Editing Svir

{{short description|River in Leningrad Oblast, Russia}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox river
| name              = Svir
| image             = Svir.jpg
| image_caption     = Banks of the Svir
| mapframe          = yes
| mapframe-zoom     = 6
| source1_location  = [[Lake Onega]]
| mouth              = [[Lake Ladoga]]
| mouth_location     = 
| mouth_coordinates  = {{coord|60|30|33|N|32|47|55|E|region:RU_type:landmark_source:kolossus-etwiki|display=it}}
| progression        = {{RLake Ladoga}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Russia]]
| length            = {{convert|224|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="GSE">{{cite book|title=Свирь|url=http://slovari.yandex.ru/свирь/БСЭ/Свирь/|publisher=Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}</ref>
| source1_elevation = {{convert|32|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg    = {{convert|790|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="GSE"/>
| basin_size        = {{convert|84400|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="GSE"/>
| extra             = 
}}
[[File:Svir-Onezhskoe ozero.png|thumb|295px|The catchment area of River Svir and its main tributaries]]

The '''Svir''' ({{Langx|ru|Свирь}}; {{Langx|vep|Süvär'}}; [[Karelian language|Karelian]] and [[Finnish language|Finnish]]: {{lang|krl|Syväri}}) is a river in [[Podporozhsky District|Podporozhsky]], [[Lodeynopolsky District|Lodeynopolsky]], and [[Volkhovsky District|Volkhovsky]] districts in the north-east of [[Leningrad Oblast]], [[Russia]]. It flows westwards from [[Lake Onega]]  to [[Lake Ladoga]], thus connecting the two largest lakes of [[Europe]]. It is the largest river flowing into Lake Ladoga. The length of the Svir is {{convert|224|km|mi}}, whereas the area of its [[drainage basin]] is {{convert|84400|km2|mi2}}. The towns of [[Podporozhye, Leningrad Oblast|Podporozhye]] and [[Lodeynoye Pole]], as well as urban-type settlements [[Voznesenye]], [[Nikolsky, Leningrad Oblast|Nikolsky]], [[Vazhiny]], and [[Svirstroy]] are located at the banks of the Svir.

After [[Peter the Great]] connected the Svir with the [[Neva]] by the [[Ladoga Canal]] in the 18th century, the river has been part of the Mariinsk Canal System, currently the [[Volga–Baltic Waterway]]. The [[Onega Canal]] is a bypass of Lake Onega from the south, which connects the Svir with the [[Vytegra (river)|Vytegra]]. The Svir is heavily used for navigation, with both cargo traffic and cruise ships. There are two [[dam]]s with [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] [[power plant]]s on the river. The [[Lower Svir Hydroelectric Station]], in Svirstroy, sits {{convert|81|km|mi}} from the river's mouth while the [[Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station]], located in Podporozhye, is {{convert|128|km|mi}} away.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Dr. Sergey Titov |author2=Dr. Dmitry Sendek |author3=Dr. Igor Schurov|title=Land-locked Salmon in the Ladoga and Onego basins|url=http://www.ccb.se/documents/LadogaOnegofinal2.pdf|publisher=Baltic Fund for Nature|access-date=16 December 2010|location=[[St. Petersburg]], [[Russia]]|year=2008}}</ref> Above the Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station, the Svir is built as the [[Ivinsky Razliv Reservoir]]. Locks are built around both dams.

Since the Svir flows out of Lake Onega, its drainage basin occupies a vast area, spanning the south of the [[Republic of Karelia]], the north and the east of Leningrad Oblast, the northwest of [[Vologda Oblast]], and also includes minor areas in [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]] (the basin of the [[Ileksa]]). The main tributaries of Svir proper are the [[Vazhinka]] (right), the [[Oyat]] (left), and the [[Pasha (river)|Pasha]] (left).<ref name="register">{{cite web|url=http://textual.ru/gvr/index.php?card=151277|script-title=ru:Река Свирь|publisher=State Water Register of Russia|language=ru|access-date=1 December 2012}}</ref> The main rivers in the basin of the Svir are the [[Suna (river)|Suna]] (the longest in the Svir basin), the [[Shuya (Karelia)|Shuya]], the [[Vodla]], and the Vytegra. The basin of the Svir also includes an enormous amount of freshwater lakes, the biggest of which, behind Lake Onega, are [[Lake Vodlozero]], [[Lake Syamozero]], [[Lake Gimolskoye]], [[Lake Lizhmozero]], and [[Lake Shotozero]]. The city of [[Petrozavodsk]] and the towns of [[Suoyarvi]], [[Kondopoga]], [[Medvezhyegorsk]], [[Pudozh]], [[Vytegra]], Podporozhye, and Lodeynoye Pole, as well as a number of urban-type settlements, are located within the catchment area of the Svir.

The river flows past the [[Alexander-Svirsky Monastery]], which housed [[Svirlag]] (one of the most infamous [[gulag]]s). The area around the river saw heavy fighting during the [[Continuation War]] 1941–1944.{{cn|date=June 2022}}

The right bank of the lower Svir is occupied by the [[Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve]], established in 1980.{{cn|date=June 2022}}

==References==
{{commonscat|Svir River}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Rivers of Russia}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Rivers of Leningrad Oblast]]