jpg|thumb|left|View of Stonehaven from the South East]]

The Covenanters were imprisoned in [[Dunnottar Castle]], where many died. A memorial to them can be found in [[Dunnottar Parish Church|Dunnottar Church]]. Other castles in the vicinity are [[Fetteresso Castle]] and [[Muchalls Castle]], both of which are in private ownership and not open to the public. The oldest surviving structure in Stonehaven is the [[Stonehaven Tolbooth]] at the harbour, used as an early prison and now a museum.<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB41655|desc=Old Pier, Old Tolbooth of Stonehaven including Boundary Walls and Gates|cat=A|access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref>

Dunnottar Castle, perched atop a rocky outcrop, was home to the Keith family, and during the [[Scottish Wars of Independence]], the [[Honours of Scotland|Scottish Crown Jewels]] were hidden there. In 1296, King [[Edward I of England]] took the [[castle]] only for [[William Wallace]] to reclaim it in 1297, burning down the [[Church (building)|church]] in the process with the entire English garrison still in it. In 1650, [[Oliver Cromwell]] sacked the castle to find the Crown Jewels following an eight-month siege (having previously destroyed the English Crown Jewels). However, just before the castle fell, the Crown Jewels were smuggled out by some ladies who took them by boat to a small church just down the coast in the village of [[Kinneff]], where they remained undetected for eleven years.

Stonehaven was a [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] town in the [[Jacobite rising of 1715|Fifteen]] and it was a safe base for the retreating Jacobite army to stay overnight on the night of 5–6 February 1716. In the [[Jacobite rising of 1745|Forty-Five]] Stonehaven, part of the [[Scottish Episcopal Church|Episcopalian]] north-east, was again ‘reliably Jacobite’ and it was one of the north-eastern ports where reinforcements, plus money and equipment were periodically landed from France.<ref>C. Duffy, ''The 45'' (2003), p.352.</ref> After 1709, when [[Dunnottar Parish Church]] was taken over by the [[Church of Scotland]] Episcopalian services were held in the tolbooth until a meeting house was built in the High Street in 1738. Following the failure of the Forty-Five, the [[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland|Duke of Cumberland]] ordered the building's demolition. Services were then held in a house on the High Street.<ref name="Episcopal">{{Cite web |title=BrMS 9 Records of St James' Church, Stonehaven |url=http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=8&dsqSearch=%28Level%3D%27Fonds%27%29 |access-date=22 November 2017 |website=Archive Services Online Catalogue |publisher=University of Dundee |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720095600/https://archives.dundee.ac.uk |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stonehaven Town Hall]], which is an events venue in the town, was completed in 1878.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6-A-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA224|title=The British Architect and Northern Engineer|page=224|date=10 May 1878|volume=9|publisher=J.F. Wells for the Proprietors, The British Architect Company|access-date=26 October 2021|archive-date=20 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720095559/https://www.google.com/books/edition/British_Architect/6-A-AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA224&printsec=frontcover|url-status=live}}</ref> 

Near the [[Cowie Bridge]], at the north of Stonehaven, was a fishing village known as [[Cowie, Aberdeenshire|Cowie]], which has now been subsumed into Stonehaven. Somewhat further north are the ruins of [[Cowie Castle]]. Slightly to the west of Stonehaven is the ruined [[Ury House]], originally a property of the [[Clan Fraser|Frasers]].

A [[fossil]] of the oldest known land animal, ''[[Pneumodesmus newmani]]'', a [[species]] of [[millipede]], was found at Stonehaven's Cowie Beach in 2004.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 January 2004 |title=Fossil find 'oldest land animal' |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3427499.stm |access-date=23 December 2012 |archive-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208185248/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3427499.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Stonehaven is Special |url=http://www.stonehavenguide.net/why-stonehaven-is-special.html |access-date=23 December 2012 |publisher=Stonehaven Guide |archive-date=21 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221214602/http://www.stonehavenguide.net/why-stonehaven-is-special.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Stonehaven-aerial.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Stonehaven from the air]]
[[File:Stonehaven Beach.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Stonehaven Beach]]
Stonehaven is 15 miles (24&nbsp;km) south of [[Aberdeen]] sheltered in [[Stonehaven Bay]]. The [[Carron Water, Aberdeenshire|Carron Water]] and [[Cowie Water]] run through the town. Stonehaven lies adjacent to a deeply indented bay surrounded on three sides by higher land between [[Downie Point]] and Garron Point. The harbour, consisting of two basins, was improved in the 1820s by the engineer [[Robert Stevenson (civil engineer)|Robert Stevenson]] (grandfather of the author [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]), and became an important centre of the 19th century [[herring]] trade;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stonehaven |url=http://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townfirst184.html |access-date=23 December 2012 |publisher=Gazetteer for Scotland |archive-date=14 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214025433/http://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townfirst184.html |url-status=live }}</ref>  the harbour is bordered on the north by [[Bellman's Head]] and the south by [[Downie Point]]. At the western edge of Stonehaven west of the [[A90 road]] lies the village of [[Kirktown of Fetteresso|Kirkton of Fetteresso]]. Nearby to the south, [[Fowlsheugh]] is a coastal [[nature reserve]], known for its 230-foot-high cliff formations and habitat supporting prolific seabird nesting colonies.
 
Stonehaven has grown rapidly since the [[Petroleum|oil]] boom in Aberdeen. The increasing demand for new, middle-class housing has seen four new estates being appended to the town, creating an expanse of [[suburb]]s and Stonehaven has been bypassed since 1984.

Parts of Stonehaven near to the Carron Water were prone to [[flooding]] following heavy rain.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 December 2012 |title=Stonehaven's flood-hit homes evacuated |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-20827290 |access-date=23 December 2012 |archive-date=22 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222185328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-20827290 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 November 2009 |title=Heavy rain causes flooding chaos |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/8337149.stm |access-date=23 December 2012 |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720095601/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/8337149.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Aberdeenshire Council]] has completed construction of flood defenses in 2023 that have now been effective at preventing flooding from major storms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stonehaven Flood Protection Scheme - Aberdeenshire Council |url=https://www.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/environment/flooding/stonehaven-fps/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=www.aberdeenshire.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> 

The [[Highland Boundary Fault]] traverses Scotland from the [[Isle of Arran]] and [[Helensburgh]] on the west coast to immediately north of Stonehaven on the east coast.

== Parks and green spaces ==
The largest park is Mineralwell, situated adjacent to the [[Glenury Viaduct]] which carries the [[Dundee–Aberdeen line]]. St Kieran's Well, a grade-C listed public fountain, is situated in the park. It was restored in 1982, though its water supply has since been severed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MINERALWELL PARK, ST KIERAN'S WELL (LB50263)|url=http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB50263|access-date=2021-02-09|website=portal.historicenvironment.scot|archive-date=14 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214170735/http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB50263|url-status=live}}</ref> The park contains one of the largest purpose built radio controlled car circuits in the UK, located at the edge of the park beside the viaduct.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andonova|first=Denny|date=2021-04-13|title=Formula Fun: Plans for new remote control racing car track to bring Stonehaven club back to glory days|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeenshire/3046951/formula-fun-plans-for-new-remote-control-racing-car-track-to-bring-stonehaven-club-back-to-glory-days/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Press and Journal|language=en-US|archive-date=19 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719215838/https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeenshire/3046951/formula-fun-plans-for-new-remote-control-racing-car-track-to-bring-stonehaven-club-back-to-glory-days/}}</ref> The John McRobert Pavilion was opened in the park in 1993 and an [[Artificial turf|artificial turf pitch]] opened in the park in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|title=New £600,000 sports facility opens up in Aberdeenshire town|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeenshire/694953/new-600000-sports-facility-opens-up-in-aberdeenshire-town/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-09|website=Press and Journal|language=en-US|archive-date=13 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213020559/https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeenshire/694953/new-600000-sports-facility-opens-up-in-aberdeenshire-town/}}</ref> The park is home to a [[parkrun]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stonehaven parkrun - Weekly Free 5km Timed Run |url=http://www.parkrun.org.uk/stonehaven/ |access-date=3 September 2016 |publisher=parkrun |archive-date=13 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913094137/http://www.parkrun.org.uk/stonehaven/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, 120 cherry blossom trees were planted as part of the [[Sakura Cherry Tree Project]]. The trees are dedicated to [[Thomas Blake Glover]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Renton|first=Dawn|date=2021-05-28|title=Prime Minister invited to take part in Stonehaven tribute to North East trader|url=https://www.mearnsleader.co.uk/news/people/prime-minister-invited-to-take-part-in-stonehaven-tribute-to-north-east-trader-3251871|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-02|website=Mearns Leader|language=en|archive-date=2 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802151006/https://www.mearnsleader.co.uk/news/people/prime-minister-invited-to-take-part-in-stonehaven-tribute-to-north-east-trader-3251871}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Taylor|first=Lauren|date=2021-12-04|title=Stonehaven youngsters plant cherry blossom trees for Glover project|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeen-aberdeenshire/3725478/stonehaven-youngsters-plant-cherry-blossom-trees-for-glover-project/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-15|website=Press and Journal|language=en-GB|archive-date=15 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215162113/https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeen-aberdeenshire/3725478/stonehaven-youngsters-plant-cherry-blossom-trees-for-glover-project/}}</ref>

Nearby Baird Park occupies an area of four acres and was given to the town by [[Sir Alexander Baird, 1st Baronet|Sir Alexander Baird]] in 1920, though it had been leased to the council for the previous twelve years.<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 April 1920|title=Public Park for Stonehaven|work=[[The Press and Journal (Scotland)|The Press & Journal]]|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000576/19200417/057/0004|access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref>

Stonehaven Recreation Grounds was opened in 1885 and is situated near the beach.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1885-06-04 |title=Opening of Recreation Grounds at Stonehaven |pages=3 |work=Dundee Courier |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000269/18850604/034/0003 |access-date=2022-05-24 }}</ref> It is owned by the council.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2015-04-17|title=Fears Stonehaven Recreation Grounds could pass into private ownership|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeenshire/551840/plans-stonehaven-recreation-grounds-could-pass-into-private-ownership/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Press and Journal|language=en-US|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801231310/https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeenshire/551840/plans-stonehaven-recreation-grounds-could-pass-into-private-ownership/}}</ref> It contains [[tennis court]]s and a [[bowling green]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Telfer|first=Kirsty|date=2021-04-20|title=Sports pavilion in north-east town restored to former glory|url=https://www.eveningexpress.co.uk/fp/news/local/aberdeenshire-sports-pavilion-restored-to-former-glory/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Evening Express|language=en-US|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801231311/https://www.eveningexpress.co.uk/fp/news/local/aberdeenshire-sports-pavilion-restored-to-former-glory/}}</ref>

Dunnottar Woods is a {{convert|32.91|hectare|acre|adj=on}} woodland area managed by the [[Woodland Trust]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritchie |first=Gayle |date=2022-02-02 |title=Dunnottar Woods: Fascinating historic features to be found among the trees |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/outdoors/2907432/dunnottar-house-history-woodlands/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=The Courier |language=en-GB |archive-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203211810/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/outdoors/2907432/dunnottar-house-history-woodlands/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Woods of Dunnottar |url=https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/visiting-woods/woods/woods-of-dunnottar/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=Woodland Trust |language=en-GB |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720095604/https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/visiting-woods/woods/woods-of-dunnottar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Education==
The town has a secondary school, [[Mackie Academy]], which was founded at the site occupied currently by Arduthie School. Mackie takes pupils from a relatively large chunk of southern Aberdeenshire with its catchment zone stretching from [[Johnshaven]] and [[St Cyrus]] (Although the primary school is in the catchment area for Mearns Academy in Laurencekirk) in the south to [[Netherley, Aberdeenshire|Netherley]] in the north and out to [[Drumlithie]] in the west.
The feeder primary schools include: Glenbervie, Inverbervie, Lairhillock, Gourdon, Catterline, Kinneff, Arduthie, Mill’o forest, Dunnottar and Carronhill.

There are three primary schools:
* '''Arduthie School''' is one of the three primary schools in Stonehaven serving a large portion of the north and east of the town as well as the surrounding countryside to the north-west.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catchment map for Arduthie Primary School |url=http://www.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/local/map.asp?type=school_area&id=151085052 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719212636/http://www.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/local/map.asp?type=school_area&id=151085052 |archive-date=19 July 2012 |access-date=23 December 2012 |publisher=Aberdeenshire Council |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* '''Dunnottar School''' was founded in 1889. It is linked to the notable Parish Church and the historic Dunnottar Castle and is located at the edge of the old town. It serves the old town and the majority of the countryside surrounding Stonehaven<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catchment map for Dunnottar Primary School |url=http://www.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/local/map.asp?type=school_area&id=151085507 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730111849/http://www.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/local/map.asp?type=school_area&id=151085507 |archive-date=30 July 2012 |access-date=23 December 2012 |publisher=Aberdeenshire Council |df=dmy-all}}</ref> As part of the Stonehaven flooding in 2009 the school was affected and pupils had to be relocated for a week while work was undertaken. It is currently due to close. 
* '''Mill O' Forest School''', is located in the newer part of Stonehaven and serves the south and parts of the north of the town.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catchment map for Mill O' Forest Primary School |url=http://www.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/local/map.asp?type=school_area&id=151086133 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718090651/http://www.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/local/map.asp?type=school_area&id=151086133 |archive-date=18 July 2012 |access-date=23 December 2012 |publisher=Aberdeenshire Council |df=dmy-all}}</ref> It opened in 1977.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunbar |first=John |date=1976-10-30 |title=Stonehaven schools zone plan to be fixed |pages=22 |work=The Press and Journal |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000578/19761030/308/0022 |access-date=2023-05-18}}</ref>
One [[special education]] school, Carronhill,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Warnock|first=Joanne|date=2017-12-20|title=Special needs school forced to close due to outbreak of virus|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/1379409/special-needs-school-forced-close-due-outbreak-virus/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Press and Journal|language=en-US|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801223615/https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/1379409/special-needs-school-forced-close-due-outbreak-virus/}}</ref> opened in 1975.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1974-10-17|title=County decide not to sell house|work=[[The Press and Journal (Scotland)|The Press and Journal]]|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000578/19741017/769/0027|access-date=2021-08-01}}</ref> It is situated in the newer part of the town near Mill O' Forest Primary School.

==Commerce and culture==
[[File:Stonehavenharbour.jpg|thumb|300px|Stonehaven Harbour]]
Historically the chief commerce of Stonehaven lay in fishing. Led by the [[herring]] fishery, the catch peaked around the year 1894 with a peak catch of about 15 million fish per annum and employment in the fishing industry of 1280 people. Due to overfishing to serve the [[population|expanding regional population]], the fishing industry declined with diminishing catches, such that by 1939 only a remnant of the earlier fishing fleet continued to exist,<ref name="Watt" /> and the catch mostly supported the local population from that point onward. [[Glenury distillery]] was situated near Mineralwell park, and closed in 1985.

[[File:Bar_at_Marine_Hotel,_Stonehaven.jpg|thumb|300px|Bar At The Marine Hotel, Stonehaven Harbour]]
Currently, the town's primary industries are marine services and [[tourism]], with Dunnottar Castle, a local landmark, bringing in a large number of tourists every year. Dunnottar Castle is regularly used in promotional material by the Scottish tourism industry; in addition, it was used in the 1990 film ''[[Hamlet (1990 movie)|Hamlet]]'', and appeared as a featured desktop background in the UK edition of [[Windows 7|Microsoft Windows 7]]. 
Furthermore, Dunnottar Castle was also selected as Merida's home in the [[Disney]] movie, [[Brave (2012 film)|Brave]].
Situated nearby is [[Stonehaven War Memorial]], constructed after [[World War I]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stonehaven and Dunnottar - War Memorials Online|url=https://www.warmemorialsonline.org.uk/memorial/136586|access-date=2021-01-27|website=www.warmemorialsonline.org.uk|language=en|archive-date=7 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207223916/https://www.warmemorialsonline.org.uk/memorial/136586|url-status=live}}</ref> It was unveiled by [[Annie Pearson, Viscountess Cowdray|Viscountess Cowdray]] in 1923.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stonehaven Royal British Legion launches appeal for pipers |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/stonehaven-royal-british-legion-launches-appeal-for-pipers-4054906 |website=Scotsman |access-date=1 April 2023}}</ref> It is visible from much of the town thanks to its prominent position on a hilltop overlooking the bay. Another attractive feature of the town is the long beach facing the [[North Sea]], with large cliffs at either end sheltering small rock pools and inlets. It is also famous for its [[Stonehaven Open Air Pool|Olympic-size outdoor swimming pool]], which is heated and filled with filtered seawater. The local harbour features the [[Stonehaven Tolbooth|Tolbooth]], the town's small museum of local heritage.

[[File:Stonehave fireballs 2003.jpg|thumb|Stonehaven Fireballs Ceremony 2003|left|upright=0.8]]
During [[Hogmanay]] festivities, crowds watch the annual fireballs ceremony in which volunteers walk down the High Street swinging their fireball - a homemade ball of burning waste materials with a chain and handle attached. The Fireball Festival was part of the content of [[STV (TV network)|STV]]'s [[Hogmanay]] coverage. The fireballs are finally thrown into the harbour.<ref name="Stonehaven Fireball Association">{{Cite web |title=What is "The Fireballs Ceremony"? |url=http://www.stonehavenfireballs.co.uk/about |access-date=23 December 2012 |publisher=Stonehaven Fireball Association |archive-date=29 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429153657/http://stonehavenfireballs.co.uk/about |url-status=live }}</ref> It is uncertain when the fireballs began, however, reports covering the event from as early as 1911 exist.<ref>{{Cite news|date=5 January 1911|title=New Year's Day|work=Stonehaven Journal|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001271/19110105/066/0003|access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref> The event has taken place annually, though has been cancelled during the world wars and in 2021 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 December 1945|title=Two Ancient Fire Festivals will Be Revived|work=[[The Press and Journal (Scotland)|The Press & Journal]]|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000578/19451213/058/0004|access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=4 January 1917|title=New Year's Day in Town and County.|work=The Stonehaven Journal|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001271/19170104/057/0002|access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-10-22|title=Stonehaven Fireballs festival cancelled due to Covid|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-54651952|access-date=2021-02-09|archive-date=16 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216120205/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-54651952|url-status=live}}</ref> Stonehaven's long-established pipe band plays at events throughout the year, including the folks festival and fireball ceremony. The band has competed at various levels throughout its illustrious history including several years at the prestigious Grade 1.

Stonehaven also hosts a Folk Festival.

=== Cuisine ===
The town's Haven Fish Bar was the likely origin of the [[deep-fried Mars Bar]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 February 2000 |title=French batter Mars bars menu |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/654750.stm |access-date=23 December 2012 |archive-date=9 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909235709/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/654750.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> a snack now culturally associated with Scotland - and its health record - as a whole. In 2012, the (since renamed) Carron [[fish and chip]] shop sold around 100–150 deep-fried Mars bars per week, with tourists accounting for around 70% of this figure.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 September 2012 |title=Deep-fried Mars bars: A symbol of a nation's diet? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19463119 |access-date=23 December 2012 |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111210026/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19463119 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Carron was awarded No 1 Fish and Chip Shop in Scotland 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17907522.national-fish-chip-awards-scotlands-best-fish-chip-shop/|title=Revealed: Scotland's best fish and chip shop|access-date=1 March 2022|archive-date=1 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301130456/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17907522.national-fish-chip-awards-scotlands-best-fish-chip-shop/|url-status=live}}</ref> Another local fish and chip shop, the Bay, was awarded the number one fish and chip shop in Scotland, at the National fish and Chip awards in 2012 and 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Past winners {{!}} Finalists and winners {{!}} The National Fish and Chip Awards 2016 |url=http://www.fishandchipawards.com/finalists-and-winners/past-winners |access-date=2015-10-20 |website=www.fishandchipawards.com |archive-date=1 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001030315/http://www.fishandchipawards.com/finalists-and-winners/past-winners |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Sports and events===
Every July, Stonehaven holds a [[Highland Games]]. All those competing in the heavy events (which include the Hammer, the Heavy Stone, and [[Tossing the Caber]]) must wear full [[Scottish Highlands|Highland]] dress. Other events include the Stonehaven Folk Festival, regularly attended by famous Glaswegian comedian [[Billy Connolly]]. On the first Saturday in June, the Feein' Market recreates a 19th-century agricultural hiring fair. The RW Thomson Classic Car Rally is an annual celebration of the inventor of the pneumatic tire and attracts an impressive range of vintage and classic cars. There are two harbour festivals each summer. A [[farmers' market]] is now held once a month in the market square, where local food suppliers and producers can sell fresh fruit, vegetables, poultry, and other types of meat.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-11|title=Farmer's Market under threat|url=https://www.stunningstonehaven.com/home/news/read/farmers-market-under-threat_507|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-09|website=Stunning Stonehaven|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210071211/https://www.stunningstonehaven.com/home/news/read/farmers-market-under-threat_507}}</ref>

Stonehaven supports a rugby club - Mackie Academy Former Pupils Rugby Football Club - which plays in the RBS Caledonia Regional League Division 1. They have previously trained on pitches at [[Red Cloak]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gossip|first=Alastair|title=Owners hit back at claims north-east rugby club were evicted from training pitch with two weeks' notice|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeenshire/2054345/owners-hit-back-at-claims-north-east-rugby-club-were-evicted-from-training-pitch-with-two-weeks-notice/|access-date=2021-04-10|website=Press and Journal|language=en-US|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410212315/https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeenshire/2054345/owners-hit-back-at-claims-north-east-rugby-club-were-evicted-from-training-pitch-with-two-weeks-notice/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The town has a [[Scottish Junior Football Association|Junior]] football club - [[Stonehaven F.C.]] - that plays in the [[Scottish Junior Football Association, North Region|North Region]] [[Scottish Junior Football North Premier League]]. Home games are played at Glenury Park, set in Mineralwell Park. There are also three amateur football clubs: AC Mill Inn, Cowie Thistle and Stonehaven Athletic, as well as Stonehaven Youth Football Club, who all play their games in Mineralwell Park. In 2015, a combination of Stonehaven Football Club, Cowie Thistle, Stonehaven Athletic, Stonehaven Youth Football Club and Stonehaven Ladies Football Club created the Stonehaven Community Football Club, which was recognised by the Scottish Football Association with a Quality Mark Community Level Award, and subsequently the Legacy Award in November 2017.

===Local radio===
The Local Community Radio Station ''[[Mearns FM]]'' broadcasts to the town and surrounding area, including [[Inverbervie]] and [[Laurencekirk]]. Staffed completely by volunteers, it is run as a not-for-profit organisation, broadcasting under a community radio license, with a remit to provide locally focused news, events, and programming. Jointly funded by local adverts and local and national grants, ''Mearns FM'' has one of the largest listening areas of any community radio station owing to the Mearns' distributed population.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gary Cruden |date=6 June 2009 |title=Community radio station set to go live |url=http://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/Article.aspx/1250858?UserKey= |access-date=23 December 2012 |publisher=The Press and Journal |archive-date=6 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306040205/http://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/Article.aspx/1250858?UserKey= |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Notable residents==
Stonehaven was the birthplace of [[Robert William Thomson]], inventor of the [[tire|pneumatic tyre]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Forgotten Inventor&nbsp;– Robert William Thomson |url=http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/Scotland-History/RobertWilliamThomson.htm |access-date=23 December 2012 |publisher=Historic-UK.com |archive-date=8 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208144533/http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/Scotland-History/RobertWilliamThomson.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
It is also the birthplace of [[James Murdoch (Scottish Orientalist)|James Murdoch]], a journalist and Orientalist, [[John Reith, 1st Baron Reith|Lord Reith of Stonehaven]], the first Director-General of the [[BBC]], and [[Tom McEwen (politician)|Tom McEwen]], a Canadian communist politician and trade union organiser.

John Ellis, an architect who was born and lived here, was responsible for many local buildings including the War Memorial.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 August 1929|title=Death of Stonehaven architect|page=5|work=Dundee Courier|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000564/19290820/079/0005|access-date=14 April 2021}}</ref> [[George Thomson Chapman]] (1824–1881), a New Zealand publisher, was born in Stonehaven.

[[Ury House]], Stonehaven, is the [[ancestral seat]] of the [[Viscount Stonehaven|Viscounts Stonehaven]]. It was built by [[Sir Alexander Baird, 1st Baronet]] in 1885.

The novelist [[Lewis Grassic Gibbon]] (James Leslie Mitchell) attended school at what was the old [[Mackie Academy]] (now Arduthie Primary).

Famous historical visitors include [[William Wallace]] and [[Mary, Queen of Scots]]. Poet [[Robert Burns]] met friends in Stonehaven in 1787.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Burness, James (1750-1837)|url=http://www.robertburns.org/encyclopedia/BurnessJames1750-1837.144.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-14|website=The Burns Encyclopedia|archive-date=14 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714224041/http://www.robertburns.org/encyclopedia/BurnessJames1750-1837.144.shtml}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[File:Stonehaven railway station 2021 03.jpg|thumb|Stonehaven railway station]]
The town has been served by [[Stonehaven railway station]] on the [[Dundee–Aberdeen line]] since 1849. Initially located outside the town, Stonehaven has since grown and has absorbed the station. The [[A90 road]] bypasses the town, and meets the [[A92 road|A92]] here. The town has a local service and is also on the [[X7 Coastrider]] route between [[Aberdeen]] and [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Porter |first=David |date=2023-05-16 |title=Stagecoach cut Buchan bus services after Council cash budget is slashed |url=https://www.grampianonline.co.uk/news/stagecoach-cut-buchan-bus-services-after-council-cash-budget-313868/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Grampian Online}}</ref> A locally run [[Trackless train|Land Train]] runs from the town square to the outdoor pool, Dunnottar Castle and the harbour.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Land Train times/fares |url=https://www.mearnsleader.co.uk/whats-on/land-train-times-fares-1-4499628 |access-date=2019-06-27 |website=www.mearnsleader.co.uk |language=en |archive-date=27 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627161505/https://www.mearnsleader.co.uk/whats-on/land-train-times-fares-1-4499628 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Public services ==
[[Woodcot Hospital]] operated from 1867 to 1998. [[Kincardine Community Hospital]] continues to operate today. On 11 June 2013, it was decided by the Justice Committee that [[Stonehaven Sheriff Court]] would be closed. This was despite a petition attracting nearly 300 signatures and disagreement from the local community.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of an era for Stonehaven court|url=http://www.mearnsleader.co.uk/news/local-headlines/end-of-an-era-for-stonehaven-court-1-2965107|access-date=25 July 2013|publisher=Mearns Leader|archive-date=12 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512220255/http://www.mearnsleader.co.uk/news/local-headlines/end-of-an-era-for-stonehaven-court-1-2965107|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lifeboats were provided by the local charity [[Maritime Rescue Institute]] until its closure in 2013. A [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]] station was subsequently established.

Stonehaven Leisure Centre was opened in 1985 following an investment of £650,000 and contains sports halls and a 25 metre swimming pool.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1985-05-30 |title=Open for business... and pleasure |pages=3 |work=The Press and Journal |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000578/19850530/462/0026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===External links===
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WEIkQo5J6A Video of Robert Burns Sites in the Stonehaven Area]
{{Kincardine and Mearns, Aberdeenshire places|state=uncollapsed}}
{{Aberdeenshire places|state=collapsed}}
{{portal bar|Geography|Scotland}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Stonehaven| ]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of Scotland]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea]]
[[Category:Former county towns in Scotland]]
[[Category:Highland Boundary Fault]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Scotland]]
[[Category:Fishing communities in Scotland]]