Editing TEC-9

{{Short description|Semi-automatic pistol}}
{{about|the firearm|the rapper whose stage name is taken from it|Tech N9ne}}
{{infobox weapon
| name               = TEC-9
| image              = kg99.jpg
| caption            = Interdynamic AB KG-99 Mini
| origin             = [[United States]]
| type               = {{ubli|[[Semi-automatic pistol]]|[[Pistol-caliber carbine]]}}
| is_ranged          = yes
| service            = 
| used_by            = 
| wars               = 
| designer           = [[George Kellgren]]
| design_date        = 
| manufacturer       = [[Intratec]]
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = 1984–2001
| number             = 257,434
| variants           = {{plainlist|
*KG-99
*TEC DC-9
*TEC DC-9M
*AB-10
*TEC-9M (Mini, 76 mm barrel, no barrel jacket, 22-round magazine)
*TEC-9S (stainless steel)<ref name="Hogg">{{cite book|last = Hogg| first = Ian| title = Jane's Infantry Weapons 1989–90 |edition=15th | publisher = Jane's Information Group| year = 1989| isbn =0-7106-0889-6| page =70}}</ref>}}
| spec_label         = 
| weight             = 1.23–1.4&nbsp;kg depending on model
| length             = 241–317&nbsp;mm depending on model
| part_length        = 76–127&nbsp;mm depending on model
| width              = 
| height             = 
| cartridge          = [[9×19mm Parabellum]]
| caliber            = [[9 mm caliber|9mm]]
| action             = [[Blowback (firearms)|Blowback-operated]], [[Semi-automatic firearm|semi-automatic]]
| rate               = 
| velocity           = {{convert|1181|ft/s|abbr=on}}
| range              = {{convert|50|m|abbr=on}}
| max_range          = 
| feed               = 10-, 20-, 32-, 36- and 50-round box magazine, 72-round [[drum magazine]]
| sights             = [[Iron sight]]
}}
The '''Intratec TEC-9''', '''TEC-DC9''', '''KG-99''', and '''AB-10''' are a line of blowback-operated semi-automatic [[pistol]]s. They were developed by [[Intratec]], an American [[subsidiary]] of the Swedish firearms manufacturer [[Interdynamic AB]]. Introduced in 1984, the TEC-9 is made of inexpensive molded [[polymer]]s and a mixture of [[Stamping (metalworking)|stamped]] and milled steel parts. The simple design of the gun made it easy to repair and modify. It was a commercial success, with over 250,000 being sold.

Similar to the [[AK-47]]'s symbolism with [[Third World]] and [[Left-wing politics|leftist]] revolutionaries and the [[Thompson submachine gun]] with [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]]-era gangsters, the TEC-9 is notorious in [[Culture of the United States|American pop culture]] for its association with [[organized crime|criminal gangs]], [[drive-by shooting|drive-by shootings]] and [[mass shooting]]s in the 1990s, with it most notably being used during the [[101 California Street shooting]] and the [[Columbine High School massacre]].

== History ==
Interdynamic AB, a Swedish [[firearm]]s manufacturer based in [[Stockholm]], designed the [[Interdynamic MP-9]], intended as an inexpensive [[9mm]] [[submachine gun]] based on the [[Carl Gustav M/45]] for military applications. The firearm was initially intended for adoption by the South African [[apartheid]] government,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Simon|first=Romero|date=August 12, 2001|title=The Nation; A Gunmaker Gone Without a Bang|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/12/weekinreview/the-nation-a-gunmaker-gone-without-a-bang.html|access-date=May 15, 2020}}</ref> though it was rejected and shipped to various other nations. Ultimately, Interdynamic did not find a government buyer.

As a result, the weapon was taken by lead designer [[George Kellgren]] to the United States domestic market as an [[open-bolt]] semi-automatic pistol, redesigned to eliminate its collapsible stock and vertical foregrip features per the [[National Firearms Act of 1934]] and marketed under the subsidiary Interdynamic USA brand. Interdynamic USA was operated by George Kellgren, Carlos Garcia and Mercedes Garcia. This company eventually became Intratec when George Kellgren left the company and Carlos Garcia renamed it Intratec.

Still, the design was deemed too easy to convert to an [[automatic weapon]]. Due to this, the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] (ATF) forced Interdynamic USA to redesign the firearm into a [[closed-bolt]] system, which was harder to convert to an automatic weapon. This variant was called the KG-99, and was popularized when it made frequent appearances on the popular television show ''[[Miami Vice]]'', where it was legally converted to full auto by [[Special Occupational Taxpayers|Title II manufacturers]].<ref name="Muramatsu2012">{{cite book|last=Muramatsu|first=Kevin |title=The Gun Digest Book of Automatic Pistols Assembly/Disassembly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAjzU4WjeLoC&pg=PA361|access-date=10 July 2013|date=18 July 2012|publisher=Gun Digest Books|location=Iola, Wisconsin|isbn=978-1-4402-3006-6|pages=361–369}}</ref><ref name="BrownAbel2010">{{cite book|author1=Peter Harry Brown|author2=Daniel G. Abel|title=Outgunned: Up Against the NRA-- The First Complete Insider Account of the Battle Over Gun Control|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgXlZjWcKUUC&pg=PA92|access-date=10 July 2013|date=15 June 2010|publisher=Free Press|isbn=978-1-4516-0353-8|pages=90–96}}</ref>

The KG-9 and KG-99 have an open-end upper receiver tube where the [[Bolt (firearms)|bolt]], recoil springs, and [[Recoil buffer|buffer plate]] are held in place by the plastic/polymer lower receiver frame. This design only allows for {{convert|115|gr|g}} 9mm ammunition, and if a heavier grain ammunition or hot loads are used, the plastic lower receiver will fail or crack, rendering the firearm unusable. Later versions of the TEC-9 and AB-10 had a [[Threading (manufacturing)|threaded]] upper receiver tube at the rear and a screw-on end cap to contain the bolt, recoil spring, and buffer plate even if removed from the lower receiver, solving the problem of lower receiver failure when using hot ammo.

=== Reputation and legislation ===
Following the 1989 [[Cleveland School massacre]], the TEC-9 was placed on [[California]]'s list of banned weapons. To circumvent this, Intratec rebranded a variant of the TEC-9 as '''TEC-DC9''' from 1990 to 1994 (with ''DC'' standing for "'''D'''esigned for '''C'''alifornia"). The most noticeable external difference between the TEC-9 and the later TEC-DC9 is that rings to hold the sling were moved from the side of the gun with the cocking handle to a removable stamped metal clip in the back of the gun. In 1993, the weapon was the subject of further controversy following its use in the 101 California Street shootings<ref>{{citation|title = Columbine Gun's Maker Closes Up; Legal Battles Ensnarled Navegar and TEC-9 Pistol|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=August 18, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/12/30/guns/index2.html |title=The hidden culprits at columbine |work=Salon |access-date=2010-01-20}}</ref> That same year, California amended the 1989 [[Roberti–Roos Assault Weapons Control Act of 1989|Roberti–Roos Assault Weapons Control Act (AWCA)]], effective January 2000, to ban handguns having features such as [[barrel shroud]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.findlaw.com/2001/Aug/1/126093.html |title=California Supreme Court Turns Back Gun Foes in Merrill v. Navegar |work=Findlaw |access-date=2010-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cpmlegal.com/publication.php?p=assault |title=Assault Weapons: The Case Against The TEC-9 |access-date=2010-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfib/courses/silveira.htm |title=Silveira v. Lockyer, 2002, 9th Circuit |access-date=2008-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725093346/http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfib/courses/silveira.htm |archive-date=2008-07-25 }}</ref> During the 1990s the TEC-9 also developed a reputation for its use by American [[street gangs]] and organized crime syndicates, who were attracted to the large capacity 32-round magazines and low cost of the firearm.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cpmlegal.com/news-publications-Assault_Weapons_The_Case_Against_The_TEC_9.html |title=Assault Weapons: The Case Against The TEC-9: Cotchett, Pitre & McCarthy, LLP |website=www.cpmlegal.com}}</ref>

The TEC-9 was produced from 1985 until 1994, when the model and TEC-DC9 variants were banned nationally in the United States, among the 19 firearms banned by name in the now-expired 1994 [[Federal Assault Weapons Ban]] (AWB).<ref name="Peterson2008">{{cite book|author=Phillip Peterson|title=Gun Digest Buyer's Guide To Assault Weapons|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fd9Qc0neMjYC&pg=PA139|access-date=10 July 2013|date=30 September 2008|publisher=Gun Digest Books|location=Iola, Wisconsin|isbn=978-1-4402-2672-4|page=139}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vpc.org/intrtec.htm |title=Intratec |publisher=Violence Policy Center |access-date=2010-01-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202071710/http://vpc.org/intrtec.htm |archive-date=2010-12-02 }}</ref> This ban forced Intratec to cease their manufacture, and forced them to introduce a newer model. The following year Intratec introduced the '''AB-10''' ("AB" standing for "'''A'''fter '''B'''an"), a TEC-9 Mini without a [[Threading (manufacturing)|threaded]] muzzle/barrel shroud and sold with a smaller 10-round magazine instead of 20- or 32-round magazines. However, the AB-10 still accepted the larger capacity magazines of the pre-ban TEC-9 models which were often acquired by users in place of the standard magazine. In 1999, the TEC-DC9 Mini was notoriously used by [[Dylan Klebold]], one of the perpetrators of the Columbine High School massacre, ending with him using it to take his own life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acolumbinesite.com/weapon.php|title = Weapons used during the shootings at Columbine High School}}</ref>

In 1994, the TEC-9 was used by murder suspect Bennie Lee Lawson in a shooting at [[Henry Daly Building]] in [[Washington D.C.]], killing two FBI agents, one police officer and wounding another FBI agent and a civilian before taking his own life.<ref name="FOUR SLAIN AT D.C. POLICE HEADQUARTERS">{{Cite web |date=1994-11-22 |title=FOUR SLAIN AT D.C. POLICE HEADQUARTERS |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/11/23/four-slain-at-dc-police-headquarters/8cf691d2-bfd5-44df-bbd5-668829d8bf54/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212084552/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/11/23/four-slain-at-dc-police-headquarters/8cf691d2-bfd5-44df-bbd5-668829d8bf54/ |archive-date=2021-02-12 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Washington Post |language=en-US}}</ref>

The TEC-9 was also used in the 1990 drive-by shooting at [[Nashville, Tennessee]] [[West End Synagogue]] by Grand Wizard of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] [[Leonard William Armstrong]].<ref name=Justia>Justia.com. US Court of Appeals, Cases & Opinions. [http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F3/49/1162/551123/ United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Jonathan David Brown, Defendant-appellant.] Retrieved December 19, 2009.</ref>

In 2001, the [[Supreme Court of California]] ruled that Intratec was not liable for the 1993 101 California Street attacks, and that same year Intratec was [[dissolution (law)|dissolved]] and production of the AB-10 model ceased.<ref name="washingtonpost">"Columbine Gun's Maker Closes Up; Legal Battles Ensnarled Navegar and TEC-9 Pistol". ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (August 18, 2001).</ref> Although still found on the used firearms market and legal on the federal level since 2004, the TEC-9 and similar variants are banned, often by name, in several US states including California, [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], and [[Maryland]].<ref>{{cite news|title=New Jersey Gun Owners Decry Ban Critics Were Legion At A Sports Shop. They Hope For A Senate Override Tomorrow Of Florio's Veto.|url=http://articles.philly.com/1993-03-14/news/25948755_1_gun-ban-gun-stores-tec-9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714185237/http://articles.philly.com/1993-03-14/news/25948755_1_gun-ban-gun-stores-tec-9|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 14, 2014|access-date=2014-03-25|date=March 14, 1993|author=Edward Colimore|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer}}</ref>

===Imitation made illegally in Europe===
Quantities of an illegally-made 9mm [[machine pistol]] were seized in Europe in 2017. Despite being [[Improvised firearm|improvised weapons]] (and not developed by Intratec) they were nonetheless marked as "Intratec TEC-9", believed to possibly have been done as a means to improve the street value of the weapon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=3925|title=Unknown Submachine Gun with Fake Markings Seized in Europe – Small Arms Defense Journal}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Claridge Hi-Tec/Goncz Pistol]]
* [[Intratec TEC-22]]
* [[Kimel AP-9]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.survivorlibrary.com/library/intratec_tec9_sub_machinegun.pdf Manual TEC-9 TEC-9 Mini TEC-9 Stainless]
* [https://archive.org/details/interdynamic-kg-99-manual_ KG-99 Manual] at [[Internet Archive|Archive.org]]

{{commons category|Intratec TEC-DC9}}

{{Front-magazine pistols}}

[[Category:9mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols]]
[[Category:Front-magazine pistols]]
[[Category:Simple blowback firearms]]
[[Category:Semi-automatic pistols of the United States]]
[[Category:Gun politics in the United States]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1984]]