Editing Tboli people

{{Short description|Austronesian ethnic group}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Tboli
| image = T'boli woman.jpg
| image_caption = An elderly Tboli woman in Tboli attire.
| population = '''181,125''' (2020 census)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/ethnicity-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing|title=Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)|publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority|access-date=July 4, 2023}}</ref>
| popplace = {{PHI}} ([[Soccsksargen]], [[Davao Region]])
| langs = [[Tboli language|Tboli]], [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]], [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]], [[Filipino language|Filipino]]
| rels = [[Christianity]]<br>[[Islam]]<br>Tboli polytheism
| related = [[Austronesian peoples]], [[Lumad]], and [[Sama-Bajau|Sama-Bajau peoples]]
}}

[[File:TboliArts.jpg|thumb|A Tboli sculpture, on display in the Tboli museum near [[Lake Sebu]], South Cotabato, Philippines.]]
[[File:Bahay kubo.jpg|thumb|A Tboli rural residence.]]

The '''T'boli people'''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rebollido |first1=Rommel |title=IP advocates: no apostrophes in Blaan, Tboli |url=https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2023/05/ip-advocates-no-apostrophes-in-blaan-tboli/ |access-date=10 May 2023 |work=MindaNews |date=5 May 2023}}</ref> ({{IPA|tl|'tʔbɔli|IPA}}) are an Austronesian [[Indigenous peoples of the Philippines|indigenous people]] of [[South Cotabato]] in southern [[Mindanao]] in the [[Philippines]]. 
==Ethnology==

T'bolis currently reside on the mountain slopes on either side of the upper [[Alah Valley]] and the coastal area of [[Maitum, Sarangani|Maitum]], [[Maasim, Sarangani|Maasim]] and [[Kiamba, Sarangani|Kiamba]] in the province of Sarangani. In former times, the Tbolis also resided in the upper floor of the Alah Valley. After [[World War II]] and the arrival of settlers from other parts of the Philippines, they have been gradually pushed to the mountain slopes, and have been almost expelled from the fertile valley floor.

Like their immediate neighbouring ethnic groups, the [[Úbûs]], [[Blaan people|Blàan]], [[Blit indigenous people|Blit]], [[Tàú-Segél]], and the [[Tasaday]], they have historically been described as pagans or animists, as opposed to [[Muslims|Muslim]] peoples or [[Christians|Christian]] settlers. In political contexts, however, the [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] term "''[[Lumad]]''" ("native") has become an umbrella term for the various polytheistic peoples of Mindanao.

In ethnographic and linguistic literature on Mindanao, their name is variously spelt Tboli, T'boli, Tböli, Tagabili, Tagabilil, Tagabulul and Tau Bilil. Their [[endonym]] is Tboli. In the literature, their whereabouts and identity are somewhat imprecise: some publications present the Tboli and the Tagabili as distinct peoples, whereas some locate the Tbolis in the vicinity of [[Lake Buluan]] in the [[Mindanao River|Cotabato Basin]] or in [[Agusan del Norte]]. 

Tbolis speak their [[Tboli language|native language of the same name]]. However, over the decades, Tbolis can speak and understand [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]], [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]], [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] and to some extent, [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]], alongside their own native language. These languages were brought and introduced by these settlers from [[Cebu]], [[Bohol]], [[Siquijor]], [[Negros]], [[Panay]], [[Southern Tagalog|Tagalog-speaking regions]], [[Central Luzon]] and [[Ilocos Region|Ilocandia]], upon their arrival into Tboli homelands during the early 20th century.  

They are considered to be an [[Indigenous peoples of the Philippines|indigenous people]] in Philippine law.

==Music==
{{Main|Music of the Philippines|Agung}}
The Tboli have a musical heritage consisting of various types of [[Agung#In agung ensembles|agung ensembles]], which are composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/knobbed [[gong]]s that act as drone without any accompanying melodic instrument.

Other instruments include the [[hegelung]].<ref name=Philip>{{cite web
 | last = Mercurio
 | first = Philip Dominguez
 | year = 2006
 | url = http://www.pnoyandthecity.blogspot.com
 | title = Traditional Music of the Southern Philippines
 | work = PnoyAndTheCity: A center for Kulintang – A home for Pasikings
 | access-date = November 21, 2006
}}</ref>

==Tboli religion==
{{See also|List of Philippine mythological figures}}
[[File:USAID Measuring Impact Conservation Enterprise Retrospective (Philippines; Kalahan Educational Foundation) (40246611432).jpg|thumb|''[[T'nalak|Tnalak]]'' cloth of Tboli dream weavers have patterns inspired by dreams and blessed by Fu Dalu, the Tboli god of [[abacá]]<ref name="tla">{{cite web |last1=Lush |first1=Emily |title=Making of: T'nalak Weaving, Philippines |url=https://www.thetextileatlas.com/craft-stories/tnalak-weaving-philippines |website=The Textile Atlas |access-date=December 13, 2018}}</ref>]]
The Tboli have a tradition of a highly complex [[Polytheism|polytheistic]] religion. However, more recent variants of their religion have been influenced by [[Islam in the Philippines|Islam]] and [[Christianity]]. Nevertheless, some continue to preserve religious practices from traditions thousands of years old, while others have involved with syncretic beliefs combining their traditional religious elements with Christianity or Islam.

===Immortals===
{{div col|}}
*Bulon La Mogoaw: one of two supreme deities; married to Kadaw La Sambad; lives in the seventh layer of the universe<ref name="auto1">Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.</ref>
*Kadaw La Sambad: the second supreme deities; married to Bulon La Mogoaw; lives in the seventh layer of the universe<ref name="auto1"/>
*Cumucul: son of the supreme deities; has a cohort of fire, a sword, and shield; married to Boi’Kafil<ref name="auto1"/>
*Boi’Kafil: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Cumucul<ref name="auto1"/>
*Bong Libun: daughter of the supreme deities; married to S’fedat; could not bear children<ref name="auto1"/>
*S’fedat: son of the supreme deities; married to Bong Libun; could not bear children; asked Bong Libun to instead kill him, where his body became the land from which plants spout from<ref name="auto1"/>
*D’wata: son of the supreme deities; married to both Sedek We and Hyu We; placed the land-body of S’fedat on the sea<ref name="auto1"/>
*Sedek We: daughter of the supreme deities; married to D’wata<ref name="auto1"/>
*Hyu We: daughter of the supreme deities; married to D’wata<ref name="auto1"/>
*Blotik: son of the supreme deities; married to S’lel<ref name="auto1"/>
*S’lel: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Blotik<ref name="auto1"/>
*B’lomi: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Mule<ref name="auto1"/>
*Mule: son of the supreme deities; married to B’lomi<ref name="auto1"/>
*Loos K’lagan: son of the supreme deities; married to both La Fun and Datu B’noling<ref name="auto1"/>
*La Fun: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Loos K’lagan<ref name="auto1"/>
*Datu B’noling: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Loos K’lagan<ref name="auto1"/>
*Children of D’wata and Hyu We
**L’tik<ref name="auto1"/>
**B’langa<ref name="auto1"/>
**Temo Lus<ref name="auto1"/>
**T’dolok<ref name="auto1"/>
**Ginton<ref name="auto1"/>
**L’mugot M’ngay<ref name="auto1"/>
**Fun Bulol:<ref name="auto1"/> the owner of wild animals<ref>Hyndman, D., Duhaylungsod, L., Thomas, B. (1994). To the last grain of rice: T'boli subsistence production. Springer.</ref>
*Children of D’wata and Sedek We
**Kayung<ref name="auto1"/>
**Slew<ref name="auto1"/>
**S’mbleng<ref name="auto1"/>
**Nagwawang<ref name="auto1"/>
**Nga Hule<ref name="auto1"/>
**S’ntan<ref name="auto1"/>
*Fu: spirits that inhabit and own the natural environment<ref name="auto2">Cudera, R. B., Razon, B. C., Millondaga, K. J. I. (2020). Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity.</ref>
**Fu El: the spirit of water<ref name="auto2"/>
**Fu El Melel: the spirit of the river<ref name="auto2"/>
*D’wata (general): the generic term for the gods;<ref>Talavera, Manalo, Baybay, Saludario, Dizon, Mauro, Porquerino, Novela, Yakit, Banares, Francisco, Inocencio, Rongavilla, Cruz (2013). The T'boli: Songs, Stories and Society. University of the Philippines.</ref> guard lives and determine fate and destiny<ref name="auto2"/>
*Muhen: a god of fate in the form of a bird whose song when heard is thought to presage misfortune; any undertaking is immediately abandoned or postponed when one hears the Muhen sing<ref name="auto">Manzano, L. C. The T’boli. National Commission for Culture and the Arts.</ref>
*Glinton: the god of metallurgy<ref name="auto"/>
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commonscat-inline}}
* [http://www.travelblog.org/Asia/Philippines/Mindanao/blog-348007.html Photographic and written account of a week spent with the Tboli of Lake Sebu by a traveler]
* [http://www.leonardpe.com/2008/12/tboli/ T'boli elder and child]
* [http://www.vimeo.com/5784881 Preserving Culture: the T'boli tribe of Mindanao, Philippines] by Alan Geoghegan & Ursula Schloer

{{LumadTribesmall}}
{{Ethnic groups in the Philippines}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lumad]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Mindanao]]