Editing Talpiot

{{Short description|Neighborhood in Jerusalem, Israel}}
{{For|the elite academic program affiliated with the Israel Defense Forces|Talpiot program}}
{{otheruses}}
[[File:HadarS.jpg|thumb|300px|Kenyon Hadar shopping mall on [[Marie-Pierre Kœnig|Pierre Koenig]] Street in Talpiot]]
'''Talpiot''' ({{langx|he|תלפיות}}, literally 'turrets' or 'magnificently built') is an Israeli neighborhood in southeastern [[Jerusalem]], established in 1922 by [[Zionist]] pioneers. It was built as a [[garden suburb]] on land purchased by the [[Tel Aviv]]-based [[Palestine Land Development Company]] and other Jewish building societies.<ref name="google.co.il">{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=KzOAxmHDzHUC |page=169 }} |title=Jerusalem and Its Environs |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=2001 |page=169 |access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref>

Talpiot has become a major commercial center and a hub of nonprofit organizations.<ref name="After nearly 20 years in Talbiyeh">{{cite web|title=AACI renews its services |url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/muni/messages/item_news_en.asp?msg_id=10063&cat=37&sec_id=77|access-date=February 23, 2014 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223182831/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/muni/messages/item_news_en.asp?msg_id=10063&cat=37&sec_id=77 |archive-date=February 23, 2014 }}</ref> The Talpiot industrial zone is one of the largest in the country, with plans for expansion as a center of shopping, entertainment and industry.<ref name="haaretz.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/business/business-in-brief.premium-1.491341|title=Business in Brief|date=2 January 2013|work=Haaretz.com|access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref>

Today Arnona and Talpiot are used interchangeably with no real distinction between them.<ref>https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/jerusalems-legendary-neighborhood-for-authors-celebrates-centennial-675330</ref>

==Etymology==
[[File:TalpiotArnonaFeb252023 01.jpg|An aerial view of the neighbourhood|thumb]]
The name ''Talpiot'' derives from a verse in [[Song of Songs]] 4:4: "Thy neck is like the tower of David, built with turrets". According to rabbinic sources, Talpiot refers to the Temple. It was said to be a compound of the Hebrew words {{transliteration|he|tel}} (hill) and {{transliteration|he|piyot}} (mouths), as in "the hill to which all mouths turn in prayer".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-6880963/Talpiot-s-tels-and-turrets.html#abstract |title=Talpiot's tels and turrets: a look at my old neighborhood.(Israel)(Geographic overview) Industry & Business Article |publisher=Goliath.ecnext.com |date=May 1, 2007 |access-date=October 11, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615153533/http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-6880963/Talpiot-s-tels-and-turrets.html#abstract |archive-date=June 15, 2011 }}</ref>

==History==
In the 1920s, the [[Bauhaus]] architect [[Richard Kauffmann]] presented the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate]] authorities with a plan for Talpiot, which he designed as a [[garden suburb]]. The plan included a large building that he envisioned as a future parliament, redesignated as an art gallery to appease the doubters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/building/architecture/eng/art1_prologue_eng.htm|title=The Knesset Building in Givat Ram: Planning and Construction|publisher=Knesset.gov.il|access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref> The first residents were clerical and office personnel. Living in the neighbourhood required membership in a mutual society to which dues were paid.<ref name="google.co.il"/> Despite a British Mandate regulation stating that all buildings in Jerusalem must be made of [[Jerusalem stone]], developers in Talpiot were permitted to use stucco-covered concrete because of the high demand for housing.<ref>{{cite book | author = Ruth Kark and Michal Oren-Nordheim | title = Jerusalem and its Environs | page = 187 | publisher = Hebrew University Magnes Press | year =2001 | isbn = 0814329098 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KzOAxmHDzHUC&pg=PA187}}</ref>

[[File:ירושלים - שכונת תלפיות.-JNF044398.jpeg|thumb|Talpiot 1931]]
The early settlers were evacuated from Talpiot in the wake of the [[1929 Hebron massacre]], but they later returned. When the British left Jerusalem in May 1948, a [[Haganah]] military brigade launched [[Operation Kilshon]] to seize security zones that had been occupied by the British and defend Jerusalem against attacks by the [[Arab Legion]]. The British army camp in Talpiot, known as Mahane [[Allenby]], was one of the strategic sites captured in the operation.<ref>"War of Independence," ''Encyclopedia of Zionism and Israel,'' p. 1196, Herzl Press & McGraw Will, New York, 1971</ref>

After the [[1947–1949 Palestine war]], Talpiot became the frontier, surrounded by [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|Jordanian-ruled East Jerusalem]], but Israelis continued to live there. The neighbourhood expanded significantly after the 1967 [[Six-Day War]]. New residential districts were established in the enclave formerly controlled by the United Nations, which had been a [[no man's land]]. A tent camp established on the western outskirts of Talpiot for immigrants after Israel's independence was replaced by a large [[industrial region|industrial zone]] to house the businesses evicted from [[Mamilla]].

On May 24, 2001, the third floor of the [[Versailles wedding hall disaster|Versailles wedding hall]] in Talpiot collapsed during a wedding party, killing 23 and injuring more than 200. The collapse was blamed on poor construction, using a system called Pal-Kal which was deemed unfit for public buildings. The incident is considered one of Israel's worst civil disasters.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/24/newsid_4530000/4530071.stm|title=BBC ON THIS DAY - 24 - 2001: Israel wedding party tragedy|date=24 May 2001|publisher=News.bbc.co.uk|access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Talpiot2006.jpg|thumb|250px|Talpiot industrial zone, 2006]]
Talpiot today consists of several districts. "Old Talpiot" is the historic residential neighborhood founded in 1922. Adjacent and south of this is [[Arnona]], founded in 1931 but largely undeveloped until the 1980s. North Talpiot, built after 1967, offers panoramic views of the [[Hinnom]] and [[Kidron Valley]]s, and the [[Old City (Jerusalem)|Old City]]. Across [[Derech Hevron]] to the west is the Talpiot industrial zone, now one of Jerusalem's main shopping districts. To the east is the neighborhood of [[East Talpiot]], also known as Armon HaNetziv. Mahane Allenby was torn down and eight-story residential towers were built on the land. A parcel remains undeveloped, awaiting the relocation of the US Embassy from Tel Aviv.

The main offices of the US Consulate General in Jerusalem were relocated to the eastern ridge of Talpiot in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jerusalem.usconsulate.gov/about_the_embassy.html |title=About the Consulate |publisher=jerusalem.usconsulate.gov |access-date=November 8, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707013844/http://jerusalem.usconsulate.gov/about_the_embassy.html |archive-date=July 7, 2010 }}</ref> In 2018 the embassy of USA relocated from Tel Aviv to the premises of the consulate in the Talpiot neighborhood in Jerusalem. <ref>https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/watch-live-america-completes-historic-embassy-move-to-jerusalem-556364</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:Houses in Talpiot neighborhood, Jerusalem. 1925 (id.14516420).jpg|A house in the neighbourhood, 1925.|thumb]]
The Talpiot Industrial Zone is one of the largest in the country, with an annual turnover of NIS600 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/business/israeli-supermarkets-price-wars-come-to-jerusalem.premium-1.480542|title=Israeli supermarkets' price wars come to Jerusalem|date=26 November 2012|work=Haaretz.com|access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref>  Indoor [[shopping mall]]s in Talpiot include Kanyon Yisrael on Yad Haharutzim St., Kanyon Hadar on [[Marie-Pierre Kœnig|Pierre Koenig]] St., Kanyon Lev Talpiot on HaUman St. and Kanyon Rav Mecher on HaParsa St. In addition the area is home to numerous [[strip mall]]s, [[Light industry|light manufacturing]] workshops, warehouses, [[car dealership]]s and the largest concentration of [[auto repair shop]]s in Jerusalem.

==Urban development==
In 2013, the Jerusalem District Planning and Building Committee approved a new master plan for the Talpiot industrial zone, adding 600,000 square meters of construction including 3,500 new residential units on the edge of the industrial zone and more space for offices, industry and commerce. The idea is to separate the residential, business and industrial sections of the neighborhood while boosting the presence of high-tech companies, academic institutions, offices, banquet halls, movie theaters, health clinics and art galleries.<ref name="haaretz.com"/>

==Arts and culture==
'Yellow Submarine', established in 1991 by the [[Jerusalem Foundation]] in the Talpiot industrial zone, is a performance space for musicians with rehearsal-rooms, a recording studio and a nightclub.

"Studio One Jerusalem", a recording studio, opened in Talpiot in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|author=IL |url=https://www.myspace.com/studio1israel |title=Studio One recording studio |publisher=Myspace.com |access-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105014848/https://myspace.com/studio1israel|archive-date=January 5, 2015}}</ref> [[Israel Hershberg]], an American figurative painter established the [[Jerusalem Studio School]] on the top floor of an industrial building in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/content/module/2010/7/14/main-feature/1/in-the-garden-of-eden/r|title=Jewish Ideas Daily » Daily Features » In the Garden of Eden|publisher=Jewishideasdaily.com|access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref>

Talpiot has become a hub of Jerusalem nightlife, with a [[multiplex cinema]], a [[bowling]] alley, a [[Pool (cue sports)|pool hall]], and dozens of bars, [[nightclub]]s and discos, including one of Israel's oldest and most popular nightclubs, [[Haoman 17]].

Non-profit organizations located in Talpiot include the [[Association of Americans and Canadians in Israel]], El HaLev, a center for [[women's empowerment]], the [[Pardes Institute of Jewish Studies]], Melabev, a center for English-speaking senior citizens, and the Israel Free Loan Society.<ref name="After nearly 20 years in Talbiyeh" />

==Landmarks==
In 1980, the [[Talpiot Tomb]] aka [[Jesus Family Tomb]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jesusfamilytomb.com/|title=Jesus Tomb *Official Site* The Lost Tomb of Jesus|website=jesusfamilytomb.com}}</ref> was discovered. This very controversial archaeological site contained nine [[ossuaries]] inscribed with "Y'shua bar Yosef"/Jesus son of Joseph and other family members.

[[File:The Lower Aqueduct IMG 1437.JPG|thumb|200px|Mosaic map of the aqueducts in E. Talpiot, near the UN Headquarters ([[Armon HaNetziv]])]]

===Tayelet===

Connecting East Talpiot and Talpiot is the Haas Promenade ({{Script/Hebrew|הטיילת}}&nbsp;– ''ha-Tayelet''). Together with the Sherover and Goldman Promenades, the three form a continuous public park from the Government House used by the UN <ref>https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/349208</ref> and Jabl Mukabar to the east to [[Abu Tor]] to the north. From this vantage point atop a ridge overlooking Jerusalem's Old City and the [[Dead Sea]], tradition holds{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} that [[Abraham]] was shown [[Moriah|Mount Moriah]] as the site for the [[binding of Isaac]] as recorded in the [[Bible]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2022:%209-11;&version=31; |title=Genesis 22: 9–11 |publisher=Biblegateway.com |access-date=October 11, 2011}}</ref> Hidden under this ridge are the remains of an [[aqueduct (watercourse)|aqueduct]] built by [[Herod the Great]] to bring water from the south, by way of his summer palace [[Herodium]], to the [[Second Temple]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ksm-a.com/english/Product.aspx?Product=47&Category=8 |title=Rhoda Goldman Promenade |publisher=Ksm-a.com |access-date=October 11, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713172642/http://www.ksm-a.com/english/Product.aspx?Product=47&Category=8 |archive-date=July 13, 2011 }}</ref>

This area was a no man's land in the period between the establishment of the [[State of Israel]] in 1948 and the [[reunification of Jerusalem]] in 1967. At one end of the promenade, on the Hill of Evil Counsel, is the [[United Nations]] Middle East Headquarters, located in the former Palace of the British High Commissioner (''Armon HaNetziv'').

The Jerusalem [[Peace Forest]] descends along the slope below the Promenade. The Jerusalem municipality plants a tree in this forest for every child born in Jerusalem{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}, representing the eternal hope of peace bridging the Arab and Jewish populations.

Every year, on the 29th day of Heshvan, the [[Ethiopian Jewish]] community gathers at the Promenade to mark the [[Sigd]] holiday.<ref>{{cite web|last=Farada |first=Ayanawu |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=652764 |title=Thousands of Ethiopians celebrate Sigad holiday |publisher=Haaretz.com |access-date=October 11, 2011}}</ref>

===World War I cemetery===

[[File:Jerusalem Indian Cemetery IMG 7085.JPG|thumb|Indian cemetery, Talpiot]]
A cemetery for Indian soldiers who died fighting for the British Army in World War I is located in Talpiot. Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims are buried there in common graves, with monuments inscribed in English, Hebrew, Sanskrit and Urdu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Local-Israel/In-Jerusalem/Street-Stroll-Rehov-Klausner|title=Street Stroll: Rehov Klausner|work=The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com|date=16 July 2010 |access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref> 290 Turkish soldiers who died as prisoners of war in September and October 1918 are buried in a separate section.<ref>https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/72111/jerusalem-indian-war-cemetery/</ref>

==Notable residents==
[[File:Shmuel Yosef Agnon, 1924.jpg|thumb|160px|[[Shmuel Yosef Agnon]]]]
[[Shmuel Yosef Agnon]], winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]], settled in Talpiot in 1924 and wrote most of his important works there. After his death, his home was turned into a museum, [[Beit Agnon]], where his study has been preserved intact.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://agnonhouse.org.il/english/| title=Agnon House| work=agnonhouse.org.il}}</ref>

One of Agnon's neighbors was the eminent scholar [[Joseph Klausner]], uncle of Israeli author [[Amos Oz]]. In his autobiographical novel ''[[A Tale of Love and Darkness]]'', Oz writes that Agnon and Klausner were not fond of one another and kept their distance.

The founder of [[Modern Hebrew language|Modern Hebrew]], [[Eliezer Ben-Yehuda]], built a home on Ein Gedi Street in Talpiot, [[Beit Ben-Yehuda]], but died before moving in. Today it serves as a guesthouse and meeting center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beit-ben-yehuda.org/index.php?id=25 |title=Beit Ben Yehudah|publisher=Beit-ben-yehuda.org |access-date=November 8, 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Talpiot Tomb]]
* [[Ramat Rachel]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Talpiot}}
{{Reflist}}

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{{Neighborhoods of Jerusalem}}
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[[Category:Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1922]]
[[Category:Garden suburbs]]
[[Category:1929 Palestine riots]]
[[Category:1922 establishments in Mandatory Palestine]]