Editing Swiss Civil Code

{{Short description|Codified law ruling in Switzerland}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox document
| document_name        = Swiss Civil Code
| image                = Swiss civil code 1907.jpg
| image_size           = 
| image_alt            = 
| caption              = The first edition of the Swiss Civil Code, around 1907
| orig_lang_code       = 
| title_orig           = {{langx|de|Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB)}}; {{langx|fr|Code civil suisse (CC)}}; {{langx|it|Codice civile svizzero (CC)}}; {{langx|rm|Cudesch civil svizzer}}
| date_created         = 
| date_presented       = 
| date_ratified        = 10 December 1907
| date_effective       = 1 January 1912 (current version as of 1 April 2016)
| date_repeal          = 
| location_of_document = {{URL|
https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19070042/index.html|SR 210}}
| commissioned         = 
| writer               = [[Eugen Huber]], [[Virgile Rossel]], [[Brenno Bertoni]]
| signers              = 
| media_type           = 
| subject              = 
| purpose              = Regulates relationship between individuals
}}

The '''Swiss [[Civil Code]]''' ('''SR/RS 210''', {{langx|de|Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB)}}; {{langx|fr|Code civil suisse (CC)}}; {{langx|it|Codice civile svizzero (CC)}}; {{langx|rm|Cudesch civil svizzer}}) is a portion of the second part (SR/RS 2) of the [[Swiss law|internal Swiss law]] ("Private law - Administration of civil justice - Enforcement") that regulates the [[Codification (law)|codified law]] ruling in [[Switzerland]] and relationship between individuals. It was first adopted in 1907 (effective since 1 January 1912).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/21.html#21 |title=SR 21 Zivilgesetzbuch |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |language=de, fr, it |location=Berne, Switzerland |access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19070042/index.html |title=SR 210 Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907 (Status as of 1 January 2016) |publisher=Swiss Federal Council |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |location=Berne, Switzerland |access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book  |title= The Swiss Civil Code of December 10, 1907 (Effective January 1, 1912); Translated by Robert P. Shick, A.M., LL.B., Member of the Philadelphia Bar; Annotated by Charles Wetherill, A.B., LL.D., Member of the Philadelphia Bar; Corrected and Revised by Eugen Huber, Dr. Jur., Rer. Pub. et Phil., Law Professor, University of Berne; Alfred Siegwart, Dr.Jur., Professor of Swiss Law, University of Freiburg ; Gordon E. Sherman, Ph.B., LL.B., Member of the New York and New Jersey Bars  |publisher=The Boston Book Company  |place=  Boston, U.S. |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924071237147#page/n7/mode/2up|access-date= 28 November 2016|via= Internet Archive}}</ref>

It was largely influenced by the [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch|German civil code]], and partly influenced by the [[Napoleonic code|French civil code]], but the majority of [[comparative law]] scholars (such as K. Zweigert and [[Rodolfo Sacco]]) argue that the Swiss code derives from a distinct paradigm of civil law.<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Knapp |editor-first= Viktor |year=1987 |last=Stoffel |first=Walter A.|contribution= National Reports, Switzerland |title= International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law |publisher= J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |place= Tübingen and Dorderecht, Boston, Lancaster |volume= I |page=S-186   }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book   |year=1977 |last1=Zweigert |first1= Konrad, Professor of Law, University of Hamburg; Director, Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Private Law  |last2=Kötz |first2=Hein, M.C.L. (Mich.); Professor of Law, University of Konstanz |title= An Introduction to Comparative Law; Translated from the German by Tony Weir, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge |publisher= North Holland Publishing Company |place= Amsterdam, New York, Oxford |volume= I: The Framework |pages=166–177   }}</ref><ref>{{Citation    |year= 1950 |last=Rabel |first=Ernst   |contribution= Private Laws of Western Civilization: Part III. The German and Swiss Civil Codes  |title=Louisiana Law Review |volume=10  |issue=3 |pages=271–275   |url=http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev/vol10/iss3/2/ |access-date= 29 November 2016}}</ref>

== History and influences ==
Adopted on 10 December 1907 (and is thus formally known as the ''Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907''), and in force since 1912. It was created by [[Eugen Huber]], it was subsequently translated in the two other national languages (at the time [[Romansh language|Romansh]] was not official) by [[Virgile Rossel]] and [[Brenno Bertoni]] for French and Italian, respectively.{{fact|date=November 2022}}

The [[Turkish civil code (1926)|Civil code of the Republic of Turkey]] is a slightly modified version of the Swiss code, adopted in 1926 during [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]'s presidency as part of the government's [[Atatürk's Reforms|progressive reforms]] and secularization.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1977 |last1=Zweigert |first1= Konrad, Professor of Law, University of Hamburg; Director, Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Private Law  |last2=Kötz |first2=Hein, M.C.L. (Mich.); Professor of Law, University of Konstanz |title= An Introduction to Comparative Law; Translated from the German by Tony Weir, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge |publisher= North Holland Publishing Company |place= Amsterdam, New York, Oxford |volume= I: The Framework |pages=176–177   }}</ref> The Swiss code also influenced the codes of several other states, such as [[Peru]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Swiss Civil Code |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/577158/Swiss-Civil-Code |access-date=2009-01-19}}</ref>

In 1911, the [[Swiss Code of Obligations]] (SR 22)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/22.html#22 |title=SR 22 Obligationenrecht |publisher=Swiss Federal Council |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |language=de, fr, it |location=Berne, Switzerland |access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref> was adopted and considered as the fifth part of the Swiss Civil Code. It thus became the first civil code to include commercial law.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19110009/index.html |title=SR 220 Federal Act on the Amendment of the Swiss Civil Code (Part Five: The Code of Obligations) |publisher=Swiss Federal Council |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |location=Berne, Switzerland |access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref><ref name=Koller>{{cite news |author=Frédéric Koller |url=https://www.letemps.ch/monde/2016/09/13/suisse-inspire-modernisation-droit-chinois |title=Quand la Suisse inspire la modernisation du droit chinois |language=fr |newspaper=[[Le temps]] |date=13 September 2016 |location=Lausanne, Switzerland |access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref>

== Content ==

The Swiss Civil Code contains more than two thousands articles.<ref name=Koller/> Its first article states that:
{{Block quote|<sup>1</sup> The law applies according to its wording or interpretation to all legal questions for which it contains a provision.<br><sup>2</sup> In the absence of a provision, the court shall decide in accordance with customary law and, in the absence of customary law, in accordance with the rule that it would make as legislator.<br><sup>3</sup> In doing so, the court shall follow established doctrine and case law.}}

== See also ==
*[[Swiss law]]
*[[Swiss Code of Obligations]]
*[[Swiss Criminal Code]]
*[[Inheritance law in Switzerland]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F30734.php Bernhard Schnyder, "Code civil (CC)" in ''Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse'', 02/08/2005.];
* English semi-official translation:
**[http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/c210.html Parts 1–4] (Swiss Civil Code: persons, family, succession, property)
**[http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/c220.html Part 5] (Code of Obligations)

{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Switzerland|Law}}
{{Civil codes by country|Europe}}

[[Category:Law of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Civil codes]]


{{switzerland-stub}}