Editing Substance intoxication

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'''Substance intoxication''' is a transient [[Medical state|condition]] of [[altered consciousness|altered]] [[consciousness#Medical aspects|consciousness]] and [[Human behavior|behavior]] associated with recent use of a [[Drug|substance]].<ref name="FirstTasman2009">{{cite book|author1=Michael B. First|author2=Allan Tasman|title=Clinical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jyXxmyysU7gC&pg=PA146|access-date=27 April 2010|date=2 October 2009|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-0-470-74520-5|pages=146–}}</ref> It is often [[maladaptive]] and [[wikt:impair|impairing]], but reversible.<ref name="FirstFrances2004">{{cite book|author1=Michael B. First|author2=Allen Frances|author3=Harold Alan Pincus|title=DSM-IV-TR guidebook|url=https://archive.org/details/dsmivtrguidebook0000firs|url-access=registration|access-date=27 April 2010|year=2004|publisher=American Psychiatric Pub|isbn=978-1-58562-068-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dsmivtrguidebook0000firs/page/135 135]–}}</ref> If the symptoms are severe, the term "substance intoxication [[delirium]]" may be used.<ref name="ReidWise1995">{{cite book|author1=William H. Reid|author2=Michael G. Wise|title=DSM-IV training guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PgzBZWzo6QMC&pg=PA80|access-date=27 April 2010|date=26 August 1995|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-87630-768-7|pages=80–}}</ref> [[Slang term]]s for the state include: '''getting ''high''''' (generic), and being '''''stoned''''', '''''cooked''''', or '''''fried''''' (usually in reference to [[cannabis]]).<ref name=":1" />

Substance intoxication may often accompany a [[substance use disorder]] (SUD); if persistent substance-related problems exist, SUD is the preferred diagnosis.<ref name="WHO">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/acute_intox/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040704055527/http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/acute_intox/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 4, 2004 |title=Acute intoxication |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=2020-01-31}}</ref>

The term "intoxication" in common use most often refers to alcohol intoxication, or drug addiction usually opioids consisting of an overdose; resulting in death.

==Classification==
The [[ICD-10]]  ''Mental and Behavioural Disorders due to psychoactive substance use'' shows:<ref>Drs; {{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf |title= The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines |first1=Norman|last1= Sartorius|author-link=Norman Sartorius|last2=  Henderson|first2=A.S.|last3= Strotzka|first3=H.|last4= Lipowski|first4=Z. |last5= Yu-cun|first5=Shen|last6=You-xin|first6=Xu |last7=Strömgren|first7=E. |last8= Glatzel|first8=J. |last9= Kühne|first9=G.-E.|last10= Misès|first10=R.|last11=Soldatos|first11=C.R. |last12= Pull|first12=C.B.|last13= Giel|first13=R.|last14= Jegede|first14=R.|last15=Malt|first15=U. |last16= Nadzharov|first16=R.A.|last17=  Smulevitch|first17=A.B.|last18= Hagberg|first18=B.|last19=  Perris|first19=C.|last20= Scharfetter|first20=C. |last21= Clare|first21=A. |last22= Cooper|first22=J.E. |last23= Corbett|first23=J.A. |last24=Griffith Edwards |first24=J. |last25= Gelder|first25=M.|last26= Goldberg|first26=D.|last27= Gossop|first27=M.|last28= Graham|first28=P.|last29=Kendell|first29=R.E. |last30= Marks|first30=I.|last31= Russell|first31=G.|last32= Rutter|first32=M.|last33=  Shepherd|first33=M.|last34=  West |first34=D.J.|last35= Wing |first35=J. |last36= Wing|first36=L.|last37= Neki|first37=J.S. |last38= Benson|first38=F.|last39= Cantwell|first39=D. |last40=Guze|first40=S. |last41= Helzer|first41=J.|last42=  Holzman|first42=P.|last43=  Kleinman|first43=A.|last44=Kupfer|first44=D.J.|last45= Mezzich|first45=J. |last46= Spitzer|first46=R. |last47=Lokar |first47=J. |website=www.who.int [[World Health Organization]] |publisher=[[Microsoft Word]]  |agency=bluebook.doc |pages=65–76 |access-date=24 June 2021 |via=[[Microsoft Bing]]}}</ref>
* F10. [[alcohol intoxication|alcohol]]
* F11. [[Opioid#Adverse effects|opioids]]
* F12. [[Effects of cannabis#Short-term effects|cannabinoids]]
* F13. [[sedatives]] and [[hypnotics]]
* F14. [[cocaine intoxication|cocaine]]
* F15. [[caffeine intoxication|caffeine]]
* F16. [[hallucinogens]]
* F17. [[Health effects of tobacco|tobacco]]
* F18. [[Solvent#Acute exposure|volatile solvent]]
* F19. multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances

===Caffeine===
The discussion over whether the [[coffee]] (caffeine) "buzz" counted as intoxication or not was hotly debated during the early to mid 16th century.<ref>{{cite book|last= Brown|first= Daniel W.|title= A new introduction to Islam|publisher= Wiley-Blackwell|location= Chichester, West Sussex|year= 2004|pages= [https://archive.org/details/newintroductiont0000brow/page/149 149–51]|isbn= 978-1-4051-5807-7|url= https://archive.org/details/newintroductiont0000brow/page/149}}</ref>

=== Contact high ===
{{Main|Contact high}}
[[Contact high]] is a phenomenon that occurs in otherwise [[sobriety|sober]] [[human|people]] who experience a drug-like effect just by coming into contact with someone who is under the influence of a [[psychoactive drug]]. In a similar way to the [[placebo|''placebo effect'']], a contact high may be caused by [[classical conditioning]] as well as by the physical and social
setting.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.124.11.1600-b|doi = 10.1176/ajp.124.11.1600-b|title = Dr. Bozzetti Replies|year = 1968|last1 = Bozzetti|first1 = L.|journal = American Journal of Psychiatry|volume = 124|issue = 11|url-access = subscription}}</ref><ref name="Olson 2020">{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05464-5|doi=10.1007/s00213-020-05464-5|title=Tripping on nothing: Placebo psychedelics and contextual factors|year=2020|last1=Olson|first1=Jay A.|last2=Suissa-Rocheleau|first2=Léah|last3=Lifshitz|first3=Michael|last4=Raz|first4=Amir|last5=Veissière|first5=Samuel P. L.|journal=Psychopharmacology|volume=237|issue=5|pages=1371–1382|pmid=32144438|s2cid=212577549|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

The term is often incorrectly used to describe the [[Cannabis smoking|high]] obtained from [[Passive smoking|passive inhalation]] of [[marijuana]].<ref name="Olson 2020" /><ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Vocabulary of the Drug User and Alcoholic: A Glossary|journal=[[International Journal of the Addictions]]|url=https://doi.org/10.3109/10826087109057793|last=Keup|first=Wolfram|date=Jan 1971|volume=6|issue=2|pages=353|doi=10.3109/10826087109057793|pmid=4950517|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Slang terms==
{{Main|argot|Drug culture}}
[[Slang term]]s include: getting ''high'' (generic), being ''stoned'', ''cooked'', or ''blazed'' (usually in reference to cannabis),<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |url=https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?cluster=2831786369993753984&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5|author=Johnson BD, Bardhi F, Sifaneck SJ, Dunlap E |title=Marijuana Argot As Subculture Threads |year=2005 |journal=[[British Journal of Criminology]] |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=46–77 |doi=10.1093/bjc/azi053|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and many more specific slang terms for particular intoxicants. [[Alcohol (drug)|Alcohol]] intoxication is graded in intensity from ''buzzed'', to ''tipsy'' then ''drunk'' all the way up to ''hammered'', ''plastered'', ''smashed'', ''wasted'', ''destroyed'', ''shitfaced'' and a number of other terms. The term ''rolling'' is a common word used to describe being under the influence of [[MDMA]] and for [[LSD]] the phrases ''frying'' or ''tripping'' have been used. "Tripping" is a term that is considered applicable to virtually all [[hallucinogens]] which includes [[psychedelics]], [[dissociatives]], [[deliriants]] and possibly certain types of [[hypnotics]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

==See also==
* "The [[spins]]", a state of dizziness and disorientation due to intoxication
* [[Toxicity]]
* [[Toxidrome]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
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{{Psychoactive substance use}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Substance intoxication| ]]
[[Category:Substance-related disorders]]
[[Category:Delirium]]