Editing Sulci

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{{About|the city|the plural of ''sulcus''|Sulcus (disambiguation)}}

'''Sulci''' or Sulki (in Greek {{lang|grc|Σολκοί}}, [[Stephanus of Byzantium|Steph. B.]], [[Ptolemy|Ptol.]]; {{lang|grc|Σοῦλχοι}}, [[Strabo]]; {{lang|grc|Σύλκοι}}, [[Pausanias (geographer)|Paus.]]), was one of the most considerable cities of ancient [[Sardinia]], situated in the southwest corner of the island, on a small island, now called [[Sant'Antioco|Isola di Sant'Antioco]], which is, however, joined to the mainland by a narrow [[isthmus]] or neck of sand. South of this isthmus, between the island and the mainland, is an extensive bay, now called the [[Golfo di Palmas]], which was known in ancient times as the ''Sulcitanus Portus'' (Ptol.).

==Origins==
[[File:Sulky arcaica.jpg|thumb|Hypothetical reconstruction of Sulci during the Early Phoenician period]] 
[[File:Leone (Sulcis).jpg|thumb|Lion statues]]
The foundation of Sulci ([[Punic language|Punic]]:{{nbsp}}{{sc|slky}})<ref>{{citation |last=Bernardini |first=Paolo |contribution=Sulky/Sulcis |title=Der Neue Pauly |volume=Supplement II, Band 10 |date=2015 |location=Stuttgart |publisher=J.B. Metzlersche }}. {{in lang|de}}</ref> is expressly attributed to the [[Carthaginians]] (Paus. x. 17. § 9; [[Claudian]], ''B. Gild.'' 518), and it seems to have become under that people one of the most considerable cities of Sardinia, and one of the chief seats of their power in the island. However, as noted by archaeologists the city was founded by Tyrians during the late 9th century BCE, and most of the inhabitants were probably native Sardinians, it remained independent until Carthage conquered it in the late 6th century BCE<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comune.santantioco.ca.it/cms/la-storia/sulky-fenicia-e-punica.html |title=Sulky Fenicia e Punica Sulky Fenicia e Punica, punici e fenici a sant'antioco |language=it  |trans-title=Sulky Phoenician and Punica, Punic and Phoenician in sant'antioco |website=www.comune.santantioco.ca.it |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927162308/http://www.comune.santantioco.ca.it:80/cms/la-storia/sulky-fenicia-e-punica.html |archive-date=27 September 2018}}</ref> Its name was first mentioned in history during the [[First Punic War]], when the Carthaginian general, [[Hannibal Gisco]], having been defeated in a sea-fight (the [[Battle of Sulci]], 258 BCE) by [[Gaius Sulpicius Paterculus]], took refuge at Sulci, but was slain in a tumult by his own soldiers ([[Joannes Zonaras|Zonaras]] viii. 12).

==Caesar's civil war==
[[File:DRUSO MINORE DA SULCIS 2.jpg|thumb|[[Drusus Julius Caesar]] statue from Sulci, [[Museo archeologico nazionale (Cagliari)|National Archeological Museum of Cagliari]]]]
No other mention of the name occurs in history until the [[Caesar's civil war|civil war]] between [[Pompey]] and [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]]. The citizens of Sulci received in their port the fleet of [[Nasidius]], the admiral of Pompey, and furnished Pompey with supplies; for which service they were severely punished by Caesar, on his return from [[Africa]], 46 BCE. Caesar imposed on the city a contribution of 100,000 [[Sestertius|sesterces]], besides heavily increasing its annual tribute of corn (Hirt. ''B. Aft.'' 98). Notwithstanding this infliction, Sulci seems to have continued under the [[Roman Empire]] to be one of the most flourishing towns in the island. Strabo and [[Pomponius Mela|Mela]] both mention it as if it were the second city in Sardinia; and its municipal rank is attested by inscriptions, as well as by [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]]. (Strab. v. p.&nbsp;225; Mel. ii. 7. § 19; Plin. iii. 7. s. 13; Ptol. iii. 3. § 3; Inset. ''ap'' De la Marmora, vol. ii. pp.&nbsp;479, 482.) The [[Antonine Itinerary|Itineraries]] give a line of road proceeding from [[Tibula]] (at the extreme north of Sardinia) direct to Sulci, a sufficient proof of the importance of the latter place. (Itin. Ant. pp.&nbsp;83, 84.) It was also one of the four chief [[episcopal see]]s into which Sardinia was divided, and seems to have continued to be inhabited through a great part of the Middle Ages, but ceased to exist before the 13th century.

==Present day==
[[File:Tofet di Sant'Antioco.JPG|thumb|[[Tophet]]]]
The remains of the ancient city are distinctly seen a little to the north of the modern town of [[Sant'Antioco]], on the island or peninsula of the same name: and the works of art which have been found there bear testimony to its flourishing condition under the Romans. (De la Marmora, vol. ii. p.&nbsp;357; Smyth's ''Sardinia'', p.&nbsp;317.) The name of Sulcis is given at the present day to the whole district of the mainland, immediately opposite to Sant'Antioco, which is one of the most fertile and best cultivated tracts in the whole of Sardinia. The [[Sulcitani]] of Ptolemy (iii. 3. § 6) are evidently the inhabitants of this district.

The Itineraries mention a town or village of the name of Sulci on the E. coast of Sardinia, which must not be confounded with the more celebrated city of the name. (Itin. Ant. p.&nbsp;80.) It was probably situated at [[Girasole]] (De la Marmora, p.&nbsp;443) or [[Tortolì]].<ref>{{Barrington|48}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Sulcis]]
*[[Sulcis Mountains]]
*[[Sulcis-Iglesiente]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
*{{SmithDGRG}}

{{phoenician colonies}}

[[Category:Phoenician colonies in Sardinia]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Sardinia]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Sardinia]]