Editing Teacher in Space Project

{{Short description|NASA program from 1984 to 1990}}
{{Infobox
| above       = Teacher in Space Project
| image       = [[File:Teacher in Space logo.svg|235px]]
| caption     = Logo of the Teacher in Space Project
| header1     =
| label1      = Duration 
| data1       = 1984–1990
| header2     =
| label2      = Goals
| data2       = Spur student interest in mathematics, science, and space exploration
| header3     =
| label3      = Achieved
| data3       = Launched [[Christa McAuliffe]] on [[STS-51-L]]; killed during launch in the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]]
| header4     =
| label5      = Organizer
| data5       = NASA
| header5     =
| label6      = Casualties
| data6       = 1
| header6     =
| label7      = Related programs
| data7       = [[Educator Astronaut Project]]<br>Teachers in Space, Inc.
}}

The '''Teacher in Space Project''' ('''TISP''') was a [[NASA]] program announced by [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1984 designed to inspire students, honor teachers, and spur interest in mathematics, science, and space exploration. The project would carry teachers into space as [[Payload specialist|payload specialists]] (non-astronaut civilians), who would return to their classrooms to share the experience with their students.

NASA cancelled the program in 1990, following the death of its first participant, [[Christa McAuliffe]], in the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]] ([[STS-51-L]]) on January 28, 1986. NASA replaced Teachers in Space in 1998 with the [[Educator Astronaut Project]], which required its participants to become astronaut [[Mission Specialist]]s. The first Educator Astronauts were selected as part of [[NASA Astronaut Group 19]] in 2004.

[[Barbara Morgan]], who was selected as a mission specialist as part of [[NASA Astronaut Group 17]] in 1998, has often been incorrectly referred to as an Educator Astronaut. However, she was selected as a mission specialist before the Educator Astronaut Project.<ref>Michael Griffin, NASA TV: STS-118 Post-Landing briefing</ref>

[[File:Christa McAuliffe and Barbara Morgan - GPN-2002-000004.jpg|thumb|right|[[Barbara Morgan]] and [[Christa McAuliffe]], backup and primary TISP participants for Mission STS-51-L]]

==NASA programs==
TISP was announced by President [[Ronald Reagan]] on August 27, 1984. Not members of [[NASA Astronaut Corps|NASA's Astronaut Corps]], the teachers would fly as [[Payload Specialist]]s and return to their classrooms after flight. More than 40,000 applications were mailed to interested teachers while 11,000 teachers sent completed applications to NASA.  Each application included a potential lesson that would be taught from space while on the Space Shuttle.  The applications were sorted and then sent to the various State Departments of Education, who were then responsible for narrowing down their state applicants to a final set of two each. These 114 applicants were notified of their selections and were gathered together for further selection processes down to ten finalists.  These were then trained for a time, and in 1985 NASA selected [[Christa McAuliffe]] to be the first teacher in space, with [[Barbara Morgan]] as her backup. McAuliffe was a high school social studies teacher from Concord, New Hampshire.<ref>{{cite web|title=Astronaut bio S. Christa Corrigan Mcauliffe Teacher In Space Participant (Deceased) |url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/mcauliffe.html |work=jsc.nasa.gov |publisher=NASA |access-date=3 November 2013 |date=April 2007}}</ref> She planned to teach two 15-minute lessons from the Space Shuttle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Christa's Lost Lessons |url=http://www.challenger.org/resources/christas-story/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104080630/http://www.challenger.org/resources/christas-story/ |archive-date=4 November 2013 |access-date=3 November 2013 |work=Space Educator's Handbook (OMB/NASA Report #S677) |via=challenger.org}}</ref>

McAuliffe died in the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]] ([[STS-51-L]]) on January 28, 1986.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Mission 51-L "Teacher In Space"|url=http://www.challenger.org/about-us/mission-51-l/|publisher=challenger.org|access-date=3 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104173819/http://www.challenger.org/about-us/mission-51-l/|archive-date=4 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Hart |first=Kevin |date=28 January 2011 |title=Twenty-Five Years Later, McAuliffe's Legacy Endures |url=http://neatoday.org/2011/01/28/twenty-five-years-later-mcauliffe%E2%80%99s-legacy-endures/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917133555/http://neatoday.org/2011/01/28/twenty-five-years-later-mcauliffe%E2%80%99s-legacy-endures/ |archive-date=17 September 2013 |access-date=3 November 2013 |publisher=National Education Association}}</ref> After the accident, Reagan spoke on national television and assured the nation that the Teacher in Space program would continue. "We'll continue our quest in space", he said. "There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. Nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue."<ref>{{cite news | first=Ronald | last=Reagan | title=Address to the nation on the Challenger disaster | date=1986-01-28 | publisher=Office of the President | url =http://www.reaganlibrary.com/reagan/speeches/challenger.asp | access-date = 2007-08-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225128/http://www.reaganlibrary.com/reagan/speeches/challenger.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-09-27}}</ref> However, NASA decided in 1990 that spaceflight was still too dangerous to risk the lives of civilian teachers, and eliminated the Teacher in Space project. Morgan returned to teaching in Idaho and later became a mission specialist on [[STS-118]].

===Educator Astronaut Project===
{{Main|Educator Astronaut Project}}

[[File:Morgan giving lecture.png|thumb|Barbara Morgan, Mission Specialist and backup for the Teacher in Space Project, speaks to an audience of students and media during a January 2007 demonstration at Space Center Houston.]]
In January 1998, NASA replaced the Teacher In Space project with the Educator Astronaut Project. Instead of training teachers for five months as [[Payload Specialist]]s who would return to the classroom, the Educator Astronaut program required selectees to give up their teaching careers, move to Houston, and become [[Mission Specialist]]s (full-time NASA astronauts).

The first three Educator Astronauts were selected in October 2004: [[Joseph Acaba]], [[Richard R. Arnold|Richard Arnold]] and [[Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger]]. Acaba and Arnold flew aboard [[STS-119]] in March 2009, and Metcalf-Lindenburger on [[STS-131]] in April 2010.

Although many sources including some NASA ones incorrectly refer to [[Barbara Morgan]] (who flew on [[STS-118]] in August 2007) as the first Educator Astronaut, she was actually selected as a standard mission specialist in 1998, before the Educator Astronaut Project was in place.<ref>Michael Griffin, NASA TV: STS-118 Post-Landing briefing</ref>

==Private program==
In the early 21st century, the Teacher in Space project was revived in the private sector. The development of reusable, suborbital launch vehicles by commercial companies makes it possible for nonprofit groups to contemplate sending large numbers of teachers into space. The new Teachers in Space program began in 2005. In March 2005, Teacher in Space candidate Pam Leestma, a second-grade teacher and cousin of Space Shuttle astronaut [[David Leestma]], completed a training flight aboard a [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]] operated by X-Rocket, LLC.<ref>{{cite news | first=Edward | last=Wright | title=Teacher In Space Candidate Completes Proficiency Flight | date=2005-03-31 | publisher=X-rocket | url =http://www.ereleases.com/pr/20050331005.html | access-date = 2007-08-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071020013531/http://www.ereleases.com/pr/20050331005.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-10-20}}</ref>

[[Armadillo Aerospace]], [[Masten Space Systems]], [[PlanetSpace]], [[Rocketplane Limited, Inc.]], and [[XCOR Aerospace]] pledged flights to the new Teachers in Space project.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tumlinson |first=Rick |date=2006-10-16 |title=Masten Space Systems Donates Rocket Ride to Teacher |url=http://www.space-frontier.org/PressReleases/2006/20060918TISMasten.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184306/http://www.space-frontier.org/PressReleases/2006/20060918TISMasten.html |archive-date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2007-08-13 |publisher=Space Frontier Foundation}}</ref> Advisors to the new Teachers in Space project include [[SpaceShipOne]] builder and Ansari X-Prize winner [[Burt Rutan]], X-Prize founder [[Peter Diamandis]], Apollo astronaut [[Buzz Aldrin]], and private astronaut and X-Prize sponsor [[Anousheh Ansari]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Tumlinson |first=Rick |date=2006-04-21 |title=New Teachers In Space Program Gains Momentum |url=http://www.space-frontier.org/PressReleases/2006/20060421teachersinspace.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184152/http://www.space-frontier.org/PressReleases/2006/20060421teachersinspace.html |archive-date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2007-08-13 |publisher=Space Frontier Foundation}}</ref>

The United States Rocket Academy partnered with the SFF in 2006, and worked to draft rules for a "pathfinder" competition to select the first Teachers in Space. The rules were announced at the [[X Prize Cup|Wirefly X PRIZE Cup]] Competition held at Holloman Air Force Base near Alamogordo, New Mexico in October 2007.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tumlinson |first=Rick |date=2007-08-08 |title=Godspeed Barbara Morgan; Plans for Large Numbers of Teachers in Space |url=http://www.space-frontier.org/PressReleases/2007/20070808barbaramorgan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184314/http://www.space-frontier.org/PressReleases/2007/20070808barbaramorgan.html |archive-date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2007-08-13 |publisher=Space Frontier Foundation}}</ref> Applications were accepted until November 4, 2008. On July 20, 2009, Teachers in Space announced its first group of "Pathfinders": astronaut teacher candidates.<ref>{{cite web |title=Teachers in Space |date=2009-07-20 |publisher=Teachers in Space |url=http://teachersinspace.wordpress.com/2009/07/20/seven-astronaut-teacher-candidates-announced/ |access-date=2009-07-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725220103/http://teachersinspace.wordpress.com/2009/07/20/seven-astronaut-teacher-candidates-announced/ |archive-date=2009-07-25 }}</ref>

On June 11, 2013, [[Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University]]'s new Commercial Space Operations degree program, the first of its kind in the world, announced they will sponsor the Teachers in Space summer workshops for the next five years, indicating their intent toward a continuing long term relationship as well as their sharing a vision to "...help students, teachers and organizers collaborate in bringing space education to every level, from K-12 to graduate programs."<ref>{{cite web |date=June 11, 2013 |title=Embry-Riddle's New Degree Program in Commercial Space Operations to Sponsor Teachers in Space Summer Workshops |url=http://daytonabeach.erau.edu/news/teachers-in-space.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907233933/http://daytonabeach.erau.edu/news/teachers-in-space.html |archive-date=September 7, 2013 |access-date=August 13, 2013 |publisher=Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=NASA Office of Education |date=August 1, 2012 |title=Weekly Update: NASA Education |url=https://education.jsc.nasa.gov/war/archive/war_roll_up.cfm?&date=20120801&type=month&yr=2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104111102/https://education.jsc.nasa.gov/war/archive/war_roll_up.cfm?&date=20120801&type=month&yr=2012 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 4, 2013 |access-date=August 13, 2013}}</ref>

In 2014, Program director Elizabeth Kennick incorporated the Teachers in Space project as an educational nonprofit in New York, spinning it off from the Space Frontier Foundation.<ref>{{cite web |date=2014-10-23 |title=Space Frontier Foundation Launches Teachers in Space, Inc. |url=http://spacefrontier.org/2014/10/12921/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914130228/https://spacefrontier.org/2014/10/12921/ |archive-date=2015-09-14 |access-date=2016-01-21 |website=Spacefrontier.org}}</ref> Five original Pathfinders (James Kuhl, Rachael Manzer, Lanette Oliver, Chantelle Rose, and Michael Schmidt) remain with the program, also Vice President Joe Latrell and several teacher volunteers. [[Teachers in Space, Inc.]] has now flown two teacher/student designed experiments to International Space Station (ISS), launched and retrieved several high altitude balloons with data sensors, put teachers through astronaut training experiences including hypobaric chamber and centrifuge, and delivered weeklong professional development workshops for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) teachers in California, Florida, Oklahoma, Texas, and Georgia.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=The Space Show |title=Elizabeth (Liz) Kennick, Teachers In Space, Friday, 2-21-14 |url=http://thespaceshow.wordpress.com/tag/teachers-in-space/ |date=February 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Teachers in Space, Inc. |title=May Teachers in Space Newsletter |url=http://teachers-in-space.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/MAYTeachersinSpaceNewsletter.pdf |date=June 4, 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Educator Astronaut Project]]
* [[STS-118]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.teachers-in-space.com Teachers in Space, Inc.]
*[http://ssep.ncesse.org/national-conference/2014-ssep-national-conference-smithsonian-national-air-and-space-museum-washington-dc-july-2-3-2014/2014-ssep-national-conference-agenda/ Ssep.ncesse.org]
*[http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/news/teachers-space-teaching-space-space-frontier-foundation-embry-riddle/ Spacesafetymagazine.com]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928032141/http://www.nea.org/people/0708morgan.html Barbara Morgan-Astronaut, Teacher in Space, NEA Member]
*[http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=38825 President Reagan's Remarks to the Finalists in the Teacher in Space Project] (June 26, 1985)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XqlOxvkB2o NASA STI Teacher in Space presentation]

{{Space Shuttle}}

[[Category:NASA programs]]
[[Category:Space Shuttle program]]
[[Category:Science education]]
[[Category:Educator astronauts| ]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:1990 disestablishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Presidency of Ronald Reagan]]
[[Category:Space Shuttle Challenger disaster]]