Editing Talca

{{short description|City in Chile}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{for|the moth genus|Talca (moth)}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Talca
|native_name =
|image_skyline = Montaje de Talca.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = '''1º row:''' Andes mountains in Talca. '''2º row:''' (left) Town square of Talca, (centre-top) Catholic University of the Maule, (centre-down) Ancient Library of the University of Talca, (right) architectural contrasts. '''3º row:''' Old Intendancy of Maule, statue of Bernardo O'Higgins, BCI Bank. '''4º row:''' 1 Norte street, St. Augustine Cathedral, and 1 Sur street. '''5º row:''' Nocturnal cityscape of Talca.
|image_flag =
|flag_alt = Flag
|image_shield = Escudo de Talca.svg
|shield_alt = Coat of arms
|image_map = Comuna de Talca.svg
|map_caption = Location of Talca commune in Maule Region
|map_alt = Location of Talca commune in Maule Region
|pushpin_map            = Chile
| pushpin_map_narrow = yes
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Chile
|coor_pinpoint = 
|coordinate_footnotes = 
|subdivision_type = [[Regions of Chile|Region]]
|subdivision_name = [[Maule Region]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Chile|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Talca Province]]
| government_footnotes =<ref name="Official">{{Cite web |url=http://www.talca.cl/ |title=Municipality of Talca |access-date=January 22, 2010 |language=es}}</ref><ref name="Munitel">{{cite web |url=http://www.munitel.cl/ |title=Asociación Chilena de Municipalidades|access-date=January 22, 2010 |language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419202659/http://www.munitel.cl/|archive-date=April 19, 2011}}</ref>
| government_type         = Municipality
| leader_title            = [[Alcalde]]
| leader_name = Juan Carlos Díaz Avendaño
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = May 12, 1742
|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes          =<ref name="INE-old">{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php |title=National Statistics Institute |access-date=July 28, 2010 |language=es}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 231.5
|population_as_of = 2015 Census
|population_note =
|settlement_type = [[List of cities in Chile|City]] and [[Communes of Chile|Commune]]
|population_total = 233339
|population_footnotes =<ref name="INE">{{cite web |url=http://reportescomunales.bcn.cl/2015/index.php/Talca |title=National Statistics Institute |access-date=April 28, 2017 |language=es}}</ref>
|population_demonym      = Talquino
|population_blank1_title = Urban
|population_blank1       = 
|population_blank2_title = Rural
|population_blank2       = 
|demographics_type1      = Sex
|population_density_km2  = auto
|demographics1_footnotes =<ref name="INE"/>
|demographics1_title1    = Men
|demographics1_info1     = 111,796
|demographics1_title2    = Women
|demographics1_info2     = 121,543
|timezone = [[Time in Chile|CLT]]
| utc_offset = −4
|timezone_DST = [[Time in Chile|CLST]]
| utc_offset_DST = −3
|coordinates             = {{coord|35|25|37|S|71|39|56|W|region:CL-ML|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type        = Postal code
|postal_code             = 3460000
|area_code_type          = 
|area_code               = 56 (country) + 712 (Talca Province) 
|elevation_m             = 102
|blank_name              = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
|blank_info              = [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|Csb]]
|website ={{url|talca.cl/}} {{in lang|es}}
|footnotes =
}}

'''Talca''' ({{IPA|es|ˈtalka}}) is a [[List of cities in Chile|city]] and [[Communes of Chile|commune]] in [[Chile]] located about {{convert|255|km|0|abbr=on}} south of [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], and is the capital of both [[Talca Province]] and [[Maule Region]] (7th Region of Chile). As of the 2012 census, the city had a population of 201,142.

The city is an important economic center, with agricultural (wheat) and manufacturing activities, as well as wine production. It is also the location of the [[Universidad de Talca]] and the [[Catholic University of Maule]], among others. The Catholic Church of Talca has held a prominent role in the history of Chile.

==Demographics==
According to the 2002 census of the [[National Statistics Institute (Chile)|National Statistics Institute]], Talca spans an area of {{convert|231.5|sqkm|0|abbr=on}} and had, in that year, 201,797 inhabitants. Of these, in 2002, 193,755 (96%) lived in urban areas and 8,042 (4%) in rural areas.<ref name= "INE-old"/> The city had about 233,339 inhabitants (111,796 men and 121,543 women), according to the 2015 census. The population grew by 15.63% (31,542 persons) between the 2002 and 2015 censuses.<ref name= "INE"/>

==History==
{{main|Founding of Talca}}

The city was founded in 1692 by [[Tomás Marín de Poveda]] and refounded as '''Villa San Agustín de Talca''' in 1742 by [[José Antonio Manso de Velasco]].<ref name="utalca">{{cite web |url=http://www.utalca.cl/english/htm/location/region.htm |title=Maule Region |access-date=July 30, 2008 |publisher=[[Universidad de Talca]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080314030726/http://www.utalca.cl/english/htm/location/region.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = March 14, 2008}}</ref>

The city played a role in Chile's independence. For example, the siege of Talca took place there on March 4, 1814, and the [[Battle of Cancha Rayada (1814)|Battle of Cancha Rayada]] on March 29 and the [[Battle of Cancha Rayada (1818)|Second battle of Cancha Rayada]], on March 16. 1818. Also, on February 12, 1818, [[Bernardo O'Higgins]] signed the Chilean declaration of independence.<ref name="utalca"/>

[[Talca Province]] was founded in 1833. This ended the dependency of Colchagua Province. Also, Talca was a focus of insurrection during the revolutions of 1851 and 1859.

Talca was partially destroyed by the [[1928 Talca earthquake]] and the [[2010 Chile earthquake]], being rebuilt both times. It sits near the epicenter of the 2010 8.8 magnitude earthquake and suffered severe shaking<ref>[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/us/2010tfan/us/index.html Intensity of shaking in cities around the 2010 Chilean earthquake from USGS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113092429/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/us/2010tfan/us/index.html |date=January 13, 2016 }}</ref> causing the collapse of much of the historic town centre.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/8540473.stm Images of earthquake including collapse of Talca historic centre]</ref>

==Administration==
[[Image:Talca Municipalidad.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Municipal building of Talca]]
As a commune, Talca is a third-level [[administrative division of Chile]] administered by a [[municipal council]], headed by an [[alcalde]] who is directly elected every four years. The 2008–2012 alcalde is Juan Castro Prieto (Independent Democratic Union, centre-right).<ref name="Official"/><ref name="Munitel" />

Within the [[electoral divisions of Chile]], Talca is represented in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]] by Sergio Aguiló ([[Socialist Party of Chile|PS]]) and Germán Verdugo ([[National Renewal (Chile)|RN]]) as part of the 37th electoral district, which consists entirely of the Talca commune. The commune is represented in the [[Senate of Chile|Senate]] by Juan Antonio Coloma Correa ([[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]]) and Andrés Zaldívar Larraín ([[Christian Democratic Party|PDC]]) as part of the 10th senatorial constituency (Maule-North).

==Geography==
The commune of Talca spans an area of {{convert|231.5|sqkm|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="INE-old"/> The city of Talca is located {{convert|250|km|0|abbr=on}} south of [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]],<ref name="utalca"/> south of the confluence of the rivers [[Lircay River|Lircay]] and [[Claro River (Maule)|Claro]], in the [[Chilean Central Valley|Central Valley]]. The city is bisected by the [[Pan-American Highway]].

===Climate===
Talca has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|Csb]]) with dry summers and wet winters, though it is hotter in summer and cooler in winter than coastal cities like Valparaíso and Concepción.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Talca (1976–2005)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 30.3
|Feb high C = 29.5
|Mar high C = 26.8
|Apr high C = 21.5
|May high C = 16.4
|Jun high C = 13.4
|Jul high C = 13.1
|Aug high C = 15.3
|Sep high C = 18.1
|Oct high C = 21.6
|Nov high C = 25.4
|Dec high C = 28.7
|year high C = 21.7
|Jan mean C = 21.2
|Feb mean C = 20.3
|Mar mean C = 17.4
|Apr mean C = 13.4
|May mean C = 10.5
|Jun mean C = 8.7
|Jul mean C = 7.9
|Aug mean C = 9.1
|Sep mean C = 11.3
|Oct mean C = 14.1
|Nov mean C = 17.1
|Dec mean C = 20.1
|year mean C = 14.2
|Jan low C = 12.4
|Feb low C = 11.9
|Mar low C = 9.8
|Apr low C = 7.5
|May low C = 6.3
|Jun low C = 5.1
|Jul low C = 4.2
|Aug low C = 4.5
|Sep low C = 5.8
|Oct low C = 7.6
|Nov low C = 9.6
|Dec low C = 11.9
|year low C = 8.1
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 4.0
|Feb rain mm = 3.9
|Mar rain mm = 13.3
|Apr rain mm = 33.8
|May rain mm = 115.8
|Jun rain mm = 146.2
|Jul rain mm = 155.1
|Aug rain mm = 85.9
|Sep rain mm = 53.1
|Oct rain mm = 34.3
|Nov rain mm = 19.4
|Dec rain mm = 11.5
|year rain mm = 676.2
|Jan humidity = 58.2
|Feb humidity = 62.7
|Mar humidity = 69.4
|Apr humidity = 78.1
|May humidity = 86.9
|Jun humidity = 89.5
|Jul humidity = 88.7
|Aug humidity = 85.0
|Sep humidity = 79.2
|Oct humidity = 72.7
|Nov humidity = 64.1
|Dec humidity = 58.9
|year humidity = 74.4
|Jan sun = 359.6
|Feb sun = 288.2
|Mar sun = 263.5
|Apr sun = 168.0
|May sun = 105.4
|Jun sun = 75.0
|Jul sun = 93.0
|Aug sun = 145.7
|Sep sun = 183.0
|Oct sun = 248.0
|Nov sun = 300.0
|Dec sun = 337.9
|year sun = 
|source 1 = University de Talca<ref name="climate">{{cite web |publisher=[[University of Talca]] |url=http://www.citrautalca.cl/html/agroclimatologia/resumen_datos_meteorologicos_talca.html |title=Resumen de datos meteorológicos de Talca |language=es| access-date = November 21, 2014}}</ref>
|date=May 2012
}}

==Transportation==
Talca has a public bus system managed by the municipal Department of Transportation.<ref name="Official"/> The routes are tracked through [[Moovit]].<ref name="Moovit">{{Cite web |url=https://moovitapp.com/index/es-419/transporte_p%C3%BAblico-Talca-Talca-site_14546957-3809 |title=¿Cómo llegar en Autobús a Talca?  |access-date=June 6, 2022 |language=es}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Talca plaza.JPG|A garden pavilion in Plaza de Armas (Armas Square)
Image:Talca Museo.JPG|O'Higginian Historical Museum (Museo Histórico O'Higginiano)
Image:Talca 1 sur.jpg|Calle Sur de Talca (Talca Southern Street)
Image:28quake.jpg|Aftermath in damage at Talca Cathedral, by 1928 Talca earthquake
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Agustín Abarca]]
*[[Maule River]]
*[[Descabezado Grande]]
*[[Radal Siete Tazas National Reserve]]
*[[Altos de Lircay National Reserve]]
* [[Juan Albano Pereira Márquez]]
* [[Carolina Huidobro]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons+cat|Talca}}
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.talca.cl/ Municipality of Talca]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091021073508/http://betweencreation.com/art/urban-umbrella/ '''Urban Umbrella''' Architectural Exhibition]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070115215317/http://www.talcaurbano.cl/ Talca's Gate]
* [http://www.elamaule.cl El aMaule]
* [http://www.diariolaprensa.cl La Prensa]
* [http://www.diarioelcentro.cl/ El Centro]
* [http://www.delmaule.cl/ WWW.DELMAULE.CL]

{{Cities_in the_Maule_Region}}
{{Communes in Maule Region}}
{{Large cities of Chile}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places in Talca Province|.]]
[[Category:Communes of Chile]]
[[Category:Capitals of Chilean regions]]
[[Category:Capitals of Chilean provinces]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1742]]
[[Category:1740s establishments in the Captaincy General of Chile]]
[[Category:1740s establishments in the Viceroyalty of Peru]]
[[Category:1742 establishments in the Spanish Empire]]