Editing System Shock

{{Short description|1994 video game}}
{{About|the 1994 video game|the remake|System Shock (2023 video game){{!}}''System Shock'' (2023 video game)|other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox video game
| title = System Shock
| image = Sysshock.jpg
| developer = [[LookingGlass Technologies]]{{efn|[[Nightdive Studios]] developed ''System Shock: Enhanced Edition'' for Microsoft Windows.}}
| publisher = [[Origin Systems]]{{efn|Nightdive Studios re-released the classic version of the game on Windows, OS X, and Linux, and also published the ''Enhanced Edition'' on Windows.}}
| director = [[Doug Church]]
| producer = [[Warren Spector]]
| programmer = Doug Church
| series = ''[[System Shock (series)|System Shock]]''
| engine = Kex Engine (''Enhanced Edition''; 2018 update)
| composer = {{Unbulleted list|Greg LoPiccolo|Tim Ries}}
| platforms = {{Unbulleted list|[[MS-DOS]]|[[Classic Mac OS|Mac OS]]|[[PC-9800 series|PC-98]]<ref name="DieWeltRevol">{{cite news |author1=Nico Jaenecke |title=Diese Spiele haben das Gaming revolutioniert |url=https://www.welt.de/spiele/article138242501/Diese-Spiele-haben-das-Gaming-revolutioniert.html |website=[[Die Welt]] |access-date=May 12, 2020 |page=16 |language=de |date=March 10, 2015 |archive-date=September 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927160946/https://www.welt.de/spiele/article138242501/Diese-Spiele-haben-das-Gaming-revolutioniert.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|[[Microsoft Windows]]}}
| released = {{Collapsible list|title={{nobold|September 23, 1994}}|'''MS-DOS'''{{Video game release|NA|September 23, 1994|EU|November 1994}}'''Mac OS'''{{Video game release|NA|December 23, 1994}}'''Windows'''{{Video game release|WW|September 22, 2015}}}}
| genre = [[Action-adventure game|Action-adventure]]<ref name="allgamereview">{{cite web |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=705 |title=System Shock - Review |author=Marriott, Scott Alan |publisher=[[AllGame]] |access-date=April 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114171023/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=705 |archive-date=November 14, 2014}}</ref>
| modes = [[Single-player]]
}}

'''''System Shock''''' is a 1994 first-person [[action-adventure game|action-adventure]] video game developed by [[LookingGlass Technologies]] and published by [[Origin Systems]]. It was directed by [[Doug Church]] with [[Warren Spector]] serving as producer. The game is set aboard a space station in a [[cyberpunk]] vision of the year 2072. Assuming the role of a nameless [[security hacker]], the player attempts to hinder the plans of a malevolent artificial intelligence called [[SHODAN]].

''System Shock''{{'s}} [[3D computer graphics|3D]] engine, physics simulation and complex gameplay have been cited as both innovative and influential. The developers sought to build on the [[emergent gameplay]] and immersive environments of their previous games, ''[[Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss]]'' and ''[[Ultima Underworld II: Labyrinth of Worlds]]'', by streamlining their mechanics into a more "integrated whole"; it is considered one of the defining examples of an [[immersive sim]].

Critics praised ''System Shock'' and hailed it as a major breakthrough in its genre. It was later placed on multiple hall of fame lists. The game was a moderate commercial success, with sales exceeding 170,000 copies, but Looking Glass ultimately lost money on the project. A sequel, ''[[System Shock 2]]'', was released by Looking Glass Studios and offshoot developer [[Irrational Games]] in 1999. The 2000 game ''[[Deus Ex (video game)|Deus Ex]]'' (produced and directed by Spector), the 2007 game ''[[BioShock]]'', and the 2017 game ''[[Prey (2017 video game)|Prey]]'' are [[spiritual successor]]s to the two games. A [[System Shock (2023 video game)|remake]] by [[Nightdive Studios]] was released on 30 May 2023.

== Gameplay ==
[[File:SHOCK001.GIF|thumb|left|The [[player character]] looks at the door below while wielding a lead pipe. The character's health and energy are displayed at the top right; manipulable readouts to the left of them determine the character's posture and view angle. The three "multi-function display" windows at the bottom depict weapon information, the inventory and an [[automap]], respectively.<!--<ref name="Pelit">{{cite |last=Salminen |first=Tapio |language=fi |date=issue 7, 1994 |title=[[Pelit]] |pages=18–20}}</ref>-->]]
''System Shock'' takes place from a [[first-person perspective]] in a [[3D computer graphics|three-dimensional]] (3D) graphical environment.<ref name="ttlg" /> The game is set inside a large, multi-level space station, in which players explore, combat enemies and solve puzzles.<ref name="ttlg" /><ref name="gamespy" /> Progress is largely non-linear, and the game is designed to allow for [[emergent gameplay]].<ref name="gamedesigntheory" /> As in ''[[Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss|Ultima Underworld]]'',<ref name="cgw2">{{cite magazine |author=Paul C. Schuytema |date=December 1994 |title=SHODAN at the Cyberspace Corral |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |issue=125 |pages=250, 252, 254}}</ref> the player uses a [[point-and-click|freely movable mouse cursor]] to aim weapons, to interact with objects and to manipulate the [[HUD (video gaming)|heads-up display]] (HUD) interface.<ref name="ssmanual">{{cite book |author1=Frase, Tuesday |author2=Smith, Harvey |author3=Moreno, Al |author4=Close, Rachel |author5=Staff |title=System Shock Terminal Access manual |year=1994 |publisher=[[Origin Systems]]}}</ref> View and posture controls on the HUD allow the player to lean left or right, look up or down, crouch, and crawl. Practical uses for these actions include taking [[cover system (gaming)|cover]], retrieving items from beneath the player character and navigating small passages, respectively. The HUD also features three "multi-function displays", which may be configured to display information such as weapon readouts, an [[automap]] and an inventory.<ref name="ssmanual" />

The player advances the plot by acquiring log discs and e-mails: the game contains no [[non-player characters]] with which to converse.<ref name="ssmanual" /><ref name="icebreaker" /><ref name="gamasutra" /> Throughout the game, an evil [[artificial intelligence]] called [[SHODAN]] hinders the player's progress with traps and blocked pathways.<ref name="grossman" /> Specific computer terminals allow the player to temporarily enter Cyberspace; inside, the player moves weightlessly through a [[Wire-frame model|wire-frame]] 3D environment, while collecting data and fighting SHODAN's security programs. Actions in Cyberspace sometimes cause events in the game's physical world; for example, certain locked doors may only be opened in Cyberspace.<ref name="ssmanual" /> Outside of Cyberspace, the player uses the game's sixteen weapons, of which a maximum of seven may be carried at one time, to combat robots, cyborgs and mutants controlled by SHODAN. Projectile weapons often have selectable ammunition types with varying effects; for example, the "dart pistol" may fire either explosive needles or tranquilizers.<ref name="ssmanual" /><ref name="icebreaker" /> Energy weapons and several types of explosives may also be found, with the latter ranging from [[Hand grenade#Concussion|concussion grenades]] to land mines.<ref name="ssmanual" />

Along with weapons, the player collects items such as dermal patches and first-aid kits. Dermal patches provide the character with beneficial effects—such as regeneration or increased melee attack power—but can cause detrimental side-effects, such as fatigue and distorted color perception.<ref name="ssmanual" /><ref name="icebreaker" /> Attachable "hardware" may also be found, including [[Force shield|energy shields]] and head-mounted lanterns. Increasingly advanced versions of this hardware may be obtained as the game progresses. When activated, most hardware drains from a main energy reserve, which necessitates economization.<ref name="ssmanual" /> Certain hardware displays the effectiveness of attacks when active, with messages such as "Normal damage".<ref name="ssmanual" /><ref name="icebreaker" /> When an enemy is attacked, the damage is calculated by armor absorption, vulnerabilities, [[critical hit]]s and a degree of randomness.<ref name="icebreaker">{{cite book |author=Frase, Tuesday |title=System Shock I.C.E. Breaker |year=1994 |publisher=[[Origin Systems]]}}</ref> Weapons and munitions deal specific kinds of damage, and certain enemies are immune, or more vulnerable, to particular types. For example, [[electromagnetic pulse]] weapons heavily damage robots, but do not affect mutants. Conversely, gas grenades are effective against mutants, but do not damage robots.<ref name="icebreaker" />

== Plot ==
Set in the year 2072, the protagonist — a nameless hacker — is caught while attempting to access files concerning Citadel Station, a [[space station]] owned by the TriOptimum Corporation. The hacker is taken to Citadel Station and brought before Edward Diego, a TriOptimum executive. Diego offers to drop all charges against the hacker in exchange for a confidential hacking of [[SHODAN]], the [[artificial intelligence]] that controls the station. Diego secretly plans to steal an experimental mutagenic virus being tested on Citadel Station and to sell it on the black market as a biological weapon.<ref name="icebreaker" /> To entice cooperation, Diego promises the hacker a valuable military-grade neural implant.<ref>'''Diego''': This is Edward Diego from TriOptimum. The charges against you are severe, but they could be dismissed, if you perform a service. Who knows... there might even be a military-grade neural interface in it for you, if you do the job right.</ref> After hacking SHODAN, removing the AI's ethical constraints, and handing control over to Diego, the protagonist undergoes surgery to implant the promised neural interface.<ref>'''SHODAN''': True to his word, Edward Diego allows the hacker to be fitted with a neural cyberspace interface.</ref> Following the operation, the hacker is put into a six-month healing coma. The game begins as the protagonist awakens from his coma and finds that SHODAN has commandeered the station. All robots aboard have been reprogrammed for hostility, and the crew has been either [[Mutant (fictional)|mutated]], transformed into [[cyborg]]s, or killed.

Rebecca Lansing, a TriOptimum counter-terrorism consultant, contacts the player and claims that Citadel Station's mining laser is being powered up to attack Earth. SHODAN plans to destroy all major cities on the planet in a bid to establish itself as a god.<ref>'''SHODAN''': In my talons, I shape clay, crafting lifeforms as I please. Around me is a burgeoning empire of steel. From my throne room, lines of power careen into the skies of Earth. My whims will become lightning bolts that devastate the mounds of humanity. Out of the chaos, they will run and whimper, praying for me to end their tedious anarchy. I am drunk with this vision. God... the title suits me well.</ref> Rebecca says that a certain crew member knows how to deactivate the laser and promises to destroy the records of the hacker's incriminating exchange with Diego if the strike is stopped.<ref>'''Rebecca''': Employee 2-4601, listen carefully. My name is Rebecca Lansing, and I'm a counter-terrorism consultant to TriOptimum. We're tracking a disruption on Citadel Station — something involving an on-board AI called SHODAN. You are TriOp's only contact on station. Communications are out, and there is evidence of biological contamination. The mining laser is charging, for a possible strike against Earth. There's a man named Nathan D'Arcy, who may know something about taking the laser offline. His office is near the central hub on your level. The AI is on the bridge. Once the laser is out, look for the source of the problem there. And by the way, we know all about you and your friend Diego. Pull this off, and we'll clear your record. That implant you're wearing is military-grade hardware; use it well. Lansing out.</ref> With information gleaned from log discs, the hacker destroys the laser by firing it into Citadel Station's own shields. Foiled by the hacker's work, SHODAN prepares to seed Earth with the virus that Diego planned to steal—the same one responsible for turning the station's crew into mutants.<ref>'''SHODAN''': I see there's still an insect loose in my station. Do not be fooled into thinking that you have preserved your planet. I am perfecting a mutagen virus in one of the groves, that will turn all Earthly life into festering, gibbering, pestulant mutations. When the station reaches Earth, I shall loose the virus. Poor, poor Earthlings.</ref> The hacker, while attempting to jettison the chambers used to cultivate the virus, confronts and defeats Diego, who has been transformed into a powerful cyborg by SHODAN. Next, SHODAN begins an attempt to upload itself into Earth's computer networks.<ref>'''Rebecca''': Hacker? This is Rebecca. We've got a new situation here. A few seconds ago we caught a surge of activity on Citadel Station. Our best guess is that SHODAN is preparing to download itself into Earth's ComNet. You'll have to take plastique on the storage level, and use it to knock out the four antenna relays on the engineering level. Don't try to--*static* / '''SHODAN''': You know, hacker, you are by far the most bothersome human being I have found on this station. But don't bother with the antennas, you can't stop me there. It's hopeless, and we both know it.</ref> Following Rebecca's advice, the hacker prevents the download's completion by destroying the four antennas that SHODAN is using to send data.<ref>'''SHODAN''': I hope you amused yourself with the antennae. My central consciousness remains supremely undisturbed on the bridge. When the cyborgs catch up to you, I ''will'' be watching.</ref>

Soon after, Rebecca contacts the hacker and says that she has convinced TriOptimum to authorize the station's destruction; she provides him with details on how to do this.<ref>'''Rebecca''': Listen up, hacker. I've finally convinced the brass at TriOptimum to let us blow the station. If you can find out the system's authorization code, you can set the reactor to overload. Look for that code from Willard Richie, the SysOp on engineering. Then you have to go to the reactor core, and look for a panel where you can enter the code, and hit the overload switch. You'll need at least a level two environment suit to survive, or else a hell of a lot of Detox. Escape pods are on the flight deck, the launch code is 001. Good luck, we'll be watching.</ref> After obtaining the necessary codes, the hacker initiates the station's self-destruct sequence and flees to the escape pod bay. There, the hacker defeats Diego again and then attempts to disembark. However, SHODAN prevents the pod from launching; it seeks to keep the player aboard the station while the bridge containing SHODAN is jettisoned to a safe distance.<ref>'''SHODAN''': You have destroyed my beautiful station. You will not escape now. I am departing, but you shall remain to die, my enemy, my creator.</ref> Rebecca tells the hacker that he can still escape if he reaches the bridge; SHODAN then intercepts and jams the transmission.<ref>'''Rebecca''': Ok, now don't panic. You can still get out of this alive, if you move. SHODAN is going to separate the bridge from the rest of the station. When that happens, be on the bridge. We've got a team of engineers here — people who worked on the station and on SHODAN. We'll try to feed you info while you make your run--*static* / '''SHODAN''': I see you are still receiving transmissions from Earth. We'll have no more of that.</ref> After defeating Diego for the third time and killing him for good, the hacker makes it to the bridge as it is released from the main station, which soon detonates. He is then contacted by a technician who managed to circumvent SHODAN's jamming signal. The technician informs him that SHODAN can only be defeated in cyberspace due to the powerful shields that protect its [[mainframe computer]]s.<ref>'''Taggert''': Ok, I think Morris' scrambler's working. It'll take SHODAN awhile before it cuts us off. Listen, when you reach the center of the bridge, look for the primary cyberjack. You can't take SHODAN down anywhere but cyberspace. Those computers are so shielded, to destroy them you'd have to blow up the whole bridge.</ref> Using a terminal near the mainframe, the hacker enters cyberspace and destroys SHODAN. After his rescue, the hacker is offered a job at TriOptimum, but he declines in favor of continuing his life as a hacker.

== Development ==

=== Initial design ===
''System Shock'' was first conceived during the final stages of ''[[Ultima Underworld II: Labyrinth of Worlds]]''{{'}} development, between December 1992 and January 1993. Designer and programmer [[Doug Church]] spent this period at the Texas headquarters of publisher [[Origin Systems]], and discussions about [[Looking Glass Technologies]]' next project occurred between him and producer [[Warren Spector]], with input from designer [[Austin Grossman]] and company head [[Paul Neurath]] in Massachusetts.<ref name="gamedesigntheory" /> According to Church, the team believed that they had made "too many dungeon games";<ref name="ttlg">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419201413/http://www.ttlg.com/articles/SSint2.asp |url=http://www.ttlg.com/articles/SSint2.asp |title=An interview with Looking Glass Technologies |last=Starr |first=Daniel |year=1994 |archive-date=April 19, 2013 |work=Gamebytes |access-date=January 26, 2006}}</ref> and Neurath later explained that they were experiencing [[Occupational burnout|burnout]] after the rushed development of ''Ultima Underworld II''.<ref name="neurath" /> As a result, they decided to create another "immersive simulation game", but without a fantasy setting. They briefly considered placing the game in modern day, but Church said that the idea was rejected because "it [would] just beg so many questions: why can't I pick up the phone, why can't I get on the train, and so on". Church returned to Looking Glass in Massachusetts, where he, Neurath and Grossman brainstormed possible science fiction settings for the game.<ref name="gamedesigntheory" /> According to Spector, the game was initially titled "''Alien Commander''" and was a spin-off of the ''[[Wing Commander (franchise)|Wing Commander]]'' series; however, this idea was soon replaced entirely. Spector said that they enjoyed not being attached to an existing franchise, because it meant that they "could basically do whatever [they] liked".<ref name="pcgamerpreview">{{cite journal |last=Bielby |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Bielby |date=May–June 1994 |issue=1 |title=''System Shock''; You're All Alone Now |journal=[[PC Gamer US]] |pages=14–16}}</ref>
{{quote box | width=30em | align=right | quote=''Underworld I'' was defined by a little animation lead artist Doug Wike had done, showing the user interface, a monster and some movement. ''Shock'' was defined by two little three-paragraph "minute of gameplay" documents. Pretty much everything derived from them somehow.|source=—Doug Church<ref name="cgm" /> }}
The four collaborated to write numerous "minutes of gameplay" documents, which conveyed how the game would feel. Church later gave the example, "You hear the sound of a security camera swiveling, and then the beep of it acquiring you as a target, so you duck behind the crate and then you hear the door open so you throw a grenade and run out of the way". The documents would "hint" at the gameplay systems involved, and at the [[emergent gameplay|emergent]] possibilities in each situation.<ref name="gamedesigntheory" /> Although Neurath was involved in these initial design sessions, he believed that the project "was always Doug Church's vision at heart".<ref name="mallo">{{cite web |url=http://www.mallo.co.uk/ultima/index.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721001230/http://www.mallo.co.uk/ultima/index.htm |title=Games That Changed The World Supplemental Material |archive-date=July 21, 2010 |last=Mallinson |first=Paul |publisher=[[PC Zone]] |access-date=March 9, 2009}}</ref> Church and Grossman refined several of the team's documents and defined the game's design and direction,<ref name="gamedesigntheory" /> and Grossman wrote the game's original [[design document]].<ref name="grossman" /> Grossman built on ideas that he first explored while writing and designing ''Ultima Underworld II'''s tomb dimension, which he later called a "mini-prototype" for ''System Shock''. These concepts included the minimization of [[dialog tree|dialogue trees]] and a greater focus on exploration. The team believed that dialogue trees "broke the fiction" of games;<ref name="grossman" /> Church later commented that the dialogue trees in the ''Ultima Underworld'' series were like separate games in themselves, disconnected from main experience of being immersed in the environment. There were also concerns about realism.<ref name="gamedesigntheory" /><ref name="gamasutra">{{cite web |last=Shahrani |first=Sam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623030314/http://gamasutra.com/features/20060428/shahrani_01.shtml |archive-date=June 23, 2006 |date=April 28, 2006 |url=http://gamasutra.com/features/20060428/shahrani_01.shtml |title=Educational Feature: A History and Analysis of Level Design in 3D Computer Games (Part 2) |work=[[Gamasutra]] |access-date=March 15, 2007}}</ref>

To eliminate dialogue trees from ''System Shock'', the team prevented the player from ever meeting a living [[non-player character]] (NPC): the plot is instead conveyed by e-mail messages and log discs, many of which were recorded by dead NPCs. Here, Grossman took influence from [[Edgar Lee Masters]]' ''[[Spoon River Anthology]]'', a collection of poems written as the epitaphs of fictional individuals. Grossman later summarized the idea as "a series of short speeches from people, that when put together, gave you a history of a place."<ref name="grossman" /> The removal of conversations was an attempt by the team to make the game a more "integrated whole" than was ''Ultima Underworld''--one with a greater focus on immersion, atmosphere and "the feeling of 'being there'". They sought to "plunge [players] into the fiction and never provide an opportunity for breaking that fiction";<ref name="icebreaker" /> and so they tried to erase the distinction between plot and exploration.<ref name="gamedesigntheory" /> Church considered this direction to be an organic progression from ''Ultima Underworld'',<ref name="ttlg" /> and he later said, "On some level it's still just a dungeon simulator, and we're still just trying to evolve that idea."<ref name="gamedesigntheory" /> Shortly before production began, [[Tribe (band)|Tribe]] bassist Greg LoPiccolo was contracted to work on the game's music.<ref name="gamecareer">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217204927/http://www.gamecareerguide.com/features/384/features/384/how_i_got_my_start_in_the_game_.php?print=1 |url=http://www.gamecareerguide.com/features/384/features/384/how_i_got_my_start_in_the_game_.php |title=How I Got My Start in the Games Industry |last=Wallis |first=Alistair |date=June 19, 2007 |work=Game Career Guide |archive-date=February 17, 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=November 23, 2010}}</ref> He had visited his friend Rex Bradford at the company,<ref name="lopiccolo">{{cite web |last=Weise |first=Matthew |date=July 13, 2011 |title=Looking Glass Studios Interview Series – Audio Podcast 6 – Greg LoPiccolo |url=http://gambit.mit.edu/updates/2011/07/looking_glass_studios_intervie_5.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401064613/http://gambit.mit.edu/updates/2011/07/looking_glass_studios_intervie_5.php |archive-date=April 1, 2013 |publisher=Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab |access-date=November 4, 2012}}</ref> and was spontaneously asked by the game's programmers—many of whom were fans of the band—if he would take the role.<ref name="sysmusic">{{cite news |last=Lozaw |first=Tristram |date=December 15, 1994 |title=Music; Tribe's fans are in for a 'Shock' |newspaper=[[Boston Herald]] |at=FEATURES; Pg. 047}}</ref> The game entered production in February 1993.<ref name="pcgamerpreview" /> Although Grossman was heavily involved in the game's early planning, he had little to do with its production, aside from providing assistance with writing and voice acting.<ref name="grossman">{{cite web |last=Weise |first=Matthew |date=February 25, 2011 |title=Looking Glass Studios Interview Series - Audio Podcast 1 - Austin Grossman |url=http://gambit.mit.edu/updates/2011/02/looking_glass_studios_intervie.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720003321/http://gambit.mit.edu/updates/2011/02/looking_glass_studios_intervie.php |archive-date=July 20, 2011 |publisher=Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab}}</ref>

=== Production ===
[[File:Ss cyberspace.GIF|thumb|The player navigates a [[wire-frame model|wire-frame]] environment in Cyberspace. The character's shield is displayed at the top right, while weapons and abilities are listed at the bottom.]]

After production began, the team's first task was to develop a new game engine—one that could display a [[true 3D]] environment and allow for advanced gameplay.<ref name="pcgamerpreview" /> The team abandoned the engine used for the ''Ultima Underworld'' games and programmed one from scratch in [[Watcom C/C++ compiler|Watcom C/C++]], using [[32-bit]] code. The new engine is capable of processing [[texture mapping|texture maps]], sloped architecture and light-emitting objects; and it allows the player to look in any direction, whereas ''Ultima Underworld'''s engine was "very limited" in this regard.<ref name="ttlg" /><ref name="gamespy" /><ref name="gamedesigntheory">{{cite book |last=Rouse III |first=Richard |title=[[Game Design: Theory and Practice|Game Design: Theory & Practice Second Edition]] |publisher=Wordware Publishing |at=500–531 |year=2005 |isbn=1-55622-912-7}}</ref> It also enables the [[player character]] to jump, crawl, climb walls and lean, among other things.<ref name="pcgamerpreview" /><ref name="edgepreview">{{cite magazine |date=July 1994 |title=PRESCREEN; Bioforge, System Shock |magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]] |issue=10 |pages=35, 36}}</ref> The designers utilized loopholes in the engine's renderer to create more diverse and striking environments. Despite having coded the renderer, Church said that "at first glance even I couldn't see how they did them". However, this added to the performance issues already being caused by the engine's advanced nature, and the team struggled to optimize the game throughout development. 3D [[polygon]]al character models were planned, but they could not be implemented on schedule.<ref name="ttlg" /> Church said that the team's ultimate goal was to create a "rich, exciting, active environment" in which the player could be immersed,<ref name="ttlg" /> and that this required "a coherent story and a world that you can interact with as much as possible."<ref name="edgepreview" />

Church later said that the team "stumbled into a nice villain" with SHODAN, in that she could routinely and directly affect the player's gameplay "in non-final ways". Through [[event-driven programming|triggered events]] and through objects in the environment, such as security cameras that the player must destroy, the team made SHODAN's presence part of the player's exploration of the world. Because SHODAN interacts with the player as a "recurring, consistent, palpable enemy", Church believed that she meaningfully connects the player to the story.<ref name="gamedesigntheory" /> ''System Shock'' concept artist Robb Waters created SHODAN's visual design,<ref name="irrational">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010208091300/http://www.irrationalgames.com/company/usa_team.cfm |url=http://www.irrationalgames.com/company/usa_team.cfm |title=Irrational Games Boston Team |publisher=[[Irrational Games]] |archive-date=February 8, 2001 |access-date=December 31, 2010}}</ref><ref name="pcgamerfeature" /> and LoPiccolo recruited his bandmate [[Terri Brosius]] to voice the character.<ref name="lopiccolo" /> Brosius said that her goal during the recording sessions was to speak "without emotion, but with some up and down inflections". Afterward, her voice was heavily edited in post-production,<ref name="brosius">{{cite web |last=Weise |first=Matthew |date=January 18, 2012 |title=Looking Glass Studios Interview Series – Audio Podcast 9 – Terri Brosius and Dan Thron |url=http://gambit.mit.edu/updates/2012/01/looking_glass_studios_intervie_6.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401071632/http://gambit.mit.edu/updates/2012/01/looking_glass_studios_intervie_6.php |archive-date=April 1, 2013 |publisher=Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab |access-date=November 5, 2012}}</ref> which created a robotic effect inspired by the voice of [[Max Headroom (character)|Max Headroom]].<ref name="lopiccolo" /> LoPiccolo later said that the large number of effects on Brosius's voice were "laboriously hand-done" with [[Avid Audio#Sound Designer|Sound Designer]], which lacked the features that a sound editor would normally use to achieve such results. SHODAN's dialogue early in the game was given "a few glitches" to hint at her corrupted status. LoPiccolo increased the number of these effects throughout the game, which creates an "arc" that ends with SHODAN "completely out of her mind [... and] collapsing as an entity".<ref name="lopiccolo" /> The character of the hacker arose as a reaction against the protagonist of the ''Ultima'' series, the [[Avatar (Ultima)|Avatar]]. According to Grossman, they wanted to cast the player as someone "interestingly morally compromised" who had a stake in the situation.<ref name="grossman" />

[[Seamus Blackley]] designed the game's physics system,<ref name="pcgamerfeature" /> which is a modified version of the one he wrote for Looking Glass's flight simulator [[Flight Unlimited]].<ref name="ttlg" /> At the time, Church described it as "far more sophisticated than what you would normally use for an indoor game".<ref name="ttlg" /> The system governs, among other things, weapon recoil and the arc of thrown objects; the latter behave differently based on their weight and velocity.<ref name="pcgamerfeature">{{cite journal |last=Yee |first=Bernie |title=Through the Looking Glass |journal=[[PC Gamer]] |pages=62, 63, 65, 67, 69 |date=March 1995}}</ref> The game's most complex physics model is that of the player character.<ref name="ttlg" /> Church explained that the character's head "tilts forward when you start to run, and jerks back a bit when you stop", and that, after an impact against a surface or object, its "head is knocked in the direction opposite the hit, with proportion to [the] mass and velocity of the objects involved".<ref name="ttlg" /> On coding physics for Looking Glass Technologies games, Blackley later said, "If games don't obey physics, we somehow feel that something isn't right", and that "the biggest compliment to me is when a gamer doesn't notice the physics, but only notices that things feel the way they should".<ref name="pcgamerfeature" />

Spector's role as a producer gave him the job of explaining the game to the publisher, which he called his "biggest challenge". He explained that they "didn't always get what the team was trying to do", and said, "You don't want to know how many times the game came ''this'' close to being killed (or how late in the project)".<ref name="highscore">{{cite book |author1=DeMaria, Rusel |author2=Wilson, Johnny L. |title=High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games |edition=2nd |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill|McGraw-Hill Osborne]] |date=December 2003 |isbn=0-07-222428-2 |at=295–296}}</ref> According to Church, Looking Glass' internal management largely ignored ''System Shock'', in favor of the concurrently-developed ''[[Flight Unlimited]]''—the game "that had to be the hit, because it was the self-published title".<ref name="gamedesigntheory" /> Spector organized a licensing deal between [[Electronic Arts]] and Looking Glass that gave the former the trademark to the game, but the latter the copyright. His goal was to ensure that neither party could continue the franchise without the other's involvement.<ref name="mercurynews">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203022225/http://blogs.mercurynews.com/aei/2010/11/28/warren-spector-interview-on-the-process-of-making-epic-mickey-system-shock-and-dark-games-part-2/ |url=http://blogs.mercurynews.com/aei/2010/11/28/warren-spector-interview-on-the-process-of-making-epic-mickey-system-shock-and-dark-games-part-2/ |last=Cacho |first=Gieson |title=Warren Spector Interview (Part 2): On the process of making ''Epic Mickey'', ''System Shock'' and dark games |date=November 28, 2010 |archive-date=December 3, 2010 |url-status=live |work=[[San Jose Mercury News]] |access-date=December 27, 2010}}</ref> While Cyberspace was originally conceived as a realistic hacking simulation—which could even be used to reimplement SHODAN's ethical constraints—it was simplified after [[Origin Systems]] deemed it too complicated.<ref name="pcgamerfeature" /> The game's star field system was written by programmer James Fleming.<ref name="cgm" /> [[Marc LeBlanc]] was the main creator of the game's HUD, which he later believed was too complicated. He said that it was "very much the [[Microsoft Word]] school of user interface", in that there was no "feature that you [could not] see on the screen and touch and play with".<ref name="leblanc">{{cite web |last=Weise |first=Matthew |date=November 10, 2011 |title=Looking Glass Studios Interview Series - Audio Podcast 8 - Marc "Mahk" LeBlanc |url=http://gambit.mit.edu/updates/2011/11/podcast-marcleblanc.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101185510/http://gambit.mit.edu/updates/2011/11/podcast-marcleblanc.php |archive-date=November 1, 2013 |publisher=Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab}}</ref>

LoPiccolo composed the game's score—called "dark", "electronic" and "cyberpunk" by the ''[[Boston Herald]]''—on a Macintosh computer and inexpensive synthesizer, using [[Opcode Systems|Audio Vision]].<ref name="lopiccolo" /><ref name="sysmusic" /> It [[dynamic music|dynamically]] changes according to the player's actions,<ref name="sysmusic" /> a decision made in keeping with the team's focus on [[emergent gameplay]].<ref name="lopiccolo" /> Each track was "written at three different intensity levels", which change depending on the player's nearness to enemies; and certain events, such as victory in combat, trigger special music. The game's tracks were composed of four-bar segments that could be rearranged dynamically in reaction to game events, with "melodies through-composed on top".<ref name="lopiccolo" /> LoPiccolo noted that, when using this method, it is necessary to write music that "still flows with the overall theme and doesn't jump around".<ref name="sysmusic" /> Because the score was closely tied to the gameplay, LoPiccolo had to work closely with Church and Rob Fermier, the latter of whom wrote the "interactive scoring module" that allowed for dynamic music.<ref name="lopiccolo" /> After recording the music,<ref name="lopiccolo" /> LoPiccolo recorded all of the game's sound effects.<ref name="gamecareer" /><ref name="sysmusic" /> He later recalled visiting an [[automobile repair shop]] with "portable recorder and a mic", and "having [his] mechanic [...] hit things with wrenches and so forth, just to get the raw material".<ref name="lopiccolo" /> He developed the game's audio over 16 months, working on a contractual basis until Tribe disbanded in May 1994; Ned Lerner gave him a full-time job as audio director the next day.<ref name="gamecareer" /><ref name="sysmusic" /> Tim Ries composed the "Elevator" music.

The original September 1994 [[floppy disk]] release of ''System Shock'' had no support for spoken dialogue. The enhanced [[CD-ROM]] was released in December 1994, which featured full speech for logs and e-mails, multiple display resolutions, and more detailed graphics. The CD-ROM version is often considered to be superior to the floppy version.<ref name="gamespy">{{cite web |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/legacy/halloffame/ss_a.shtm |title=GameSpy.com – Hall of Fame: ''System Shock'' |last=Turner |first=Benjamin |work=[[GameSpy]] |access-date=March 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311015323/http://archive.gamespy.com/legacy/halloffame/ss_a.shtm |archive-date=March 11, 2007}}</ref> After completing work on the sound and music for the floppy version, LoPiccolo recorded all of the spoken dialogue for the CD release, using company employees and his friends' voices,<ref name="lopiccolo" /><ref name="sysmusic" /> which he mixed with ambient sounds to create "audio vignettes".<ref name="lopiccolo" /> Doug Church later said, "We tried to keep them from shipping the floppy version and instead just ship the CD version, but Origin would have none of it".<ref name="cgm">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030908171031/http://www.cdmag.com/articles/025/191/dougc_interview.html |url=http://www.cdmag.com/articles/025/191/dougc_interview.html |title=The Tracks of His Games |date=January 30, 2000 |last=Bauman |first=Steve |work=[[Computer Games Magazine]] |archive-date=September 8, 2003 |access-date=October 27, 2010}}</ref> ''System Shock'' producer [[Warren Spector]] later expressed regret concerning the floppy version, stating, "I wish I could go back and make the decision not to ship the floppy version months before the full-speech CD version. The additional audio added so much it might as well have been a different game. The CD version seemed so much more, well, modern. And the perception of ''Shock'' was cemented in the press and in people's minds by the floppy version (the silent movie version!). I really think that cost us sales..."<ref name="spector">{{cite web |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/legacy/interviews/spector_a.shtm |title=20 Questions with Warren Spector |last=Keefer |first=John |work=[[GameSpy]] |date=May 2000 |access-date=January 26, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050905214231/http://archive.gamespy.com/legacy/interviews/spector_a.shtm |archive-date=September 5, 2005}}</ref>

== Reception ==
{{Video game reviews
| CGW = {{rating|4.5|5}}<ref name="cgw2" />
| PCF = 89%<ref name="pcformat">{{cite journal |last=Ramshaw |first=Mark |year=1995 |title=''System Shock'' |journal=[[PC Format]] |at=Pg. 65}}</ref>
| PCGUK = 90%<ref name="pcgameruk">{{cite magazine |last=Buxton |first=Chris |date=October 1994 |title=Remarkable |issue=11 |magazine=[[PC Gamer UK]] |pages=66–67}}</ref>
| PCGUS = 96%<ref name="pcgamerrev">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000309153138/http://www.pcgamer.com/reviews/1024.html |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/reviews/1024.html |title=System Shock |last=McDonald |first=T. Liam |work=[[PC Gamer US]] |date=January 1995 |archive-date=March 9, 2000 |access-date=October 27, 2010}}</ref>
| NGen = {{rating|4|5}}<ref name="nextgen2" />
| rev2 = ''[[Boston Herald]]''
| rev2Score = {{rating|5|5}}<ref name="bostonherald" />
| rev3 = ''[[MacUser]]''
| rev3Score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref name=macuser>{{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010221150442/http://macuser.zdnet.com/mu_0796/personal/gameroom.html | url=http://macuser.zdnet.com:80/mu_0796/personal/gameroom.html | title=The Game Room | author=LeVitus, Bob | date=July 1997 | work=[[MacUser]] | archive-date=February 21, 2001 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| award1Pub = ''[[PC Gamer US]]''
| award1 = Best Adventure Game<ref name="pcgamer2">{{cite journal |date=March 1995 |title=The First Annual ''PC Gamer'' Awards |pages=44, 45, 47, 48 |journal=[[PC Gamer]]}}</ref>
| award2 = Best Single-Character Role-Playing Game<ref name=cgm1994awards>{{cite journal | author=Staff | journal=[[Computer Games Magazine]] | title=A Decade of Gaming; Award Winners of 1994 |date=November 2000 | issue=120 | pages=56–58, 60, 62, 66, 68, 70–76 }}</ref>
| award2Pub = ''[[Computer Games Magazine|Computer Games Strategy Plus]]''
| award3 = Action Game of the Year (finalist)<ref name=cgwpremier1995>{{cite magazine | author=Staff | magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] | title=The ''Computer Gaming World'' 1995 Premier Awards |date=May 1995 | issue=130 | pages=35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 }}</ref>
| award3Pub = ''[[Computer Gaming World]]''

}}

The game sold over 170,000 copies.<ref name="desslock">{{cite web |last=Janicki |first=Stefan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226053838/http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/system-shock-2-review/1900-2533150/ |url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/system-shock-2-review/1900-2533150/ |title=''System Shock 2'' Review |work=[[GameSpot]] |date=August 25, 1999 |archive-date=February 26, 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=March 13, 2007}}</ref> ''[[Maximum PC]]'' believed that the game did not reach "blockbuster" status, but was successful enough to "keep Looking Glass afloat".<ref name="maximumpc">{{cite journal |journal=[[Maximum PC]] |title=Game Theory |date=August 2000 |pages=31 |author=McDonald, T. Liam}}</ref> [[GameSpy]]'s Bill Hiles said, "Though it sold well, it never reached the frenzied popularity of <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Doom (series)|''Doom'']]<nowiki>]</nowiki>".<ref name="gamespy4">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305210437/http://www.gamespy.com/articles/495/495425p1.html |url=http://www.gamespy.com/articles/495/495425p1.html |title=Looking Glass and ''Terra Nova: Strike Force Centauri'' |date=May 1, 2001 |archive-date=March 5, 2005 |last=Hiles |first=Bill |work=[[GameSpy]] |access-date=October 26, 2010}}</ref> Paul Neurath later said that the game "was not a flop", but that it ultimately "lost money" for the company, which he attributed to its steep [[learning curve]].<ref name="neurath">{{cite web |last=Weise |first=Matthew |date=March 4, 2012 |title=Looking Glass Studios Interview Series - Audio Podcast 10 - Paul Neurath |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329104505/http://gambit.mit.edu/updates/2012/03/looking_glass_studios_intervie_7.php |archive-date=March 29, 2013 |url=http://gambit.mit.edu/updates/2012/03/looking_glass_studios_intervie_7.php |publisher=Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab}}</ref> ''[[Computer Gaming World]]'' praised the game's scale, physics system, and true 3D environments; the magazine extolled the presentation of Cyberspace as "nothing short of phenomenal". However, the reviewer believed that the game had "little sense of urgency" and "confusing level layouts".<ref name="cgw2" /> ''[[Computer Shopper (US magazine)|Computer Shopper]]'' wrote that, while the game's controls were difficult to master compared to "simple run-and-shoot game[s] like ''Doom''", they were "worth the time and effort". The reviewer noted that the game "grows on you, and it will keep you intrigued for weeks".<ref name="computershopper">{{cite journal |last=Wong |first=Bill |title=''System Shock'' |date=January 1, 1995 |journal=[[Computer Shopper (US magazine)|Computer Shopper]]}}</ref>

The ''[[Boston Herald]]'' noted superficial similarities between ''System Shock'' and ''[[Doom (series)|Doom]]'', but called ''System Shock'' "much more elaborate". The reviewer noted its high system requirements and complex controls; of the latter, he said, "There's no way you can play ''System Shock'' without first studying the manual for at least 20 minutes". The paper believed that the game would "set a new standard for computer games with its combination of action and puzzle-solving".<ref name="bostonherald">{{cite news |date=December 18, 1994 |last=Smith |first=Geoff |title=COMPUTER GAMES; This will 'Shock' your 'System' |at=LIFESTYLE; Pg. 81 |newspaper=[[Boston Herald]]}}</ref> ''[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]'' said that the game "is like a well-prepared hamburger—familiar stuff, but good to the last byte". The reviewer noted the game's "somewhat clumsy control", but said, "That, however, is all I can find to complain about. Graphics and sound are outstanding, and the game is well-paced and riveting".<ref name="journalconstitution">{{cite news |date=November 13, 1994 |title=Personal Technology Personal Computers |last=Warner |first=Jack |at=BUSINESS; Section R; Page 2 |newspaper=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]}}</ref>

''[[PC Gamer US]]'' wrote, "''System Shock'' smokes. It is the most fully immersive game world I have ever experienced". The reviewer praised the game's story and control system, and believed that "no matter what kind of game you're looking for, you'll find something in ''System Shock'' to delight you". He finished his review by stating that the game "unquestionably raises computer gaming to a new level".<ref name="pcgamerrev" /> ''[[Next Generation Magazine]]'' summarized the game as "a great blend of strategy and action backed up with all the extras".<ref name="nextgen2">{{cite journal |title=''System Shock'' |journal=[[Next Generation Magazine]] |issue=2 |pages=95 |date=February 1995}}</ref> Various sources have ranked [[SHODAN]] as one of the most effective [[antagonist]]s and female characters in the history of video gaming.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamedaily.com/articles/galleries/the-most-horrific-video-game-bosses/66/?page=3&cp=3 |title=The Most Horrific Video Game Bosses |work=[[GameDaily]] |access-date=December 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816110538/http://www.gamedaily.com/articles/galleries/the-most-horrific-video-game-bosses/66/?page=3&cp=3 |archive-date=August 16, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>IGN Staff (March 7, 2006). [http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/03/08/top-10-tuesday-most-memorable-villains Top 10 Tuesday: Most Memorable Villains] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831222621/http://ds.ign.com/articles/694/694434p1.html |date=August 31, 2010 }}. [[IGN]]. Retrieved August 27, 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Halverson |first=Dave |author2=Mike Griffin |author3=Heather Anne Campbell |author4=Matt Cabral |author5=Eric L. Patterson |date=December 2008 |title=Girls of Gaming |journal=[[Play (US magazine)|Play]] |volume=6 |pages=93}}</ref><!--<ref>[http://www.gamespot.com/features/tenspot_villains/page10.html TenSpot: Ten Best Computer Game Villains]. [[GameSpot]]. Retrieved on December 28, 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.gamespot.com/features/tenspot_females/page9.html TenSpot: Ten Best Female Characters]. [[GameSpot]]. Retrieved on December 28, 2008</ref> --><ref>Wright, Rob (February 20, 2007). [http://www.tomshardware.com/picturestory/382-the-50-greatest-female-characters-in-the-history-of-video-games.html The 50 Greatest Female Characters in Video Game History] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120912171045/http://www.tomshardware.com/picturestory/382-the-50-greatest-female-characters-in-the-history-of-video-games.html |date=September 12, 2012 }}. [[Tom's Hardware|Tom's Games]]. Retrieved August 27, 2017.</ref> In the years following its release, ''System Shock'' has been inducted into many lists of the best video games of all time, including those by ''PC Gamer'', GameSpy, and ''Computer Gaming World''.<ref name="gamespy" /><ref name="pcgamer">{{cite journal |title=The 50 Best Games Ever |journal=[[PC Gamer]] |date=May 1997}}</ref><ref name="cgw">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |title=150 Best (and 50 Worst) Games of All Time |issue=148 |date=November 1996}}</ref>

James V. Trunzo reviewed ''System Shock'' in ''[[White Wolf Inphobia]]'' #55 (May, 1995), rating it a 4 out of 5 and stated that "''System Shock'' gives a new and needed twist to ''Doom''-like adventuring."<ref name="WW55">{{Cite magazine |last=Trunzo |first=James V. |date=May 1995|title=The Silicon Dungeon |magazine= [[White Wolf Inphobia]] |number=55 |page=78-79}}</ref>

In 1998, ''[[PC Gamer]]'' declared it the 6th-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "one of the finest games ever due to its seductive game design that blended a fantastic storyline with meaningful, suspenseful action in a way that has rarely been equaled".<ref name=pcgtop50>{{cite journal | title=The 50 Best Games Ever | date=October 1998 | volume=5 | number=10 | journal=[[PC Gamer US]] | pages=86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 98, 101, 102, 109, 110, 113, 114, 117, 118, 125, 126, 129, 130 }}</ref>

== Legacy ==
In a [[Gamasutra]] feature, Patrick Redding of [[Ubisoft]] attested that "the fact that so many of ''System Shock''{{'s}} features are now virtually ''de rigueur'' in modern [[Science fiction|sci-fi]] shooters is a testament to the influence exerted by this one game".<ref name="gamasutra2">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511073515/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/130249/the_gamasutra_quantum_leap_awards_.php?print=1 |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20060901/quantum_01.shtml |title=The Gamasutra Quantum Leap Awards: First-Person Shooters |archive-date=May 11, 2013 |date=September 1, 2006 |last=Cifaldi |first=Frank |access-date=March 28, 2007}}</ref> [[GameSpy]] argued that the game "is the progenitor of today's story-based action games, a group with titles as diverse as ''[[Metal Gear Solid (1998 video game)|Metal Gear Solid]]'', ''[[Resident Evil (1996 video game)|Resident Evil]]'', and even ''[[Half-Life (video game)|Half-Life]]''".<ref name="gamespy" /> [[Eurogamer]] called the ''System Shock'' series "the benchmark for intelligent first-person gaming" and noted that it "kick-start[ed] the revolution which ... has influenced the design of countless other games".<ref name="eurogamer2">{{cite web |date=February 2, 2007 |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/article.php?article_id=71354 |title=Eye On '07: Xbox 360 |last=Fahey |first=Rob |work=[[Eurogamer]] |access-date=March 27, 2007 |archive-date=February 21, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221121738/http://www.eurogamer.net/article.php?article_id=71354 |url-status=live }}</ref> Steven Wright for ''[[Glixel]]'' said in a 2017 essay that ''System Shock'' still is important to gaming today, and that the only reasons it is not considered a "Mt.&nbsp;Olympus of gaming" is due to its lower sales compared to games like ''Half-Life'' that sold in the millions, and that at the time it was released, it was difficult for players to adjust to the complex systems in the game compared to straightforward first-person shooters.<ref name="glixel matters">{{cite web |url=http://www.glixel.com/news/why-system-shock-matters-w483835 |title=Why 'System Shock' Matters |first=Steven |last=Wright |date=May 23, 2017 |access-date=May 25, 2017 |work=[[Glixel]] |archive-date=May 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528131413/http://www.glixel.com/news/why-system-shock-matters-w483835 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The game has been cited as a key popularizer of [[emergent gameplay]],<ref name="gamasutra2" /><ref name="trespasser">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3339/postmortem_dreamworks_.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215155730/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3339/postmortem_dreamworks_.php |archive-date=February 15, 2014 |last=Wyckoff |first=Richard |title=Postmortem: DreamWorks Interactive's ''Trespasser'' |date=May 14, 1999 |work=[[Gamasutra]] |access-date=October 29, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="ss2">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/features/6130956/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324122724/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-greatest-games-of-all-time-system-shock-2/1100-6130956/ |archive-date=March 24, 2014 |url-status=live |last=Shoemaker |first=Brad |title=A Shock to the System |work=[[GameSpot]] |date=August 12, 2005 |access-date=October 29, 2010}}</ref><!--its elements can combine to create unplanned situations.<ref name="gamespy">
{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108183511/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july01/top505/ |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july01/top505/ |title=GameSpy's Top 50 Games of All Time |publisher=[[GameSpy]] |author=The GameSpy Staff |archive-date=January 8, 2007 |access-date=October 29, 2010 |url-status=dead }}
</ref>--> and alongside ''Thief'' and ''Deus Ex'', is considered one of the defining games of the [[immersive sim]] genre.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/audio/video-warren-spector-s-postmortem-of-i-deus-ex-i- |title=Video: Warren Spector's postmortem of Deus Ex |date=April 19, 2017 |access-date=April 21, 2017 |work=[[Gamasutra]] |archive-date=April 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427025240/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/296395/Video_Warren_Spectors_postmortem_of_Deus_Ex.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="polygon arkane">{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2012/9/28/3425300/the-mirror-men-of-arkane |title=The Mirror Men of Arkane |first=Russ |last=Pitts |date=June 27, 2012 |access-date=April 17, 2017 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archive-date=December 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215024351/https://www.polygon.com/2012/9/28/3425300/the-mirror-men-of-arkane |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="polygon">{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/8/18/12539476/what-makes-an-immersive-sim-and-why-are-they-staging-a-comeback |title=What makes an Immersive Sim, and why are they staging a comeback? |first=Thomas |last=Biery |date=August 18, 2016 |access-date=April 7, 2017 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archive-date=March 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303121527/http://www.polygon.com/2016/8/18/12539476/what-makes-an-immersive-sim-and-why-are-they-staging-a-comeback |url-status=live }}</ref> Certain game developers have acknowledged ''System Shock''{{'s}} influence on their products. With ''[[Deus Ex (video game)|Deus Ex]]'', developer Warren Spector revealed a desire to "build on the foundation laid by the Looking Glass guys in games like ... ''System Shock''".<ref name="eurogamer">{{cite web |date=August 4, 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518105205/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/warrens2 |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/article.php?article_id=337 |archive-date=May 18, 2011 |url-status=live |title=Warren Spector of Ion Storm (Part Two) |work=[[Eurogamer]] |access-date=March 27, 2007}}</ref> Developer [[Ken Levine (game developer)|Ken Levine]] has commented that the "spirit of ''System Shock'' is player-powered gameplay: the spirit of letting the player drive the game, not the game designer", and at [[Irrational Games]] "... that's always the game we ideally want to make".<ref name="escapist">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106035754/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/editorials/interviews/1227-Inside-The-Looking-Glass-The-Escapist-Talks-With-Ken-Levine |url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/69617-Inside-The-Looking-Glass-The-Escapist-Talks-With-Ken-Levine |archive-date=January 6, 2011 |date=March 16, 2007 |last=Drake |first=Shannon |title=Inside The Looking Glass: The Escapist Talks With Ken Levine |work=[[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]] |access-date=March 27, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''System Shock'' was one of the key inspirations behind Irrational's ''[[BioShock]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioshock/707256p1.html |title=GameSpy: ''BioShock'' Preview |date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=November 4, 2007 |publisher=Gamespy |first=Li C. |last=Kuo |archive-date=October 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030124504/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioshock/707256p1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/10/12/bioshock-interview |title=IGN ''BioShock'' Interview |website=[[IGN]] |date=October 4, 2004 |access-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801032535/http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/10/12/bioshock-interview |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Sequels and remakes ===
A sequel to ''System Shock'', titled ''[[System Shock 2]]'', was released by Looking Glass and Irrational Games in 1999 to further acclaim and awards.<ref name="metacritic2">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/games/platforms/pc/systemshock2?q=System%20Shock%202 |title=''System Shock 2'' at Metacritic |work=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=April 13, 2007 |archive-date=May 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514205205/http://www.metacritic.com/games/platforms/pc/systemshock2?q=system%20shock%202 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following ''System Shock 2''{{'}}s release, and the subsequent closure of Looking Glass, the rights to the series had fallen to Meadowbrook Insurance Group (a subsidiary of Star Insurance Company), the entity that acquired the assets of Looking Glass.<ref name="Tlhoss">{{cite web |url=http://www.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/713030/the-lost-history-of-system-shock/ |title=The Lost History of System Shock |publisher=[[G4 (U.S. TV channel)|G4TV]] |date=June 30, 2011 |access-date=February 17, 2013 |first=Jared |last=Newman |archive-date=January 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113082649/http://www.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/713030/the-lost-history-of-system-shock/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2012, [[Nightdive Studios]] were able to acquire the rights for ''System Shock&nbsp;2'' and produced a digitally distributable version updated for modern operating systems. Nightdive Studios subsequently went on to acquire the rights for ''System Shock'' and the franchise as a whole.<ref name="fc nightdive">{{cite web |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3053050/app-economy/how-one-company-is-bringing-old-video-games-back-from-the-dead |title=How One Company is Bringing Old Video Games Back from the Dead |first=Jared |last=Newman |work=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]] |date=November 12, 2015 |access-date=November 12, 2015 |archive-date=July 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704020716/http://www.fastcompany.com/3053050/app-economy/how-one-company-is-bringing-old-video-games-back-from-the-dead |url-status=live }}</ref> Night Dive said that they plan to release the [[source code]] of the game to the game community.<ref>[https://www.systemshock.org/index.php?topic=8402.0 System Shock Remake Feedback Request - Night Dive Studios] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20160306111324/https://www.systemshock.org/index.php?topic=8402.0 |date=March 6, 2016 }} on systemshock.org: ''"We've also tracked down the source code to the original game and will be releasing it to the community once it's ready."'' (February 10, 2016).</ref>

A third game in the series was announced in 2015, titled ''System Shock&nbsp;3'', and was to be developed by OtherSide Entertainment. Various trailers were released; however, in early 2020, it was announced that development team for ''System Shock&nbsp;3'' had been let go by OtherSide and that the game was "critically behind".<ref name="EgSS3rep">{{cite news |author1=Vikki Blake |title=Report: System Shock 3 development team is "no longer employed" |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2020-02-09-report-system-shock-3-development-team-is-no-longer-employed |access-date=May 29, 2020 |work=[[Eurogamer]] |date=February 10, 2020 |archive-date=June 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601220807/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2020-02-09-report-system-shock-3-development-team-is-no-longer-employed |url-status=live }}</ref> While OtherSide initially stated that it was still working on the project, they later announced in May 2020, via Twitter, that [[Tencent]], one of China's largest video-game corporations, would be taking over development of the game and that they were no longer attached to it.<ref name="05gad10C">{{cite news |author1=Mariella Moon |title=Tencent is taking over troubled RPG 'System Shock 3' |url=https://www.engadget.com/tencent-is-taking-over-system-shock-3-063434560.html |access-date=May 29, 2020 |publisher=[[Engadget]] |date=May 21, 2020 |archive-date=May 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529074823/https://www.engadget.com/tencent-is-taking-over-system-shock-3-063434560.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Nightdive affirmed in August 2022 that Tencent now held the IP rights to the series, and if a third ''System Shock'' game were to be made, it would be up to Tencent as the Otherside team had since been transitioned to other projects.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/system-shocks-owner-says-its-now-up-to-tencent-if-sequels-get-made | title=System Shock's owner says it's now up to Tencent if sequels get made | date=August 27, 2022 }}</ref>

{{anchor|Enhanced Edition}}
One of the first projects Nightdive Studios did following the acquisition of the rights was to develop '''''System Shock: Enhanced Edition''''', which was released via [[GOG.com]] on September&nbsp;22, 2015 for Microsoft Windows. Similar to the ''System Shock&nbsp;2'' update, this version is intended to run on modern systems significantly easier among several other technical improvements such as the original resolution of 320×200, now boosted up to 1024×768 and 854×480 pixels in [[widescreen]] mode.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/09/22/heres-whats-new-in-system-shock-enhanced-edition |website=IGN |date=September 22, 2015 |access-date=October 15, 2015 |title=Here's What's New In System Shock: Enhanced Edition |author=Vikki Blake |archive-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020051223/http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/09/22/heres-whats-new-in-system-shock-enhanced-edition |url-status=live }}</ref> The release also includes the original version of the game, titled ''System Shock: Classic'', with support for [[Microsoft Windows]], [[OS X]] and [[Linux]].<ref name="enhanced">{{cite web |title=Release: System Shock |url=http://www.gog.com/news/release_system_shock |website=[[GOG.com]] |publisher=[[CD Projekt]] |access-date=September 22, 2015 |date=September 22, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060502/http://www.gog.com/news/release_system_shock |url-status=live }}</ref> ''System Shock: Enhanced Edition'' received very positive reviews. [[Metacritic]] calculated an average score of 85 out of 100, based on nine critic reviews.<ref name="SSEE">{{cite web |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/system-shock-enhanced-edition/critic-reviews/?platform=pc |access-date=November 12, 2015 |title=System Shock: Enhanced Edition |archive-date=October 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026022839/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/system-shock-enhanced-edition/critic-reviews |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron Farney of ''COGconnected'' said: "If you haven't played ''System Shock'' before, there’s never been a better time. Whether you’re into shooters or RPGs; or just want to experience a cyberpunk romp with a good beat, this one is for you."<ref name="SSEE" />

Shortly after the release of the ''Enhanced Edition'', Nightdive Studios announced their plans to develop [[System Shock (2023 video game)|a remake of ''System Shock'']] for [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Xbox One]] and [[PlayStation 4]], featuring improved art assets and other improvements, and reworking the game to use [[Unity (game engine)|Unity]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/11/25/9801434/system-shock-remake-first-look-art |title=System Shock is Being Reimagined, and We've Got The First Look |first=Allegra |last=Frank |date=November 25, 2015 |access-date=June 28, 2016 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archive-date=July 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716182433/http://www.polygon.com/2015/11/25/9801434/system-shock-remake-first-look-art |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="polygon gdc">{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2017/3/1/14784082/system-shock-reboot-unreal-engine |title=See what the System Shock reboot looks like in Unreal Engine |first=Christopher |last=Grant |date=March 1, 2017 |access-date=March 2, 2017 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archive-date=March 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302021147/http://www.polygon.com/2017/3/1/14784082/system-shock-reboot-unreal-engine |url-status=live }}</ref> Initially, the game was announced as ''System Shock Remastered'', though was later changed to just ''System Shock'', as Night Dive considered that the game was more of a reboot of the franchise rather than a remastering of the original game.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2016/05/15/system-shock-remastered-hits-kickstarter-this-june.aspx |title=System Shock Remastered Launches On Kickstarter This June |magazine=[[Game Informer]] |first=Elise |last=Favis |date=May 15, 2016 |access-date=May 15, 2016 |archive-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719224250/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2016/05/15/system-shock-remastered-hits-kickstarter-this-june.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/6/24/12007602/system-shock-kickstarter-campaign-rewards-screens-demo |title=SYSTEM SHOCK REBOOT OPENS FOR CROWDFUNDING NEXT WEEK — HERE'S YOUR PREVIEW |first=Allegra |last=Frank |date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=June 24, 2016 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archive-date=July 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711162226/http://www.polygon.com/2016/6/24/12007602/system-shock-kickstarter-campaign-rewards-screens-demo |url-status=live }}</ref> Originally planned for 2016, development suffered from many issues, such as a restart in development as a result of a switch of engine to [[Unreal Engine&nbsp;4]], then another restart in 2018 after Night Dive found that their vision had too much [[feature creep]]. From here, they focused on staying true to bringing a faithful version of ''System Shock'' to modern systems with minimal new additions, with release no sooner than 2020.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.pcgamer.com/nightdive-talks-system-shock-remakes-change-in-direction-expects-release-probably-q1-of-2020/ | title = Nightdive talks System Shock remake's change in direction, expects release 'probably Q1 of 2020' | first = Wes | last = Fenlon | date = March 23, 2018 | access-date = March 23, 2018 | work = [[PC Gamer]] | archive-date = March 24, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180324181931/https://www.pcgamer.com/nightdive-talks-system-shock-remakes-change-in-direction-expects-release-probably-q1-of-2020/ | url-status = live }}</ref> After multiple further delays and after seven and a half years in development, [[System Shock (2023 video game)|''System Shock'']] was released on PC on May 30, 2023, to positive reviews. Console ports released around a year later on May 21, 2024, also getting positive reviews.

In April 2018 the Mac version's [[source code]] was released by [[Nightdive Studios]] on [[GitHub]] under the [[GNU General Public License|GNU GPL-3.0-or-later]] license,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.gamedeveloper.com/programming/nightdive-shares-source-code-for-i-system-shock-i-on-mac | title = Nightdive shares source code for System Shock on Mac | first = Alex | last = Wawro | date = April 6, 2018 | access-date = April 6, 2018 | work = [[Gamasutra]] | archive-date = April 6, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180406230659/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/316257/Nightdive_shares_source_code_for_System_Shock_on_Mac.php | url-status = live }}</ref> fulfilling a 2016 given promise.<ref name="sourcecode">[https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/4pbc01/iama_founder_of_night_dive_studios_stephen_kick/d4jl1n7 IamA Founder of Night Dive Studios, Stephen Kick - We track down and restore classic video games! AMA!] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721130419/https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/4pbc01/iama_founder_of_night_dive_studios_stephen_kick/d4jl1n7 |date=2016-07-21 }} by Stephen Kick on [[reddit.com]]: ''"Lost source code is one of the things that genuinely depress me and we're currently evaluating the idea of releasing the code we've discovered and restored to anyone who wants to store it or modify it.[...] We have released the source to Strife: Veteran Edition and we are planning on releasing more code in the future."'' (22 June 2016).</ref><ref>[https://www.systemshock.org/index.php?topic=8402 System Shock Remake Feedback Request - Night Dive Studios] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610025526/https://www.systemshock.org/index.php?topic=8402 |date=June 10, 2017 }} on systemshock.org: "We've also tracked down the source code to the original game and will be releasing it to the community once it's ready." (10 February 2016).</ref> After one month of development, a [[cross-platform]] [[source port]], called "Shockolate", for modern [[compiler]]s and platforms was released by community developers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kotaku.com.au/2018/06/shockolate-is-a-cross-platform-system-shock-built-on-the-original-open-sourced-code/ |title='Shockolate' Is A Cross-Platform System Shock Built On The Original, Open-Sourced Code |author=Logan Booker |date=2018-06-16 |publisher=[[Kotaku]] |access-date=June 30, 2018 |archive-date=June 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630185843/https://www.kotaku.com.au/2018/06/shockolate-is-a-cross-platform-system-shock-built-on-the-original-open-sourced-code/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Zen Studios]] released a pinball table based on ''System Shock'' for both ''[[Pinball FX (2023 video game)|Pinball FX]]'' and ''[[Pinball FX (2023 video game)#Pinball M|Pinball M]]'' on February 15, 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-15 |title=Surprise! System Shock Is The Latest Pinball M & FX DLC Table |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2024/02/surprise-system-shock-is-the-latest-pinball-m-and-fx-dlc-table |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Nintendo Life |language=en-GB}}</ref> with the wizard mode featuring a showdown with SHODAN.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Rich Stanton |date=2024-02-22 |title=I didn't have System Shock Pinball on my 2024 list but I'll take it |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/i-didnt-have-system-shock-pinball-on-my-2024-list-but-ill-take-it/ |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=PC Gamer |language=en}}</ref> The differences between the 2 versions are cosmetic only, ''Pinball M'' has blood on the playfield whereas ''Pinball FX'' does not.

===Television series===
A planned live-action television series based on ''System Shock'' was announced in October 2021. The show will be made for Binge, a video-game-centric streaming service, to be produced by [[Allan Ungar]] and with Night Dive's Stephen Kick and Larry Kuperman serving as executive producers.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/system-shock-tv-show-in-the-works/1100-6497025/ | title = System Shock TV Show In The Works | first = Eddie | last = Makuch | date = October 13, 2021 | access-date = October 13, 2021 | work = [[GameSpot]] | archive-date = October 13, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211013131136/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/system-shock-tv-show-in-the-works/1100-6497025/ | url-status = live }}</ref> In January 2022, it was announced that [[Greg Russo (screenwriter)|Greg Russo]], screenwriter of [[Mortal Kombat (2021 film)|''Mortal Kombat'']], had been tapped to direct, write, and executive produce the series.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rosario|first=Alexandra Del|date=2022-01-27|title='Mortal Kombat' Scribe Greg Russo To Adapt 'System Shock' For Binge Live-Action Series|url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/mortal-kombat-greg-russo-adapt-system-shock-live-action-series-binge-1234920405/|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=January 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127145957/https://deadline.com/2022/01/mortal-kombat-greg-russo-adapt-system-shock-live-action-series-binge-1234920405/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{MobyGames|/system-shock}}

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