Editing Tango Province

{{short description|Former province of Japan}}
[[File:地図 令制国 丹後国.svg|thumb|300px|right|Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Tango Province highlighted]]

{{nihongo|'''Tango Province'''|丹後国|Tango no Kuni|{{IPA|ja|taꜜŋ.ɡo (no kɯ.ɲi), taꜜŋ.ŋo-}}<ref>{{cite book|script-title=ja:NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典|publisher=NHK Publishing|editor=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|date=24 May 2016|lang=ja}}</ref>}} was a [[Provinces of Japan|province of Japan]] in the area of northern [[Kyoto Prefecture]].<ref>[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). "''Izu''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 411|page=411}}.</ref>  Tango bordered on [[Tanba Province|Tanba]] to the south, [[Tajima Province|Tajima]] to the west, and [[Wakasa Province|Wakasa]] to the east. Its abbreviated form name was {{nihongo|'''Tanshū'''|丹州|}}. It was also referred to as {{nihongo|'''Hokutan'''|北丹|}} or {{nihongo|'''Okutan'''|奥丹|}}. In terms of the [[Gokishichidō]] system, Tango was one of the provinces of the [[San'indō]] circuit. Under the ''[[Engishiki]]'' classification system, Tango was ranked as one of the "middle countries" (中国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital was located in what is now the city of [[Miyazu, Kyoto|Miyazu]]. The ''[[ichinomiya]]'' of the province is the [[Kono Shrine]] also located in Miyazu. The province had an area of {{convert|1,283.43|sqkm|sqmi}}.

[[File:The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States 38 Tango.jpg|thumb|right|[[Hiroshige]] ''[[ukiyo-e]]'' "Tango" in "The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States" (六十余州名所図会), depicting [[Ama-no-Hashidate]]]]

==History==

===Early history===
The Tango region prospered around the Takeno River basin (present-day [[Kyōtango]] city) during the [[Kofun period]], during which time many keyhole-shaped [[kofun|burial mounds]] were constructed. As coins from the [[Xin dynasty]] of northern China have been found in the from the [[Hakoishihama Site]] in Kumihama, Kyōtango, it is clear that the area had trade connections with the Asian continent. Also, in the ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'', when the Yamato Kingdom sent four generals in four directions to conquer the country, ancient [[Tanba Province|Tanba]] was the only specific destination mentioned, highlighting its importance to the Yamato rulers as a transportation center towards Asia.

The province of Tango was created in 713 during the reign of [[Empress Genmei]] by separating the northern five districts (Kasa District, Yoza District, Tamba District (later Naka District), Takeno District, and Kumano District) of northern Tanba Province.<ref name="Titsingh64">Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 64.|page=64}}</ref>  In ''Wadō 5'' (712), [[Mutsu Province]] had been severed from [[Dewa Province]].<ref name="Titsingh64"/> The  "[[Wamyō Ruijushō]]" lists 35 townships in the area, and states that the area was ruled by the Tanba-no-atai clan, who were the ''[[Kuni no miyatsuko]]''. Per the ''[[Kujiki]]'', this clan claimed descent from the ''[[kami]]'' [[Amenohoakari]],who was either the younger brother or son of [[Ninigi|Ninigi-no-mikoto]]. The [[kokufu|provincial capital]] was located in Kasa District, possibly in the Fuchū neighborhood of [[Miyazu, Kyoto|Miyazu]], but the precise location is uncertain. The site of the [[Tango Kokubun-ji]] (also in Miyazu) is known, and is a [[Monuments of Japan|National Historic Site]]. The ''[[Engishiki]]'' records of 927 list seven major and 58 minor [[Shinto shrine]]s, with [[Kono Shrine|Kono Jinja]] as the ''[[ichinomiya]]'' of the province.<ref>[http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/images/uploads/EOS070712Ab.pdf "Nationwide List of ''Ichinomiya''", p. 2.]; retrieved 2011-08-10</ref>

During the early [[Muromachi period]], the [[Yamana clan]] were ''[[shugo]]'' of Tango province, but they were supplanted by the [[Isshiki clan]] in 1392. The Isshiki ruled until replaced by [[Hosokawa Fujitaka]] in 1579, who constructed [[Tanabe Castle (Tango)|Tanabe Castle]], also known as “Maizuru Castle” under orders of [[Oda Nobunaga]].

===Edo Period===
In 1600, the Hosokawa clan was transferred to [[Kyushu]] and all of Tango Province was awarded to [[Kyōgoku Takatomo]], who established [[Miyazu Domain]] under the [[Tokugawa shogunate]]. In 1622, he divided his 123,000 ''[[koku]]'' holdings, with 35,000 ''koku'' going to his third son, Kyōgoku Takamitsu,who established a cadet branch at [[Tango-Tanabe Domain]] and 10,000 ''koku'' to a grandson, [[Kyōgoku Takamichi]],who established [[Mineyama Domain (Tango)|Mineyama Domain]]. This proved a wise decision, as in 1666 The Kyōgoku clan was dispossessed of Miyazu Domain for bad administration,  and reduced to ''[[hatamoto]]'' status. Miyazu Domain was reduced in size and passed to a number of ''[[fudai daimyō]]'' clans until 1758 when it came under the control of the Honjō-Matsudaira clan. Tango-Tanabe Domain fared better in that it remained in Kyōgoku hands until 1668, when the clan was transferred to [[Toyooka Domain]] in [[Tajima Province]] and replaced by a cadet branch of the [[Makino clan]]. Mineyama Domain remained with the Kyōgoku until the [[Meiji restoration]]. Territory directly controlled by the shogunate was administered by Kumihama ''daikanshō''. During the Edo Period, Tango province was somewhat of a backwater, due to its geographical location. In the mid-Edo period, Mineyama Domain brought in craftsmen from [[Nishijin]] to introduce the technique of producing silk [[crepe (textile)|crepe]] cloth, which was named ''Tango chirimen''. This became a regional speciality and a source of income for both Miyazu and Mineyama Domains.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Bakumatsu period domains
|-
! Name !! Clan !! Type !! ''[[kokudaka]]''
|-
| [[File:Mon Neun Augen.svg|25px]] [[Miyazu Domain|Miyazu]] || [[Matsudaira clan|Honjō-Matsudaira clan]] || ''Fudai'' || 70,000 ''koku''
|-
| [[File:Maru-ni Mitsu-Gashiwa.png|25px]] [[Tango-Tanabe Domain|Tango-Tanabe]] || [[Makino clan]] || ''Fudai'' || 35,000 ''koku''
|-
| [[File:Japanese_crest_Yotumeyui.svg|25px]] [[Mineyama Domain (Tango)|Mineyama]] ||  [[Kyōgoku clan]] || ''Tozama'' || 13,000 ''koku''
|}

==Meiji period==
Following the [[Meiji restoration]], each of the domains (Miyazu, Tango-Tanabe and Mineyama) briefly became prefectures, which were annexed to Toyooka Prefecture in November 1871 and incorporated into Kyoto Prefecture in 1876.<ref>Nussbaum, [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA780 "Provinces and prefectures"] at p. 780.</ref> Per the early [[Meiji period]] {{nihongo|''Kyudaka kyuryo Torishirabe-chō''|旧高旧領取調帳|}}, an official government assessment of the nation's resources, the province had 409 villages with a total ''[[kokudaka]]'' of 146,724 ''[[koku]]''. Tango Province consisted of:

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Districts of Tango  Province
|-
! District !! ''kokudaka'' !! Controlled by || at present ||Currently
|-
| {{nihongo|Kumano|熊野郡||}} || 18,333 ''koku'' || ''[[Tenryō]]'' (52 villages) || dissolved || part of [[Kyōtango]]
|-
| {{nihongo|Naka|中郡||}} || 21,911 ''koku'' ||  ''Tenryō'' (9 villages)<br/>Mineyama (1 town, 19 villages)<br/>Miyazu (5 villages) <br/>joint Mineyama/Miyazu (1 village)<br/>joint ''Tenryō''/Miyazu (1 village) ||dissolved ||part of Kyōtango
|-
| {{nihongo|Takeno|竹野郡||}} || 25,223 ''koku'' || ''Tenryō'' (47 villages)<br/>Miyazu (27 villages)<br/>joint Tenryo/Miyazu (1 village)  ||dissolved ||part of Kyōtango
|-
| {{nihongo|[[Yosa District, Kyoto|Yosa]]|与謝郡|||}} || 42,175 ''koku'' || ''Tenryō'' (9 villages)<br/>Miyazu (3 towns, 82 villages)<br/>joint ''Tenryō''/Miyazu (1 village) || || [[Ine, Kyoto|Ine]], [[Yosano, Kyoto|Yosano]], most of [[Miyazu, Kyoto|Miyazu]], part of Kyōtango and [[Fukuchiyama]]
|-
| {{nihongo|[[Kasa District, Kyoto|Kasa]]|加佐郡||}} || 39,079 ''koku'' || ''Tenryō'' (3 villages)<br/>Tango-Tanabe (1 town, 134 villages)<br/>Miyazu (11 villages)<br/>joint ''Tenryō''/Tango-Tanabe (1 village) || dissolved || [[Maizuru]], part of Fukuchiyama, Miyazu
|}

Although the province no longer officially existed after 1871, the name continued to be used for some purposes.  For example, Tango is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 between Japan and the [[United States]] and between Japan and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>US Department of State. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dKCOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA759  ''A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements'' (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759].</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Kono-jinja (Miyazu) otorii.JPG|Kono Jinja, ''ichinomiya'' of the province
Tango Kokubunji-ato, kondou-2.jpg|Ruins of Tango Kokubun-ji
Maizuru city Tanabe Castle ac (1).jpg|Tanabe Castle, also known as Maizuru Castle
20160402 Amanohashidate 3582 (26693427112).jpg|Ama-no-Hashidate
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* [[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC  ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; {{OCLC|58053128}}
* Papinot, Edmond. (1910). ''Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan.'' Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/77691250 OCLC 77691250]
*{{in lang|ja}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717200443/http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~me4k-skri/han/kantou.html Kōzuke on "Edo 300 HTML"]

== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline|Tango Province}}
* [http://www.maproom.org/00/05/sub1/1.html  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903]

{{Japan Old Province}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tango Province}}
[[Category:Tango Province| ]]
[[Category:Former provinces of Japan]]
[[Category:History of Kyoto Prefecture]]
[[Category:1871 disestablishments in Japan]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1871]]