Editing Tangkuban Perahu

{{Short description| Stratovolcano in West Java}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Tangkuban Parahu
| photo = Tangkuban Prahu.jpg
| photo_caption = Tangkuban Perahu viewed in Kawah Ratu, 2016
| elevation_m = 2084
| elevation_ref = <ref name=gvp>{{cite gvp|vn=263090|name=Tangkuban Parahu|access-date=2010-11-06}}</ref>
| prominence_m = 
| prominence_ref = 
| listing = Spesial Ribu
| location = [[Java (island)|West Java]], [[Indonesia]]
| map = Indonesia Java
| coordinates = {{coord|6.77|S|107.60|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref name=gvp/>
| topo = 
| type = [[Stratovolcano]]
| age = 
| last_eruption = 26 July 2019<ref name=gvp/>
| first_ascent = 1713 by [[Abraham van Riebeeck|van Riebeeck]]
| easiest_route = [[Hiking|Hike]]
}}
[[File:Tangkuban Perahu Relief Map, SRTM-1.jpg|thumb|Relief Map]]
[[File:017c.Emil_Karl_Schumacher.jpg|thumb|crater c. 1920]]
'''Tangkuban Perahu''' ({{lang|su|Tangkuban Parahu}})<ref name=gvp /> is a [[stratovolcano]] in [[Lembang]], [[West Bandung Regency]], [[West Java]], [[Indonesia]]. It erupted in 1826, 1829, 1842, 1846, 1896, 1910, 1926, 1929, 1952, 1957, 1961, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1983, 2013 and 2019. It is a popular tourist attraction where tourists hike or ride to the edge of the [[Volcanic crater|crater]] to view the hot water springs and boiling mud up close, and buy eggs cooked on the hot surface.<ref>There are numerous tourist attractions in the mountains around Bandung, many of which are related to the interesting geology of the region. For locals to visit the cost is Rp. 30,000 but foreign visitors are charged ten times that amount. There are a number of volcanoes and volcanic craters close to Bandung, such as the [[Kawah Putih]] crater lake around 50 km to the south.</ref> Together with Mount Burangrang and Bukit Tunggul, it is a remnant of the ancient [[Mount Sunda]] after the plinian eruption caused the Caldera to collapse.

In April 2005, the Directorate of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation raised an alert, forbidding visitors from going up the volcano. "Sensors on the slopes of the two mountains - Anak [[Krakatoa]] on the southern tip of [[Sumatra]] Island and Tangkuban Perahu in Java - picked up an increase in volcanic activity and a build-up of gases, said government volcanologist Syamsul Rizal."<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/detaillatestnews.asp?fileid=20050413185123&irec=1 http://www.thejakartapost.com/detaillatestnews.asp?fileid=20050413185123&irec=1] ''thejakartapost.com''</ref> On the mountain's northern flank is Death Valley, which derives its name from a frequent accumulation of poisonous gases.<ref>[http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/west-java/tangkuban-perahu.html Mount Tangkuban Perahu Tourism, indonesia-tourism.com]</ref>

==History of volcanic activity==
A study conducted in 2001 determined that Tangkuban Perahu had erupted at least 30 times in the previous 40,750 years. Studies of the [[tephra]] layers within three kilometres of the crater revealed that 21 were minor eruptions and the remaining were significant eruptions. The eruptions that occurred before approximately 10,000 years ago were [[Types of volcanic eruptions#Magmatic eruptions|magmatic]]/[[Types of volcanic eruptions#Phreatomagmatic eruptions|phreatomagmatic]], and the ones that occurred after 10,000 years ago were [[Types of volcanic eruptions#Phreatic eruptions|phreatic]].<ref>Kartadinata, Okuno, Nakamura & Kobayashi, [http://www.geog.or.jp/journal/back/pdf111-3/p404-409.pdf Eruptive History of Tangkuban Perahu Volcano, West Java, Indonesia : A Preliminary Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823232638/http://www.geog.or.jp/journal/back/pdf111-3/p404-409.pdf |date=2006-08-23 }}, [[Journal of Geography]], 2001</ref> The volcano erupted as recently as 26 July 2019.<ref>[http://www.volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=263090&tab=1#October2013 Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program]</ref> On 2 August 2019, the volcano experienced eight minor eruptions, and as a result, the place was closed down for visitors, but is open again.

==Legend==
{{Main|Sangkuriang}}

The name translates roughly to "upturning of (a) boat" or "upturned boat" in [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], referring to the local legend of its creation. The story tells of "Dayang Sumbi", a beauty who lived in West Java.  She cast away her son "Sangkuriang" for disobedience, and in her sadness was granted the power of eternal youth by the gods. After many years in exile, Sangkuriang decided to return to his home, long after the two had forgotten and failed to recognise each other. Sangkuriang fell in love with Dayang Sumbi, his mother, and planned to marry her, only for Dayang Sumbi to recognise his birthmark just as he was about to go hunting wild boar. To prevent the marriage from taking place, Dayang Sumbi asked Sangkuriang to build a dam on the river [[Citarum River|Citarum]] and to build a large boat to cross the river, both before sunrise. Sangkuriang meditated and summoned mythical ogre-like creatures -buta hejo or green giant(s)- to do his bidding. Dayang Sumbi saw that the tasks were almost completed and called on her workers to spread red silk cloths east of the city, to give the impression of impending sunrise. Sangkuriang was fooled, and upon believing that he had failed, kicked the dam and the unfinished boat, resulting in severe flooding and the creation of Tangkuban Perahu from the hull of the boat.

==See also==
[[File:Tangkuban Parahu.jpg|thumb|left|The biggest [[Volcanic crater|crater]], Kawah Ratu or Queen's Crater of Mount Tangkuban Perahu, [[Bandung]], [[West Java]].]]
* [[List of volcanoes in Indonesia]]
* [[Sangkuriang]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HKfn_hNT2M Tangkuban Perahu (4K)]
* [http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/southeast_asia/indonesia/tangkuban.html Volcano World: Tangkuban Perahu]
* [http://www.jotravelguide.com/indonesia/bandung/tangkuban_perahu.php Tangkuban Perahu by JoTravelGuide.com - A main tourist attraction near Bandung]
* [https://www.wisataidn.com/gunung-tangkuban-perahu/ Gunung Tangkuban Perahu : Sejarah, Alamat dan Tiket Masuknya]

{{Tourist attractions in Indonesia}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Volcanoes of West Java]]
[[Category:Stratovolcanoes of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Active volcanoes of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Holocene stratovolcanoes]]
[[Category:Citarum basin]]
[[Category:Ciasem basin]]