Editing Tarusa

{{Other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2011}}

{{Infobox Russian town
|en_name=Tarusa
|ru_name=Таруса
|image_skyline=Таруса.jpg
|image_caption=Tarusa central square
|coordinates = {{coord|54|44|N|37|11|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=left
|image_flag=
|image_coa=Tarusa COA (2020).png
|federal_subject=[[Kaluga Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="OKATO" />
|adm_data_as_of=2013
|adm_district_jur=[[Tarussky District]]
|adm_district_jur_ref=<ref name="OKATO" />
|adm_ctr_of=Tarussky District
|adm_ctr_of_ref=<ref name="OKATO" />
|inhabloc_cat=Town
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="OKATO" />
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|mun_data_as_of=October 2013
|mun_district_jur=Tarussky Municipal District
|mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref260" />
|urban_settlement_jur=Tarusa Urban Settlement
|urban_settlement_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref260" />
|mun_admctr_of1=Tarussky Municipal District
|mun_admctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref260" />
|mun_admctr_of2=Tarusa Urban Settlement
|mun_admctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref260" />
|leader_title=
|leader_title_ref
|leader_name=
|leader_name_ref
|representative_body
|representative_body_ref
|pop_2010census=9660
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
|pop_density
|pop_density_as_of
|pop_density_ref
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref
|established_date=1246
|established_title=First mentioned
|established_date_ref
|current_cat_date=
|current_cat_date_ref
|prev_name1=
|prev_name1_date=
|prev_name1_ref
|postal_codes=249100, 249101
|dialing_codes=
|dialing_codes_ref
|website=http://mo.tarusa.ru/
|website_ref
|commonscat=Tarusa
|date=January 2014
}}

'''Tarusa''' ({{langx|ru|Тару́са}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] and the [[administrative center]] of [[Tarussky District]] in [[Kaluga Oblast]], [[Russia]], located on the left bank of the [[Oka River]], {{convert|76|km|sp=us}} northeast of [[Kaluga]], the administrative center of the [[oblast]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2021=9918|p2010=9,660|p2002=9,893|p1989=8,795}}

==Etymology==
The name is from that of the [[Tarusa River]], a [[tributary]] of the Oka; ''Tar-'' is a hydronym base characteristic of regions of ancient Baltic settlement.<ref>Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998, p.&nbsp;411.</ref> According to a popular belief, the name derives from Tarusa's geohistorical position as a border town to the adjoining realm of Lithuania situated on the bank of the Oka. Questions about travelers' whereabouts from the other bank were answered with the answer ''To—Rus!'', meaning "that is Russia," eventually becoming the name of the town.

==History==
Tarusa is known to have existed since 1246,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Saul Bernard |title=The Columbia Gazetteer of the World: A to G |date=2008 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-14554-1 |page=3819 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C6PLxz8EMk0C |language=en}}</ref> when it was the capital of one of the [[Upper Oka Principalities]]—the [[Principality of Tarusa]].<ref name=sgk/> The first ruler of this principality was Grand Duke Yury Mikhailovich, the son of Grand Duke [[Michael of Chernigov|Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov]]. Later, the local rulers moved their seats to [[Meshchovsk]] and [[Boryatino]], and Tarusa was subjugated by the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] in the late 14th century. In the mid-15th century, Tarusa passed to [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]], and later on it fell back to the Grand Duchy of Moscow.<ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XII|year=1892|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=218}}</ref> In the 16th century, it was fortified with ramparts and trenches in defense against the [[Crimean Tatars]] and [[Nogai Horde]].<ref name=sgk/> In 1876, there were 40 craftsmen and 7 small factories in Tarusa.<ref name=sgk/>

Soviet authority in Tarusa was established on December&nbsp;27, 1917. In the following years, the town's churches were closed and a monument to [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] was erected on the central square. During [[World War II]], German troops approached Tarusa and took it on their way to Moscow. The town was occupied by the Germans between October&nbsp;24 and December&nbsp;19, 1941. After that, the town was retaken by the Red Army which crossed the Oka River in winter under the frantic German fire and successfully attacked the German strongholds on the higher bank of Oka. Remnants of the town's fortifications and the town wall can still be seen today in the community park near the Peter and Paul Cathedral.
[[File:Tarusaleninstreet.jpg|left|thumb|Lenin st. in Tarusa]]
During the Soviet period, Tarusa became the place where many dissidents and people repressed by the Soviet authorities used to settle. Tarusa became the home place for such famous dissident figures as [[Anatoly Marchenko]], [[Larisa Bogoraz]], [[Gleb Yakunin]], [[Pavel Litvinov]], [[Alexander Ginzburg]], [[Andrey Amalrik]], [[Sergei Kovalev]], [[Zoya Krakhmalnikova]], [[Lev Kopelev]], and [[Frida Vigdorova]]. The book ''Tarusa - the 101st kilometer'' by [[Tatyana Melnikova]] is devoted to the lives and fates of the dissidents who lived in Tarusa.

In 1961, [[Konstantin Paustovsky]] fought to publish his famous ''[[Tarusa Pages]]'', which became the only book in the Soviet Union which escaped Moscow-based central party censorship and offered its pages for various free-thinking and dissident writers. After the book was published, it was declared ideologically harmful and removed from all bookstores and libraries. The director of the Kaluga publishing house was reprimanded, the editor-in-chief was fired, and other repressions were to follow. It was only Paustovsky's personal appeal to [[Nikita Khrushchev]] that stopped the wave of planned repressions. Nevertheless, the ''Tarusa Pages'' became a significant and meaningful event in the Soviet literature. The book introduced to the public such authors as [[Bulat Okudzhava]], [[Vladimir Maksimov (writer)|Vladimir Maksimov]], Frida Vigdorova, [[Nadezhda Mandelstam]], and [[Naum Korzhavin]], who enjoyed immense popularity in the later years.

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Tarusa serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Tarussky District]], to which it is directly subordinated.<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|29 238}}</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] of Tarusa is incorporated within Tarussky Municipal District as '''Tarusa Urban Settlement'''.<ref name="Ref260">Law #369-OZ</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Музей семьи Цветаевых в Тарусе.JPG|thumb|left|Tsvetayevs Family Museum in Tarusa]]

The town has a number of popular museums—the Tarusa Regional Museum of Local Lore and the Tsvetayevs Family Museum. It is also home to the Tarusa Town Picture Gallery, which is a branch of Kaluga Regional Museum of Art, boasting a rich collection of such Russian artists as [[Boris Kustodiev]], [[Nikolay Krymov]], [[Ivan Aivazovsky]], [[Lev Lagorio]], and [[Vasily Polenov]].

The [[Open Russian Festival of Animated Film]] was held in Tarusa until 2002, after which it was moved to [[Suzdal]].

==Economy==
Tarusa has an Art Ceramics factory, a design studio of the [[Russian Space Research Institute|Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences]], manufacturing, and a milk factory.

==Cemeteries==
Tarusa has two cemeteries: the Old Cemetery and the New Cemetery. Writer Konstantin Paustovsky, sculptor [[Vasily Vatagin]], Marina Tsvetaeva's daughter [[Ariadna Èfron]], builder Sergey Krutilin, and writer Nadezhda Krandievskaya are buried in the Old Cemetery.

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|klu|mun|list2}}

{{Kaluga Oblast}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kaluga Oblast]]
[[Category:Tarussky Uyezd]]