Editing Surigaonon language

{{Short description|Austronesian language of the Philippines}}
{{use mdy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Surigaonon
|altname=''Tandaganon'', Surigao, Surigawnon
|map=Surigaonon language map.png
|mapcaption=Area where Surigaonon is spoken according to Ethnologue
|states=[[Philippines]]
|region=[[Surigao del Norte]], most parts of [[Surigao del Sur]], and some portion of [[Dinagat Islands]], [[Agusan del Norte]], [[Agusan del Sur]] and [[Davao Oriental]]
|ethnicity=[[Surigaonon people|Surigaonon]]
|speakers=500,000
|date=2009 {{Update span|date=July 2023}}
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2 = [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]
|fam3 = [[Philippine languages|Philippine]]
|fam4 = [[Greater Central Philippine languages|Greater Central Philippine]]
|fam5 = [[Central Philippine languages|Central Philippine]]
|fam6 = [[Bisayan languages|Bisayan]]
|fam7 = Southern Bisayan
|minority=[[Regional language]] in the [[Philippines]]
|agency=[[Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]]
|lc1=sgd|ld1=Surigaonon
|lc2=tgn|ld2=Tandaganon
|glotto=suri1274
|glottorefname=Surigao
}}

'''Surigaonon''' ({{langx|fil|Surigawnon}}) is an [[Austronesian language]] spoken by [[Surigaonon people]]. As a [[Languages of the Philippines|regional Philippine language]], it is spoken in the province of [[Surigao del Norte]], [[Dinagat Islands]], [[Surigao del Sur]], and some portions of [[Agusan del Norte]], especially the towns near [[Lake Mainit]], [[Agusan del Sur]] and [[Davao Oriental]]. The language, along with [[Butuanon language|Butuanon]] and [[Tausug language|Tausug]], are the only [[Bisayan languages|Visayan languages]] geographically native to [[Mindanao]].

==External relationships==
Surigaonon refers to the people and the language of the people of Surigao del Sur and del Norte. It is composed of ethnic languages of Surigao the mix version of Surigao's ethnic language and Cebuano.{{sfnp|Lobel|2013}}{{sfnp|Zorc|1977}} It has been heavily influenced by [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] due to the influx of many [[Cebuanos]] in the region. However, most [[Cebuano people|Cebuano]] speakers can hardly understand [[Surigaonon people|Surigaonon]] speakers, except for [[Cebuanos]] who have been living in the region for years.

Surigaonon is very closely related to the [[Tausug language]] of [[Sulu]] and the [[Butuanon language]] of [[Butuan]].

==Varieties==
===Tandaganon===
Tandaganon<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Bill |website=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority |date=August 25, 2009 |title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3 |url=http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/cr_files/2009-087_tgn.pdf |id=request number 2009-087 |access-date=August 5, 2024}}</ref> (also called Tinandag, Naturalis, Tagon-on) is a closely related variety spoken in [[Tandag]] and central [[Surigao del Sur]] municipalities of [[San Miguel, Surigao del Sur|San Miguel]], [[Tago, Surigao del Sur|Tago]], [[Bayabas, Surigao del Sur|Bayabas]], [[Cagwait]], [[Marihatag]], [[San Agustin, Surigao del Sur|San Agustin]], and most of [[Lianga]]. It can be classified as a separate language or alternatively as a southern variety of Surigaonon. There are about 100,000 speakers.

===Surigaonon===

Surigaonon (also called Jaun-Jaun, Waya-Waya) itself on the other hand is the northern ([[Surigao del Norte]]) variety, with about 400,000 speakers. Surigaonon speakers are distributed throughout [[Surigao del Norte]], northern [[Surigao del Sur]], and northern [[Agusan del Norte]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surigaonon |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sgd/19 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref> Surigaonon and Tandaganon speakers can understand each other well, even if they use their own languages in conversation (similar to the mutual intelligibility between the [[Boholano dialect]] and the [[Cebuano language|general Cebuano dialect]]).

Together, Surigaonon and Tandaganon are spoken in [[Surigao del Norte]] and most parts of [[Surigao del Sur]], except in the City of [[Bislig]], municipalities of [[Barobo]], [[Hinatuan]], [[Lingig]], and [[Tagbina]]. In the non-Surigaonon-speaking areas of Surigao, most of the inhabitants are descended from [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]]-speaking migrants, and the rest are natives who speak [[Kamayo language|Kamayo]], a [[Mansakan languages|Mansakan]] language.

==Phonology==
According to Dumanig (2015),<ref name="Dumanig2015">{{Cite journal |last=Dumanig |first=Francisco Perlas |date=2015 |title=Descriptive Analysis of the Surigaonon Language |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277565140 |journal=Polyglossia |language=en |volume=27 |pages=1–10|doi=10.34382/00011430 |hdl=10367/6111 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Surigaonon has a similar phonological inventory as its sister [[Bisayan languages]], [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] and [[Boholano language|Boholano]].

===Vowels===
Below is the vowel system of Surigaonon.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Surigaonon vowels<ref name="Dumanig2015"/>
|- style="text-align:center;"
! 
! Front
! Central
! Back
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Close
| {{IPA link|i}} 
|
| {{IPA link|u}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Open
|
| {{IPA link|a}}
| 
|}

===Consonants===
Below is a chart of Surigaonon consonants.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Surigaonon consonants<ref name="Dumanig2015"/>
|-
!colspan=2|
![[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
|align="center"|{{IPA link|m}}
|align="center"|{{IPA link|n}}
|
|align="center"|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
!rowspan=2 | [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" | Voiceless
|align="center"|{{IPA link|p}}
|align="center"|{{IPA link|t}}
|
|align="center"|{{IPA link|k}}
|align="center"|{{IPA link|ʔ}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |Voiced
|align="center"|{{IPA link|b}}
|align="center"|{{IPA link|d}}
|
|align="center"|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|align="center"|{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
|
|
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|
|align="center"|{{IPA link|s}}
|
|
|align="center"|{{IPA link|h}}
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Flap consonant|Flap]]
|
|align="center"|{{IPA link|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
|
|align="center"|{{IPA link|l}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|align="center"|{{IPA link|w}}
|
|align="center"|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|}

Note: {{IPA|[j]}} is spelled ''y'', {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}} is spelled ''j'' and {{IPA|[ŋ]}} is spelled ''ng''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Lobel |first=Jason William |title=Philippine and North Bornean Languages: Issues in Description, Subgrouping, and Reconstruction |date=2013 |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa |url=http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/graduate/Dissertations/JasonLobelFinal.pdf }} 
* {{Cite book |last=Rubrico |first=J. G. |title=Magbinisaya Kita: Cebuano Primer I |publisher=IJR Links and Consultant |date=1999 |location=Quezon City}}
* {{Cite book |last=Zorc |first=David Paul R. |url=https://zorc.net/publications/019=Bisayan_Zorc1977.pdf |title=The Bisayan Dialects of the Philippines: Subgrouping and Reconstruction |date=1977 |publisher=The Australian National University |isbn=0-85883-157-0 |series=Pacific Linguistics Series C - No. 44 |location=Canberra}}
{{refend}}

{{Visayan languages}}
{{Philippine languages}}
{{Languages of the Philippines}}

[[Category:Visayan languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Surigao del Norte]]
[[Category:Languages of Surigao del Sur]]
[[Category:Languages of Dinagat Islands]]
[[Category:Languages of Agusan del Norte]]
[[Category:Languages of Agusan del Sur]]
[[Category:Languages of Davao Oriental]]