Editing Sublime Porte

{{Short description|Synecdoche for the central government of the Ottoman Empire}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2023}}
The '''Sublime Porte''', also known as the '''Ottoman Porte''' or '''High Porte''' ({{langx|ota|باب عالی|Bâb-ı Âlî}} or ''Babıali''; {{IPA|tr|baːbɯˈaːliː}}), was a [[synecdoche]] or [[metaphor]] used to refer collectively to the [[central government]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in [[Istanbul]]. It particularly referred to the building which housed the office of the [[List of Ottoman grand viziers|Grand Vizier]], [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ottoman Empire)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], [[Ministry of the Interior (Ottoman Empire)|Ministry of the Interior]], and the [[Supreme Council of Judicial Ordinances]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Davison |first=Roderic |title=Reform in the Ottoman Empire, 1856–1876 |date= |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1963 |pages=35}}</ref> Today it houses the [[Istanbul Governor's Office|office of the Istanbul governerate]].

==History==
[[Image:Imperial Gate Topkapi Istanbul 2007 002.jpg|thumb|200px|The Imperial Gate (''Bâb-ı Hümâyûn''), leading to the outermost courtyard of [[Topkapi Palace]], was known as the Sublime Porte until the 18th century.]]
The name has its origins in the old practice in which the ruler announced his official decisions and judgements at the gate of his palace.<ref name=Porten>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = [[Nordisk familjebok]] | edition = Uggleupplagan | volume = 21 (Papua–Posselt) | pages = 1418–1419 | title = Porten | publisher = Nordisk Familjeboks förslag aktiebolag | location = Stockholm | language = Swedish | year = 1915 | url = https://runeberg.org/nfca/0769.html}}</ref> This was the practice in the [[Byzantine Empire]] and it was also adopted  by [[Ottoman Turks|Ottoman]] Turk sultans since [[Orhan I]]. The palace of the sultan, or the gate leading to it, therefore became known as the "High Gate". This name referred first to a palace in [[Bursa]], Turkey. After the Ottomans had conquered [[Constantinople]], now [[Istanbul]], the gate now known as the Imperial Gate ({{langx|tr|Bâb-ı Hümâyûn}}), leading to the outermost courtyard of the [[Topkapı Palace]], first became known as the "High Gate", or the "Sublime Porte".<ref name=Porten /><ref name=Mondo>{{cite book | first = Ayla | last = Albayrak | title = Istanbul | series = Mondo matkaopas | page = 81 | publisher = Image | year = 2009 | language = Finnish | ISBN = 978-952-5678-15-4}}</ref>

When Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] sealed [[Franco-Ottoman alliance|an alliance]] with King [[Francis I of France]] in 1536, the French diplomats walked through the monumental gate then known as ''Bâb-ı Âlî'' (now ''Bâb-ı Hümâyûn'') in order to reach the Vizierate of Constantinople, seat of the Sultan's government.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} French being the language of diplomacy, the French translation ''Sublime Porte'' was soon adopted in most other European languages, including English, to refer not only to the actual gate but as a metonymy for the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sublime Porte - [Sublime Porte, Istanbul] |url=https://gettysburg.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15059coll1/id/13/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Musselman Library Special Collection and College Archives |publisher=[[Gettysburg College]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=July 2023}}[[File:1913 Ottoman coup d'état.png|thumb|200px|Crowd gathering in front of the Porte's buildings shortly after hearing about the [[1913 Ottoman coup d'état]] (also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte) inside.]]

In the 18th century, a new great Italian-styled office building was built just west of [[Topkapı Palace]] area, on the other side of Alemdar Caddesi (Alemdar street). This became the location of the [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire|Grand Vizier]] and many ministries. Thereafter, this building, and the monumental gate leading to its courtyards, became known as the Sublime Porte (''Bâb-ı Âlî'');<ref name="Eyewitness">{{cite book | first = Rosie | last = Aysliffe | title = Istanbul | series = DK Eyewitness Travel | page = 63 | publisher = Dorling Kindersley | location = Lontoo | year = 2014 | isbn = 978-1-4093-2925-1}}</ref> colloquially it was also known as the Gate of the [[Pasha]] (''paşa kapusu'').<ref name="Porten" /><ref name="TSK">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = [[Tietosanakirja]] | volume = 4 (Kaivo–Kulttuurikieli) | title = Konstantinopoli | pages = 1295 | publisher = Otava | location = Helsinki | year = 1912 | language = Finnish | url = https://runeberg.org/tieto/4/0684.html}}</ref> The building was rebuilt following a fire in 1839,<ref name=":0" /> and badly damaged by another fire in 1911.<ref name="TSK" /> Today, the buildings house the [[Istanbul Governor's Office]].<ref name="Eyewitness" />

==Diplomacy==
"Sublime Porte" was used in the context of [[diplomacy]] by [[Western world|Western]] states, as their diplomats were received at the ''porte'' (meaning "gate"). During the [[Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)|Second Constitutional Era]] of the Empire after 1908 (see [[Young Turk Revolution]]), the functions of the classical [[Divan-ı Hümayun]] were replaced by the reformed [[Imperial Government of the Ottoman Empire|Imperial Government]], and "porte" came to refer to the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ottoman Empire)|Foreign Ministry]]. During this period, the office of the [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire|Grand Vizier]] came to refer to the equivalent to that of a [[prime minister]], and viziers became members of the Grand Vizier's [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] as [[Minister (government)|government ministers]].{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

==See also==
* [[Bab (disambiguation)]]
* [[1913 Ottoman coup d'état|Raid on the Sublime Porte]]
* [[Court of St James's]], another synecdochic term, for the United Kingdom in diplomatic relations
* [[Kremlin]], synecdochic term for the Russian government

==References==
<references />

{{commons category|Sublime Porte}}
{{Istanbul}}
{{Organisation of the Ottoman Empire}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|41|0|40|N|28|58|41|E|type:landmark_region:TR|display=title}}

[[Category:Gates]]
[[Category:Government of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1910s fires in Europe]]
[[Category:1911 fires]]
[[Category:History of Istanbul]]