Editing Tangerine Computer Systems

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{{original research|date=December 2018}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2012}}
{{Infobox company
|name = Tangerine Computer Systems
|foundation = 1979<br />[[United Kingdom]]
|location = [[United Kingdom]]
| industry       = [[Computing]]<br />[[Electronics]]
| products       = TAN1648 VDU, [[Tangerine Microtan 65]], [[Oric computers|Oric]]
}}
'''Tangerine Computer Systems'''<ref>The choice of the company's name, [[Tangerine]], was inspired by the success of the-then already famous (in the computer business world) [[Apple Computer]].</ref> was a British [[microcomputer]] company founded in 1979 by Dr. Paul Johnson, Mark Rainer and Nigel Penton Tilbury in [[St Ives, Cambridgeshire|St. Ives]], [[Cambridgeshire]].

The very first product was the successful TAN1648 VDU kit which received much acclaim in the technical press.

The home computer market was beginning to move, albeit slowly, and it was essential to establish a presence. Development and expansion was imperative. It was decided that the latter two partners would relinquish their involvement in order to focus on their consultancy work.

Barry Muncaster became involved operationally and the company moved to new premises in [[Ely, Cambridgeshire|Ely]], [[Cambridgeshire]]. The company was later renamed, and was known as '''Oric Products International'''.

==Early years: Microtan 65==
{{see also|Tangerine Microtan 65}}<!-- "Seealso" not "main" since this article is the main one for company details and history -->
[[File:Tangerine Microtan 65 In System Rack (white bg).jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Microtan 65 in the full System Rack enclosure and with the [[ASCII]] keyboard]]

Tangerine produced one of the first [[MOS Technology 6502|6502]]-based kit computers, the '''[[Tangerine MICROTAN 65|Microtan 65]]'''. It had a 3[[Rack unit|U]] form factor, a small amount of [[Random access memory|memory]] (RAM), a video character generator and [[RF Modulator|UHF modulator]] for use with a [[Television|TV]] set, and a simple latch for entering [[hexadecimal|hex]] data from a keypad, and the computer was designed to be expandable. The manual came with a one-[[kilobyte]] listing of [[Conway's Game of Life]]. An optional expansion board could be built with a [[UART]], more memory and [[BASIC programming language|BASIC]] [[Read-only memory|ROM]]s. Additional expansion boards became available later, offering more RAM, dedicated [[Series and parallel circuits#Series circuits|serial]] and [[Series and parallel circuits#Parallel circuits|parallel]] [[Input/output|I/O]] boards, etc.

After the [[Tangerine Microtan 65|Microtan 65]], Tangerine planned to build a desktop machine and managed to get as far as selling the design for the '''Microtan 2''', also known as '''Tangerine Tiger''', to [[HH Electronics]], better known for building amplifiers. They released it as the HH Tiger, but it was not a commercial success.<ref name="historic_comp">{{ cite web | url=https://historictech.com/product/hh-tiger-personal-computer-from-c-1983/ | title=HH Tiger Personal Computer from c. 1983 | website=Historic Tech | access-date=23 April 2021 }}</ref>

==Tantel==
Several [[Prestel]] machines were sold, under the general designation of ''Tantel'':

*'''AlphaTantel '''(1981) – Prestel adapter with a full keyboard and a phone connection jack. Connection to a TV was through a RF modulator, but there was also a RGB output. Built in modem was 1200 baud. It was possible to connect a tape recorder to save data and a printer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk/Museum/Tandata/alpha.php|title = Binary Dinosaurs – AlphaTantel Viewdata Terminal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/alpha-tantel-computer-worlds-first-308167529|title = Alpha Tantel Old Computer the worlds first home internet computer &#124; #308167529}}</ref>
*'''New Tantel Adaptor''' (1981) – Prestel adapter<ref>{{Cite journal |date=October–November 1981 |title=Microtantel |url=http://www.microtan.ukpc.net/Tansoft1.PDF |journal=Tansoft Gazette |issue=1 |pages=5}}</ref>
*'''Tantel Data Adaptor''' (1984) – Data adaptor for use with the Prestel system, including a data tape recorder<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/23634/Tantel-Data-Adaptor/|title = Tantel Data Adaptor – Peripheral – Computing History}}</ref>

==1983 onwards: The Oric family==
{{see also|Oric computers}}<!-- "Seealso" not "main" since this article section includes company history and details less appropriate to other article-->
With the success of the [[ZX Spectrum]] Tangerine's backers suggested a [[home computer]] and Tangerine formed ''Oric Products International Ltd'' to develop and release the [[Oric-1]] in 1983. A series of Oric computers (including the [[Oric Atmos]]) followed through to 1987.

On 13 October 1983 the factory of Kenure Plastics in Berkshire, where the [[Oric-1]] was manufactured, suffered a fire causing "several thousand pounds worth of damage", in which around 7,000 Oric machines were destroyed.<ref name="pcn19831027_oric">{{ cite magazine | url=https://archive.org/details/Personal-Computer-News/PersonalComputerNews034-02Nov1983/page/n6/mode/1up | title=Oric lit up | magazine=Personal Computer News | date=27 October 1983 | access-date=28 June 2024 | pages=5 }}</ref> The factory was rebuilt, minus a considerable stock of bits (including 15,000 old ROMs) that went to make up the Oric-1. In the meantime production was said to have restarted within 24 hours in a new factory.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}} Just a day later, a neighbouring warehouse went up in flames. Police were said at the time to suspect that the arsonist got the wrong place first time round.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}} It was about this time, too, that Tansoft moved to co-exist with Oric Research at the Techno Park, Cambridge.

About 160,000 Oric-1s were sold in the UK in 1983 with another 50,000 sold in France (where it was the top-selling machine that year). Although not the 350,000 predicted, it was enough for Oric International to be bought out by Edenspring and given £4m in funding. This enabled the release of the [[Oric Atmos]], an improved successor to the Oric-1 which added a true keyboard and improved ROM.

Although the Atmos failed to turn around Oric's fortunes, in early 1985 they announced several forthcoming models, including an IBM-compatible and an MSX-compatible. On 1 February they demonstrated the [[Oric Stratos/IQ164]] at the Frankfurt Computer Show; on the 2nd however, Edenspring put Oric International into [[receivership]] with Tansoft, by then a company in its own right, following in May.

French company ''Eureka ''bought the remains of Oric and, after renaming itself, continued to produce the Stratos under that name, followed by the [[Oric Telestrat]] in late 1986.

In December 1987 after announcing the [[Telestrat 2]], Oric International went into receivership for the second and final time.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tangerine Computer Systems| ]]
[[Category:Defunct computer companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Defunct computer hardware companies]]
[[Category:Defunct computer systems companies]]
[[Category:Computer companies disestablished in 1987]]
[[Category:Videotex]]