Editing Tapirus

{{Short description|Genus of tapir}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|16|0}}<small>[[Miocene]] – [[Holocene|Recent]]</small>
| image = South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris).JPG
| image_caption = [[South American tapir]], a [[type species]] of ''Tapirus''
| taxon = Tapirus
| authority = [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson|Brisson]], 1762<ref name="MSW">{{MSW3 Perissodactyla |id=14100037 |page=633}}</ref>
| type_species = ''[[South American tapir|Hippopotamus terrestris]]''<br/>(=''today is Tapirus terrestris'')
| type_species_authority = [[Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = * [[Baird's tapir|''T. bairdii'']]
* [[Malayan tapir|''T. indicus'']]
* [[Mountain tapir|''T. pinchaque'']]
* [[South American tapir|''T. terrestris'']]
For extinct species, see text
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="MSW"/>
| synonyms = {{collapsible list |title=About 12 |titlestyle=text-align:center; font-weight:normal; |bullets=y
| ''Acrocodia'' <small>[[Edward Alphonso Goldman|Goldman]], 1913</small> (also as an independent genus<ref name="UT"/> or subgenus<ref name="Hulbert, 2010">{{cite journal |author=Hulbert, Richard C. |year=2010 |title=A new early Pleistocene tapir (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) from Florida, with a review of Blancan tapirs from the state |journal=Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History |volume=49 |number=3 |pages=67–126 |doi=10.58782/flmnh.ezjr9001 |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/bulletin-vol49no3.pdf}}</ref>)
| ''Chinchecus'' <small>[[Édouard Louis Trouessart|Trouessart]], 1898</small>
| ''Cinchacus'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1873</small>
| ''Elasmognathus'' <small>[[Theodore Gill|Gill]], 1865</small>
| ''Hydrochoerus'' <small>Gray, 1821</small> (''[[nomen nudum]]'')
| ''[[Mountain tapir|Pinchacus]]'' <small>[[Philip Hershkovitz|Hershkovitz]], 1954</small> (also as an subgenus of ''Tapirus''<ref name="Hulbert, 2010"/>)
| ''Rhinochoerus'' <small>[[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1830</small>
| ''Syspotamus'' <small>Billburg, 1827</small>
| ''Tapir'' <small>[[Johann Friedrich Blumenbach|Blumenbach]], 1779</small>
| ''Tapyra'' <small>Liais, 1872</small>
| ''[[Tapirella]]'' <small>[[Theodore Sherman Palmer|Palmer]], 1903</small> (also as an subgenus of ''Tapirus''<ref name="Hulbert, 2010"/>)
| ''Tapirussa'' <small>Frisch, 1775</small>}}
}}

'''''Tapirus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[tapir]] which contains the living tapir species. The [[Malayan tapir]] is usually included in ''Tapirus'' as well, although some authorities have moved it into its own genus, ''Acrocodia''.<ref name="UT">{{cite book |author1=Groves, C.P. |author1-link=Colin Groves |author2=Grubb, P. |author2-link=Peter Grubb (zoologist) |year=2011 |title=Ungulate Taxonomy |place=Baltimore, Maryland |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=v3uZtA1ZpTAC&pg=PA18 18–20] |isbn=978-1-4214-0093-8 |lccn=2011008168 |oclc=708357723 |ol=25220152M |url=https://zmmu.msu.ru/files/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0/grubb-groves-2011_taxonomy_ungulates.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226165759/http://zmmu.msu.ru/files/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0/grubb-groves-2011_taxonomy_ungulates.pdf |archive-date=2019-12-26 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Extant species==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Common name !! Scientific name !! Distribution
|-
|[[File:Baird's tapir (92135).jpg|120px]] || [[Baird's tapir]] (also called the Central American tapir) || ''Tapirus bairdii'' <small>([[Theodore Gill|Gill]], 1865)</small> || Mexico, Central America and northwestern South America.
|-
|[[File:Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) male (27546923604).jpg|120px]] || [[South American tapir]] (also called the Brazilian tapir or lowland tapir) || ''Tapirus terrestris'' <small>([[Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small> || Venezuela, Colombia, and the Guianas in the north to Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay in the south, to Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador in the West
|-
|[[File:Tapirus pinchaque portrait.jpg|120px]] || [[Mountain tapir]] (also called the woolly tapir) || ''Tapirus pinchaque'' <small>([[François Désiré Roulin|Roulin]], 1829)</small> || Eastern and Central Cordilleras mountains in Colombia, Ecuador, and the far north of Peru. 
|-
|[[File:Schabrackentapir Tapirus indicus Tiergarten-Nuernberg-1.jpg|120px]] || [[Malayan tapir]] (also called the Asian tapir, Oriental tapir or Indian tapir) || ''Tapirus indicus'' <small>([[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest|Desmarest]], 1819)</small> || Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand
|}

The [[Kabomani tapir]] was at one point recognized as another living member of the genus, but is now considered to be nested within ''T. terrestris''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=2016-03-01|title=Mitogenomics of the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque, Tapiridae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in Colombia and Ecuador: Phylogeography and insights into the origin and systematics of the South American tapirs|journal=Mammalian Biology|language=en|volume=81|issue=2|pages=163–175|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2015.11.001|issn=1616-5047|last1=Ruiz-García|first1=Manuel|last2=Castellanos|first2=Armando|last3=Bernal|first3=Luz Agueda|last4=Pinedo-Castro|first4=Myreya|last5=Kaston|first5=Franz|last6=Shostell|first6=Joseph M.|bibcode=2016MamBi..81..163R }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tapirs.org/tapirs/|title=All About the Terrific Tapir {{!}} Tapir Specialist Group|website=Tapir Specialist Group|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref>

==Evolution==
The genus ''Tapirus'' first appeared during the Middle [[Miocene]] (around 16-10 million years ago), known fossils in both Europe (''T. telleri'') and North America (''T. johnsoni'' and ''T. polkensis'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pandolfi |first1=Luca |last2=Sorbelli |first2=Leonardo |last3=Oms |first3=Oriol |last4=Rodriguez-Salgado |first4=Pablo |last5=Campeny |first5=Gerard |last6=de Soler |first6=Bruno Gómez |last7=Grandi |first7=Federica |last8=Agustí |first8=Jordi |last9=Madurell-Malapeira |first9=Joan |date=January 2023 |title=The Tapirus from Camp dels Ninots (NE Iberia): implications for morphology, morphometry and phylogeny of Neogene Tapiridae |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2023.2250117 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2023.2250117 |bibcode=2023JSPal..2150117P |issn=1477-2019}}</ref> The youngest tapir in Europe, ''[[Tapirus arvernensis]]'' became extinct at the end of the Pliocene, around 2.6 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cirilli |first1=Omar |last2=Pandolfi |first2=Luca |last3=Bernor |first3=Raymond L. |date=December 2020 |title=The Villafranchian perissodactyls of Italy: knowledge of the fossil record and future research perspectives |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016699520300875 |journal=Geobios |language=en |volume=63 |pages=1–21 |bibcode=2020Geobi..63....1C |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.001 |s2cid=228974817|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ''Tapirus'' dispersed into South America during the Early Pleistocene as part of the [[Great American Interchange]], around 2.6-1 million years ago.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Holanda |first1=Elizete Celestino |last2=Ferrero |first2=Brenda Soledad |date=March 2013 |title=Reappraisal of the Genus ''Tapirus'' (Perissodactyla, Tapiridae): Systematics and Phylogenetic Affinities of the South American Tapirs |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=33–44 |doi=10.1007/s10914-012-9196-z |s2cid=15780542 |hdl-access=free |hdl=11336/18792}}</ref>

Tapirs suffered considerable extinctions at the end of the Pleistocene, and went completely extinct north of southern [[Mexico]].

===Fossil species===
*†''[[Tapirus arvernensis]]'' <small>Croizet & Jobert, 1828</small>
*†''[[Tapirus augustus]]'' <small>Matthew & Granger, 1923</small> - Formerly ''[[Megatapirus]]''  
*†''[[Tapirus californicus]]'' <small>Merriam, 1912</small>
*†''[[Tapirus cristatellus]]'' <small>Winge, 1906</small> 
*†''[[Tapirus greslebini]]'' <small>Rusconi, 1934</small> 
*†''[[Tapirus haysii]]'' <small>Simpson, 1945</small>
*†''[[Tapirus johnsoni]]'' <small>Schultz et al., 1975</small>
*†''[[Tapirus lundeliusi]]'' <small>Hulbert, 2010</small>
*†''[[Tapirus merriami]]'' <small>Frick, 1921</small>
*†''[[Tapirus mesopotamicus]]'' <small>Ferrero & Noriega, 2007</small> 
*†''[[Tapirus oliverasi]]'' <small>Ubilla, 1983</small>  - Invalid<ref name="Holanda">{{cite journal |last1=Holanda |first1=E.C. |last2=Ferrero |first2=B.S. |date=2012 |title=Reappraisal of the Genus Tapirus (Perissodactyla, Tapiridae): Systematics and Phylogenetic Affinities of the South American Tapirs |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=20 |pages=33–44 |doi=10.1007/s10914-012-9196-z |s2cid=254697945 |hdl-access=free |hdl=11336/18792}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Holanda |first1=E.C. |last2=Rincón |first2=A.D. |title=Tapirs from the Pleistocene of Venezuela |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |date=2012 |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=463–473 |doi=10.4202/app.2011.0001 |s2cid=54846719 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*†''[[Tapirus polkensis]]'' <small>Olsen, 1860</small> 
*†''[[Tapirus rioplatensis]]'' <small>Cattoi, 1957</small> 
*†''[[Tapirus rondoniensis]]'' <small>Holanda ''et al''., 2011</small>
*†''[[Tapirus sanyuanensis]]'' <small>Huang & Fang, 1991</small><ref name=Tong />
*†''[[Tapirus simpsoni]]'' <small>Schultz et al., 1975</small>
*†''[[Tapirus sinensis]]'' <small>Owen, 1870</small><ref name=Tong>{{cite journal |last1=Tong |first1=H. |title=On fossil remains of Early Pleistocene tapir (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from Fanchang, Anhui |journal=Chinese Science Bulletin |date=2002 |volume=47 |issue=7 |pages=586–590 |doi=10.1360/02tb9135 |doi-broken-date=3 December 2024 |bibcode=2002ChSBu..47..586T |s2cid=128416226 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1360/02tb9135|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*†''[[Tapirus tarijensis]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1902</small>
*†''[[Tapirus veroensis]]'' <small>Sellards, 1918</small> 
*†''[[Tapirus webbi]]'' <small>Hulbert, 2005</small>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Perissodactyla}}
{{Perissodactyla Genera|T.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q128001}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tapirs]]
[[Category:Mammal genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Mathurin Jacques Brisson]]
[[Category:Taxa described in 1762]]