Editing T-Bone Walker

{{Short description|American blues musician and singer-songwriter (1910–1975)}}
{{for|the football player|Aaron Walker (American football)}}
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->
| name              = T-Bone Walker
| image             = T-Bone Walker in 1942.jpg
| caption           = Publicity photo of Walker, 1942
| background        = solo_singer
| birth_name        = Aaron Thibeaux Walker
| alias             = Oak Cliff T-Bone
| birth_date        = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1910|5|28}}
| birth_place       = [[Linden, Texas]], U.S.
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1975|3|16|1910|5|28}}
| death_place       = [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]], U.S.
| instrument        = {{flatlist|
* Guitar
* vocals
* piano
* banjo
* ukulele
* violin
* mandolin
}}
| genre             = {{flatlist|
* [[Electric blues]]
* [[Texas blues]]
* [[jump blues]]
* [[West Coast blues]]
}} [[Urban blues|Urban Blues]]
| occupation        = {{hlist|Musician|composer|songwriter|bandleader}}
| years_active      = 1928–1975
| label             = {{flatlist|
* [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
* [[Black & Blue Records|Black & Blue]]
* [[Black & White Records|Black & White]]
* [[Brunswick Records|Brunswick]]
* [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]
* [[Charly Records|Charly]]
* [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
* [[Duke Records|Duke]]
* [[Imperial Records|Imperial]]
* [[Modern Records|Modern]]
* [[Polydor Records|Polydor]]
* [[Reprise Records|Reprise]]
}}
| associated_acts   = {{flatlist|
* [[Blind Lemon Jefferson]]
* [[Steve Miller (musician)|Steve Miller]]
* [[Memphis Slim]]
* [[Willie Dixon]]
* [[Chuck Berry]]
}}
| website           = 
}}

'''Aaron Thibeaux''' "'''T-Bone'''" '''Walker''' (May 28, 1910 – March 16, 1975) was an American [[blues]] musician, composer, songwriter and bandleader, who was a pioneer and innovator of the [[jump blues]], [[West Coast blues]], and [[electric blues]] sounds.<ref name="AMG">{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=t-bone-walker-mn0000003829 |tab=biography |pure_url=yes}} |title=T-Bone Walker Biography |first=Bill |last=Dahl |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=17 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fwaap |title= Walker, Aaron Thibeaux (T-Bone) |first= Helen Oakley |last= Dance |author-link= Helen Oakley Dance |work= The Handbook of Texas Online |publisher= Texas State Historical Association |location= Denton |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080127150322/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/WW/fwaap.html |archive-date= 2008-01-27 |access-date= May 14, 2010}}</ref> In 2018  ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine ranked him number 67 on its list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".<ref name="RS greatest guitarists">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-guitarists-20111123/t-bone-walker-20111122 |title=100 Greatest Guitarists |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=23 November 2011 |issn=0035-791X |access-date=15 September 2017 |archive-date=22 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122013230/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-guitarists-20111123/t-bone-walker-20111122 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Biography==

===1910–1941: early years===
Aaron Thibeaux Walker was born in Linden, Texas. His parents, Movelia Jimerson and Rance Walker, were both musicians. His stepfather, Marco Washington (a member of the Dallas String Band), taught him to play the guitar, [[ukulele]], [[banjo]], [[violin]], [[mandolin]], and piano.<ref name="allaboutjazz">{{cite web |url=http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/tbonewalker |title=Profile of T-Bone Walker |first=James |last=Nadal |work=[[All About Jazz]] |access-date=17 February 2015}}</ref>

Walker began his career as a teenager in [[Dallas]] in the 1920s. His mother and stepfather were musicians, and [[Blind Lemon Jefferson]], a family friend, sometimes came over for dinner.<ref name="russell"/> Walker left school at the age of 10, and by 15,<ref name="RS greatest guitarists"/> he was a professional performer on the blues circuit. Initially, he was Jefferson's protégé and would guide him around [[Deep Ellum, Dallas]] for his gigs.<ref name="allaboutjazz"/> In 1929, Walker made his recording debut with [[Columbia Records]], billed as Oak Cliff T-Bone, releasing the single "Wichita Falls Blues" backed with "Trinity River Blues". [[Oak Cliff]] is the community in which he lived at the time, and T-Bone is a corruption of his middle name. The pianist Douglas Fernell played accompaniment on the record.<ref name="AMG"/>

Walker married Vida Lee in 1935; the couple had three children.

By the age of 25, Walker was working in clubs on [[Central Avenue (Los Angeles)|Central Avenue]], in [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], sometimes as the featured singer and as guitarist with [[Les Hite]]'s orchestra.<ref name="russell"/> In 1940 he recorded with Hite for the Varsity label, but he was featured only as a singer.<ref name="redsaun">{{cite web|author=Pruter, Robert; Campbell, Robert L. |url=http://campber.people.clemson.edu/rhumboogie.html |title=The Rhumboogie Label |access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref> He started playing electric guitar in about 1940.<ref name="AMG"/>

===1942–1975: later years===
In 1942, Charlie Glenn, the owner of the [[Rhumboogie Café]], brought T-Bone Walker to Chicago for long stints in his club. In 1944 and 1945, Walker recorded for the Rhumboogie label, which was tied to the club, backed up by [[Marl Young]]'s orchestra.<ref name="redsaun" />

T-Bone Walker performed at the second famed Cavalcade of Jazz concert held at [[Wrigley Field (Los Angeles)|Wrigley Field]] in Los Angeles produced by [[Leon Hefflin, Sr.|Leon Hefflin Sr.]] on October 12, 1946. [[Jack McVea]], [[Slim Gaillard]], [[Joe Liggins|The Honeydrippers]], [[Lionel Hampton]] and his Orchestra, and [[Louis Armstrong]] were also on the program.<ref>“SHOW TIME” Review by Wendell Green Los Angeles Sentinel Sept. 26, 1946.</ref> He performed for the third Cavalcade of Jazz concert held in the same location on September 7, 1947, along with [[Woody Herman]] as Emcee, [[Miguelito Valdés|The Valdez Orchestra]], The Blenders, [[Joe Liggins|The Honeydrippers]], [[Slim Gaillard]], [[Johnny Otis]] and his Orchestra, [[Toni Harper]], [[Johnny Moore's Three Blazers|The Three Blazers]], and [[Sarah Vaughan]].<ref>“Woody Herman, 3 Blazers, T-Bone, Others on Program” Review by Eddie Burbridge The California Eagle Sept. 4, 1947</ref>

Much of his output was recorded from 1946 to 1948 for [[Black & White Records]], including his most famous song, "[[Call It Stormy Monday (But Tuesday Is Just as Bad)]]" (1947).<ref name="AMG"/> Other notable songs he recorded during this period were "Bobby Sox Blues" (a number 3 [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] hit in 1947)<ref name="Russell 2">{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Russell|year=1997|title=The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray|publisher=Carlton Books|location=Dubai|page=13|isbn=1-85868-255-X}}</ref> and "West Side Baby" (number 8 on the R&B singles chart in 1948).<ref>{{cite web|author=Henderson, Alex |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/blues-masters-the-very-best-of-t-bone-walker-mw0000067347 |title=''Blues Masters: The Very Best of T-Bone Walker'': Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=2015-08-30}}</ref>

[[File:T-Bone Walker 1972.jpg|thumb|right|Walker at the American Folk Blues Festival in Hamburg, March 1972]]

Throughout his career Walker worked with top-notch musicians, including the [[trumpet]]er [[Teddy Buckner]] (e.g. on "[[Call It Stormy Monday (But Tuesday Is Just as Bad)]]"<ref>{{cite web|first1=Brian|last1=Bader|url=https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/tbonewalker.pdf|title="Call It Stormy Monday But Tuesday is Just as Bad"—T-Bone Walker (1947)|website=[[Library of Congress]] |page=3|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220141123/https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/tbonewalker.pdf|archive-date=December 20, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://blues.org/blues_hof_inductee/call-it-stormy-monday-but-tuesday-is-just-as-bad-t-bone-walker-black-white-1947/|title=Call it Stormy Monday (But Tuesday is Just as Bad) — T-Bone Walker (Black & White, 1947)|publisher=The Blues Foundation|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170211080913/https://blues.org/blues_hof_inductee/call-it-stormy-monday-but-tuesday-is-just-as-bad-t-bone-walker-black-white-1947/|archive-date=February 11, 2017|url-status=live|access-date=July 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mutzhimambo.com/22-almanacco-pulp/173-t-bone-walker.html|title=T-Bone Walker|language=Italian}}</ref>), the pianist [[Lloyd Glenn]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/it/T-Bone-Walker-Blues-N2/release/6228893|title=T-Bone Walker – Blues N°2, Atlantic – 332006|website=[[Discogs]] |date=30 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718123146/https://www.discogs.com/it/T-Bone-Walker-T-Bone-Blues/release/2012131|archive-date=July 18, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[double bass|bassist]] Billy Hadnott (on the LP ''Hot Leftovers'' (1985)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/it/T-Bone-Walker-Hot-Leftovers/release/3850836|title=T-Bone WalkerHot Leftovers|website=[[Discogs]] |year=1985 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718124031/https://www.discogs.com/it/T-Bone-Walker-Hot-Leftovers/release/3850836|archive-date=July 18, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and the 78 "Long Skirt Baby Blues"//"Good-Bye Blues" (1947)<ref>{{cite web|author= T-Bone Walker and His Guitar|author2= Willard McDaniels|author3=Billy Hadnott|author4= "Bumps" Myers|author5= John E. Buckner|author6=Oscar Lee Bradley| author7=Henry|url=https://archive.org/details/78_good-bye-blues_t-bone-walker-and-his-guitar-willard-mcdaniels-billy-hadnott-bumps_gbia0077354b|title=Good-Bye Blues|publisher=Black & White (123 B)|website=Internet Archive|date= 6 November 1947}}</ref>), and the [[tenor saxophone|tenor saxophonist]] [[Jack McVea]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/it/T-Bone-Walker-With-Jack-McVea-All-Stars-No-Worry-Blues-Dont-Leave-Me-Baby/release/10546387|title=T Bone Walker* With Jack McVea & All Stars* – No Worry Blues / Don't Leave Me Baby|website=[[Discogs]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718122731/https://www.discogs.com/it/T-Bone-Walker-With-Jack-McVea-All-Stars-No-Worry-Blues-Dont-Leave-Me-Baby/release/10546387|archive-date=July 18, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> (on the songs "Don't Leave Me Baby"<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=STHOmNHcC4k|title=DON'T LEAVE ME BABY by T-Bone Walker with Jack McVea|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718122603/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=STHOmNHcC4k|archive-date=July 18, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and "No Worry Blues"<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mMZrvf8JSs|title=L.A. Noire: K.T.I. Radio - Bobby Sox Blues - T-Bone Walker|date=March 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718122811/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mMZrvf8JSs|archive-date=July 18, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>).

He recorded from 1950 to 1954 for [[Imperial Records]] (backed by [[Dave Bartholomew]]). Walker's only record in the next five years was ''T-Bone Blues'', recorded during three widely separated sessions in 1955, 1956 and 1957 and released by [[Atlantic Records]] in 1959.<ref name="LarkinBlues">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Guinness Who's Who of Blues]]|editor=[[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]]|publisher=[[Guinness Publishing]]|date=1995|edition=Second|isbn=0-85112-673-1|pages=363/6}}</ref>

By the early 1960s, Walker's career had slowed down, in spite of an energetic performance at the [[American Folk Blues Festival]] in 1962 with the pianist [[Memphis Slim]] and the prolific writer and musician [[Willie Dixon]], among others.<ref name="AMG"/> However, several critically acclaimed albums followed, such as ''I Want a Little Girl'' (recorded for [[Delmark Records]] in 1968). Walker recorded in his last years, from 1968 to 1975, for Robin Hemingway's [[Music publisher (popular music)|music publishing]] company, Jitney Jane Songs. He won a [[Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording]] in 1970 for ''Good Feelin''', while signed with [[Polydor Records]], produced by Hemingway,<ref name="allaboutjazz"/> followed by another album produced by Hemingway, ''Fly Walker Airlines'', released in 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/t-bone-walker-mn0000003829/discography |title=T-Bone Walker: Discography |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=2015-08-30}}</ref>

==Death==

Walker's career began to wind down after he suffered a [[stroke]] in 1974.<ref name="AMG"/> He died at his home in [[Los Angeles]] of [[Bronchopneumonia|bronchial pneumonia]] following another stroke in March 1975, at the age of 64.<ref name="AMG"/><ref name="Blues">{{cite web |url=http://blues.about.com/od/artistprofile1/p/T-BoneWalker.htm |title=T-Bone Walker Blues Guitarist Career Profile |publisher=Blues.about.com |access-date=2015-08-30 |archive-date=2015-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906082456/http://blues.about.com/od/artistprofile1/p/T-BoneWalker.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> He influenced generations of musicians.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PpIJAQAAMAAJ&q=t-bone+walker%2Bsatanism ''Living Blues''], Living Blues Publications, 1997, p. 83. {{OCLC|3759004}}, {{ISSN|0024-5232}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://files.elfsightcdn.com/6f52c8a6-a342-4c29-9de5-da861622569e/2f3c962b-f948-430c-8909-4692d981c332.pdf|title=SIR ROD & THE BLUES DOCTORS Come Together Modern Blues Harmonica - Album Review|page=35}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Walker was posthumously inducted into the [[Blues Hall of Fame]] in 1980<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blues.org/foundation-programs/hall-of-fame/performers-in-the-blues-hall-of-fame/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150115023659/http://www.blues.org/foundation-programs/hall-of-fame/performers-in-the-blues-hall-of-fame/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 January 2015 |title=Performers in Blues Hall of Fame |work=[[Blues Foundation]] |access-date=17 February 2015 }}</ref> and the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] in [[List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees|1987]].<ref name="Blues"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://rockhall.com/inductees/t-bone-walker/ |title=T-Bone Walker: Inducted in 1987 |work=[[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] |access-date=18 May 2011}}</ref>

[[Chuck Berry]] named Walker and [[Louis Jordan]] as his main influences.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.there1.com/browse_articles.php?action=view_record&idnum=115 |title=T-Bone Walker: Blues Guitar Godfather |first=Johnny |last=Harper |work=There Productions |access-date=17 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422132041/http://www.there1.com/browse_articles.php?action=view_record&idnum=115 |archive-date=22 April 2014 }}</ref> [[B.B. King]] cited hearing Walker's recording of "Stormy Monday" as his inspiration for getting an electric guitar.<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=The Complete Imperial Recordings, 1950–1954 |year=1991 |first=Pete |last=Welding |author-link=Pete Welding |pages=9–10 |type=CD booklet |publisher=EMI Records USA |id=CDP-7-96737-2 |location=Hollywood, CA }}</ref>  In his 1996 autobiography, King commented that when he first heard Walker, he thought "Jesus Himself had returned to earth playing electric guitar. T-Bone's blues filled my insides with joy and good feeling. I became his disciple.  And remain so today.  My biggest musical debt is to T-Bone."  Blues-rock soloing pioneer [[Lonnie Mack]] named Walker his principal blues guitar influence.<ref>Liner notes to Ace, UK, CD entitled "Memphis Wham!"; See also: Dahl, Bill. "Lonnie Mack profile at" (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p438). allmusic.com. Retrieved July 27, 2011.</ref> Walker was admired by [[Jimi Hendrix]], who imitated Walker's trick of playing the guitar with his teeth.<ref name="russell">{{cite book| first= Tony| last= Russell| year= 1997| title= The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray| edition= the blues rock down| publisher= Carlton Books| location= Dubai| pages= 58–59| isbn= 1-85868-255-X}}</ref> [[Steve Miller (musician)|Steve Miller]] stated that in 1952, when he was eight, Walker taught him how to play his guitar behind his back and also with his teeth.  He was a family friend and a frequent visitor to Miller's family home and Miller considers him a major influence on his career.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.musicaficionado.com/main.html#!/article/why_steve_miller_thinks_t_bone_walker_is_king_of_the_electric_guitar_by_alanpaul|title=Why Steve Miller Thinks T-Bone Walker Is King of The Electric Guitar |access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="granberry">Michael Granberry. "Steve Miller: Dallas set him on his path to stardom", ''Dallas Morning News'', November 28, 2004, Texas Living section, page 2E.</ref>  "Stormy Monday" was a favorite live number of the [[The Allman Brothers Band|Allman Brothers Band]]. The British rock band [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]] covered Walker's "Stormy Monday" in 1968 for [[John Peel]]'s "Top Gear". [[Eva Cassidy]] performed "Stormy Monday" on her 1996 ''[[Live at Blues Alley (Eva Cassidy album)|Live at Blues Alley]]'' recording.

According to [[Cleveland.com]], Walker may have been the best R&B guitarist. He "pioneered electric blues by becoming the first artist to make the electric guitar a solo instrument and a true centerpiece of his stunning live shows".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2020/06/50-most-important-african-american-music-artists-of-all-time.html|title=50 most important African American music artists of all time|date=25 June 2020|website=Cleveland.com|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref>

==Discography==

===As leader===
* "Wichita Falls Blues"//"Trinity River Blues" (Columbia, 1929) as 'Oak Cliff T-Bone'
* "T-Bone Blues" (Varsity, 1940) with [[Les Hite]] And His Orchestra
* "[[Mean Old World]]"//"I Got a Break, Baby" (1942 [1945; 1948])
* "Evening" (1944)
* "Bobby Sox Blues" (1946)
* "I'm in an Awful Mood" (1946)
* "Call It Stormy Monday (But Tuesday Is Just as Bad)" (1947)
* "Long Skirt Baby Blues"//"Good-Bye Blues" (1947)
* "I Want a Little Girl" (1948)
* "West Side Baby" (1948)
* "T-Bone Shuffle" (1948)
* "Hypin' Women Blues" (1949)
* "Glamour Girl"//"Strollin' With Bones" (1950)
* "The Hustle is On" (1950)
* "Cold Cold Feeling" (1952)
* ''Classics in Jazz'' ([[Capitol Records|Capitol]] [10"], 1954) 
* ''T-Bone Blues'' ([[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]], 1955/1956/1957 [1959])
* ''Sings the Blues'' ([[Imperial Records|Imperial]], 1960)
* ''I Get So Weary'' (Imperial, 1961)
* ''The Great Blues Vocals and Guitar of T-Bone Walker (His Original 1945–1950 Performances)'' (Capitol, 1963)
* "Hey Hey Baby"//"Should I Let Her Go" ([[Modern Records|Modern]], 1965)
* ''The Truth'' ([[Brunswick Records|Brunswick]], 1966 [1968]) also released as ''The Legendary T-Bone Walker''
* ''[[Stormy Monday Blues (album)|Stormy Monday Blues]]'' ([[BluesWay Records|BluesWay]], 1967)
* ''[[Funky Town (T-Bone Walker album)|Funky Town]]'' (BluesWay, 1968)
* ''I Want a Little Girl'' ([[Delmark Records|Delmark]], 1968 [1973]) also released as ''Feelin' the Blues'' ([[Black & Blue Records|Black & Blue]])
* ''[[Good Feelin']]'' ([[Polydor Records|Polydor]], 1968 [1969])
* ''[[Everyday I Have the Blues (T-Bone Walker album)|Everyday I Have the Blues]]'' ([[Flying Dutchman Records|BluesTime]], 1969)
* ''[[Super Black Blues]]'' (BluesTime, 1969) with [[Big Joe Turner]], [[Otis Spann]]
* ''Super Black Blues: Volume II'' [live] (BluesTime, 1970) with [[Leon Thomas]], Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson, Big Joe Turner
* ''Stormy Monday Blues'' (Wet Soul/[[Shelby Singleton|SSS International]], 1970 [1971])
* ''Fly Walker Airlines (Live in Montreux)'' (Polydor, 1972)
* ''Well Done'' (Home Cooking, 1973) also released as ''Back on the Scene: Texas 1966''
* ''Very Rare'' ([[Reprise Records|Reprise]], 1973) 2-LP
* ''Hot Leftovers'' (Imperial [France], 1985)

===As sideman===
'''With [[Norman Granz]]' Jazz At The Philharmonic'''
* ''J.A.T.P. in London, 1969'' ([[Pablo Records|Pablo]], 1989) 2-LP; Walker does 3 songs: "Woman You Must Be Crazy", "Goin' To Chicago", and "Stormy Monday".
'''With [[Jay McShann]]'''
* ''Confessin' the Blues'' (Black & Blue, 1970; Classic Jazz, 1978)
'''With [[Eddie Vinson|Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson]]'''
* ''[[Kidney Stew is Fine]]'' (Delmark, 1969) also released as ''Wee Baby Blues'' (Black & Blue)
'''With [[Jimmy Witherspoon]]'''
* ''[[Evenin' Blues]]'' ([[Prestige Records|Prestige]], 1963)
'''With various artists'''
* ''[[The Greatest Jazz Concert in the World]]'' (Pablo, 1967 [1975]) 4-LP box set; Walker does "Woman You Must Be Crazy", and "Stormy Monday".

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Rockhall}}
*{{Discogs artist}}
*{{IMDb name|1009326}}

{{T-Bone Walker}}
{{1987 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame}}

{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Linden, Texas]]
[[Category:African-American guitarists]]
[[Category:African-American male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American blues singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American blues guitarists]]
[[Category:American male guitarists]]
[[Category:American blues mandolinists]]
[[Category:American blues pianists]]
[[Category:American male pianists]]
[[Category:American street performers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Dallas]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:Deaths from bronchopneumonia]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in California]]
[[Category:Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery]]
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Texas]]
[[Category:Electric blues musicians]]
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[[Category:Texas blues musicians]]
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[[Category:People from Oak Cliff, Texas]]
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[[Category:20th-century African-American male singers]]
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[[Category:African-American mandolinists]]
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