Editing Tahmasp II

{{Short description|Safavid Shah of Persia from 1729 to 1732}}{{Inline citations|date=December 2023}}{{Infobox monarch
| title        = 
| name         = Tahmasp II
| full name    = 
| succession   = [[List of monarchs of Persia|Shah of Iran]]
| image        = Nadir at the court of Shah Tahmasp II.jpg
| caption      = Court scene with Tahmasp II in the centre, and [[Nader Shah|Nader]] to his left. From a illustrated Indian copy of the ''[[Jahangosha-ye Naderi]]'', dated 1757/58
| reign        = 10 November 1722 – 16 April 1732
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = [[Soltan Hoseyn]] ([[Qazvin]])<br>[[Ashraf Hotak]] ([[Isfahan]])
| successor    = [[Abbas III]]
| royal house  = [[Safavid dynasty|Safavi]]
| spouse       = Shahpari Begum
| issue        = [[Abbas III]]<br>Hossein<br>Esmat-nesa begum
| father       = [[Soltan Hoseyn]]
| mother       = 
| birth_date   = 1704
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1740|2|11|1704|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Sabzevar]]
| place of burial = 
}}
'''Tahmasp II''' ({{langx|fa|شاه تهماسب دوم|translit=Ṭahmāsb}}; 1704? – 11 February 1740) was the penultimate [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] [[shah]] of [[Safavid Iran|Iran]], ruling from 1722 to 1732.

== Name ==
''Tahmasp'' ({{langx|fa|طهماسب|translit=Ṭahmāsb}}) is a [[New Persian]] name, ultimately derived from [[Iranian languages#Old Iranian|Old Iranian]] ''*''{{Lang|ira-Latn|ta(x)ma-aspa}}, meaning "having valiant horses."{{sfn|Hinz|1975|p=232}} The name is one of the few instances of a name from the ''[[Shahnameh]]'' being used by an Islamic-era dynasty based in Iran.{{sfn|Ansari|2012|p=25 (see note 74)}} In the ''Shahnameh'', Tahmasp is the father of [[Zaav]], the penultimate shah of the [[Pishdadian dynasty]].{{sfn|Justi|1895|p=319}}

==Biography==
Tahmasp was the son of [[Soltan Hoseyn]], the [[Shah]] of Iran at the time. When Soltan Hoseyn was forced to abdicate by the [[Pashtuns|Afghans]] in 1722, Prince Tahmasp wished to claim the throne.{{cn|date=August 2023}} From the [[Siege of Isfahan|besieged]] Safavid capital, [[Isfahan]], he fled to [[Qazvin]], where he on 10 November 1722 declared himself shah and assumed the regnal name of Tahmasp II.{{sfn|Roemer|1986|p=326}} He gained the support of the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims]] of the [[Caucasus]] (even that of the previously rebellious [[Lezgins]]), as well as several [[Qizilbash]] tribes (including the Afshars, under the control of Iran's future ruler, [[Nader Shah]]).

===Russo-Persian War===
{{main|Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)}}
In June 1722, [[Peter the Great]], the then [[tsar]] of the neighbouring [[Russian Empire]], declared war on Safavid Iran in an attempt to expand Russian influence in the [[Caspian Sea|Caspian]] and [[Caucasus]] regions and to prevent its rival, [[Ottoman Empire]], from territorial gains in the region at the expense of declining Safavid Iran.

The Russian victory ratified for Safavid Irans' cession of their territories in the [[North Caucasus|Northern]], [[Southern Caucasus]] and contemporary mainland Northern Iran, comprising the cities of [[Derbent]] (southern [[Dagestan]]) and [[Baku]] and their nearby surrounding lands, as well as the provinces of [[Gilan province|Gilan]], [[Shirvan]], [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]], and [[Astrabad]] to Russia per the [[Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723)]].<ref>William Bayne Fisher, P. Avery, G. R. G. Hambly, C. Melville. [https://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&dq=treaty+of+saint+petersburg+1723&pg=PA322 ''The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7''] Cambridge University Press, 10 okt. 1991 {{ISBN|0521200954}} p 319</ref>
[[File:Persia, scià thamasp II, decuplo afshari d'oro, 1722-1732.JPG|thumb|A gold coin of Shah Abbas III.]]
Tahmasp also eventually gained the recognition of both the [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Russia]], each worried about the other gaining too much influence in Iran.{{vague|date=July 2015}}

By 1729, Tahmasp had control of most of the country. Quickly after his [[Tahmasp's campaign of 1731|foolhardy Ottoman campaign of 1731]], he was deposed by the future [[Nader Shah]] in 1732 in favor of his son, [[Abbas III]]; both were murdered at [[Sabzevar]] in 1740 by Nader Shah's eldest son [[Reza-qoli Mirza]].

==See also==
* [[Tahmasp's campaign of 1731]]
* [[Ottoman–Persian War (1730–35)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |chapter=Coinage and the monetary system|first=Alexander V. |last=Akopyan|title=The Safavid World|editor-first=Rudi |editor-last=Matthee |publisher=Routledge |pages = 285–309|year=2021}}
* {{cite book | last = Ansari | first = Ali Mir | title = The Politics of Nationalism in Modern Iran | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-0521687171 }}
* {{cite book | title = Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire | year = 2008 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | last = Newman | first = Andrew J. | pages = 1–281 | isbn = 9780857716613 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KPgBAwAAQBAJ&q=Andrew+J.+Newman+Safavid+Iran}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Hinz|first1=Walther|date=1975|title=Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen|journal=Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica|volume=3|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz|language=de|location=Wiesbaden|url=https://archive.org/details/AltiranischesSprachgutDerNebenberlieferungen/page/n115/mode/2up}}
* {{cite book|last1=Justi|first1=Ferdinand|authorlink=Ferdinand Justi|date=1895|title=Iranisches Namenbuch|url=https://archive.org/details/IranischesNamenbuch|publisher=N. G. Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|language=de|location=Marburg}}
* {{cite book | title = Slaves of the Shah: New Elites of Safavid Iran | year = 2004 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | last = Babaie | first = Sussan | pages = 1–218 | isbn = 9781860647215 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2BMVnw9JQh8C}}
* {{cite book | title = The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Timurid and Safavid periods | year = 1986 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | last = Roemer | first = H.R. | chapter = The Safavid period | pages = 189–351 | isbn = 9780521200943 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LZ0-2BIR8BQC&q=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran+safavid}}
* Lawrence Lockhart, ''Nadir Shah'' (London, 1938)
*[http://www.hayq.org/book/rebellion/ The Armenian Rebellion of the 1720s and the Threat of Genocidal Reprisal], [[Armen Ayvazyan]], Yerevan 1997

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{{Succession box | before = [[Soltan Hoseyn]] ([[Qazvin]])<br>[[Ashraf Hotak]] ([[Isfahan]]) | title = [[List of monarchs of Persia|Shah of Iran]] | years =10 November 1722 – 1732 | after = [[Abbas III]]}}
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{{Safavid Rulers}}

{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1704 births]]
[[Category:1740 deaths]]
[[Category:Safavid monarchs]]
[[Category:Khans of Erivan]]
[[Category:People of the Russo-Persian Wars]]
[[Category:18th-century monarchs of Persia]]
[[Category:People murdered in 1740]]


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