Editing Telamon

{{Short description|Greek mythological figure}}
{{Other uses}}

In [[Greek mythology]], '''Telamon''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɛ|l|ə|m|ə|n}}; [[Ancient Greek]]: [[wikt:Τελαμών|Τελαμών]], ''Telamōn'' means "broad strap") was the son of King [[Aeacus]] of [[Aegina]],<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.9.16&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Telamon 1.9.16]</ref> and [[Endeïs]], a [[Oread|mountain nymph]]. The elder brother of [[Peleus]], Telamon sailed alongside [[Jason]] as one of his [[Argonauts]],<ref>Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.9.16&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Telamon 1.9.16]</ref> and was present at the hunt for the [[Calydonian Boar]]. In the ''[[Iliad]]'', he was the father of Greek heroes [[Ajax the Great]] and [[Teucer]] by different mothers. Some accounts mention a third son of his, [[Trambelus]].<ref>[[Parthenius of Nicaea|Parthenius]], [https://topostext.org/work/550#26 26]  from the ''Thrax'' of [[Euphorion of Chalcis|Euphorion]]; [[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes]] ad [[Lycophron]], [https://topostext.org/work/860#467 467]</ref>{{AI-generated source|date=November 2024}} He and Peleus were also close friends of [[Heracles]], assisting him on his expeditions against the [[Amazons]] and his assault on Troy (see below).

In an earlier account recorded by [[Pherecydes of Athens]], Telamon and Peleus were not brothers, but friends.<ref name=":0">[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.12.6&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Telamon 3.12.6]</ref> According to this account, Telamon was the son of [[Actaeus (mythology)|Actaeus]] and [[Glauce]], with the latter being the daughter of [[Cychreus]], king of [[Salamis Island|Salamis]];<ref name=":0" /> and Telamon married [[Periboea]] ([[Eriboea (mythology)|Eriboea]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=[[Tzetzes]]|first=John|title=Allegories of the Iliad|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library|year=2015|isbn=978-0-674-96785-4|location=Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England|pages=41, Prologue 526|translator-last=Goldwyn|translator-first=Adam|translator-last2=Kokkini|translator-first2=Dimitra}}</ref>), daughter of King Alcathous of [[Megara]].

==Mythology==
After killing their half-brother, [[Phocus of Aegina|Phocus]], Telamon and Peleus fled Aegina and made their way to the island of [[Salamis Island|Salamis]], where King [[Cychreus (mythology)|Cychreus]] welcomed Telamon and befriended him. Telamon married Cychreus' daughter Periboea, who gave birth to Ajax; sometime later, Cychreus gave Telamon his kingdom. In other versions of the myth Cychreus' daughter is named [[Glauce]], and Periboea is Telamon's second wife, and the daughter of Alcathous.

===Trojan War===
Telamon also features in both versions of [[Heracles]]' sacking of [[Troy]], which was ruled by King [[Laomedon]] (or [[Tros (mythology)|Tros]] in the alternate versions). Before the Trojan War, [[Poseidon]] sent a sea monster to attack Troy.
[[File:Casa di Ottavio Quartione, Pompeya, Italia, 2016 05.jpg|thumb|280px|The marriage of Telamon and [[Hesione]] or Hesione's farewell to her brother [[Priam]] under the attention of [[Heracles]] and Telamon on the right, detail of fresco from the triclinium of the House of Octavius Quartio at [[Pompeii]]]]
; Tros version
In the King Tros version, [[Heracles]] (along with Telamon and [[Oicles]]) agreed to kill the monster if Tros would give him the horses he received from [[Zeus]] as compensation for Zeus' kidnapping Tros' son, [[Ganymede (mythology)|Ganymede]]. Tros agreed; Heracles succeeded and Telamon married [[Hesione]], Tros' daughter, by whom he sired [[Teucer]].

; Laomedon version
In the King Laomedon version, Laomedon planned on sacrificing his daughter [[Hesione]] to [[Poseidon]] in the hope of appeasing him. Heracles rescued her at the last minute and killed both the monster and Laomedon and Laomedon's sons, except for Ganymede, who was on [[Mount Olympus]], and [[Priam|Podarces]], who saved his own life by giving Heracles a golden veil Hesione had made. Telamon took Hesione as a war prize and married her, and she gave birth by him to [[Teucer]]. When Ajax later committed suicide at Troy, Telamon banished Teucer from Salamis for failing to bring his brother home.

; Bibliotheca version
In [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus' ''Library'']], Telamon was almost killed during the siege of Troy. Telamon was the first one to break through the Trojan wall, which enraged Hercules as he was coveting that glory for himself. Hercules was about to cut him down with his sword when Telamon began to quickly assemble an altar out of nearby stones in honor of Hercules. Hercules was so pleased, after the sack of Troy he gave Telamon Hesione as a wife. Hesione requested that she be able to bring her brother Podarces with her. Hercules would not allow it unless Hesione bought Podarces as a slave. Hesione paid for her brother with a veil. Podarces' name was then changed to [[Priam]] – which, according to Greek author Apollodorus, was derived from the Greek phrase "to buy".

[[Image:Wooster-ohio-courthouse-telamon.jpg|thumb|upright|Architectural [[Atlas (architecture)|Telamon / atlantides]] on the [[Wayne County, Ohio]] courthouse]]

==In architecture==
In architecture, telamons are colossal male figures used as columns.<ref>{{cite book |author=Hersey, George |title=The Lost Meaning of Classical Architecture |publisher=MIT Press |location=Cambridge, MA |year=1998 |pages=125, 126}}</ref> These are also called [[Atlas (architecture)|atlas]], atlantes, or [[atlantid]]s; they are the male versions of [[caryatids]].

==The Telamon==

The "Telamon" (also "Song of Telamon", "Telamon Song", "Telamon-song") is an ancient Greek song (fl. 5th&nbsp;century&nbsp;BC) only found referred to by name in some ancient Greek plays<ref>{{cite book |author=Aristophanes |author-link=Aristophanes |title=[[Lysistrata]] |at=line 1236–1238}}</ref> and later [[scholia]] or commentaries. It is usually thought to be a warlike song<ref>{{cite book |author1=Powell, Anton |author2=Hodkinson, Stephen |title=The Shadow of Sparta |url=https://archive.org/details/shadowsparta00powe |url-access=limited |publisher=Routledge |year=1994 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/shadowsparta00powe/page/n47 39]-40}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter=[[Lysistrata]] |author=Henderson, Jeffrey |title=Three Plays by Aristophanes |publisher=Routledge |year=1996 |page=220}}, or other annotated versions of [[Lysistrata]].</ref> about Telamon's son Ajax,<ref>{{cite book |author=Eustathius of Thessalonica |author-link=Eustathius of Thessalonica |title=Παρεκβολαὶ εἰς τὴν Ὁμήρου Ἰλιάδα καὶ Ὀδύσσειαν |trans-title=Commentaries on [[Homer]]'s [[Iliad]] and [[Odyssey]] |edition=Roman |volume=2 |page=285}}. The song took this name from its first line, "Son of Telamon".</ref> though some other commentaries thought it to be a mournful song about Telamon himself.<ref>{{cite book |author=Erasmus |author-link=Erasmus  |title=[[Adagia]] |at=3, 4, 10: "Canere de Telamone" |quote=...&nbsp;the ''Telamon'' would have been a plaintive song about the father mourning his son.}}</ref> It began with: "Son of Telamon, warlike Ajax! They say you are the bravest of the Greeks who came to Troy, next to Achilles."<ref>English translation of the ''Telamon'' quoted from {{cite book |title=A Select Collection of English Songs |volume=I |year=1783 |chapter=A Historical Essay on the Origin and Progress of National Song |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6a4iAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Son+of+Telamon,+warlike+Ajax%22&pg=PR15-IA9 |page=x}}</ref>

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==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin|25em|small=y}}
* {{cite book |title=[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Bibliotheca]] |author=pseudo-Apollodorus |at=I, viii 2; ix 16; II, vi 4; III, xii 6–7}}
* {{cite book |author-link=Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus) |author=pseudo-Apollodorus |title=Bibliotheca |trans-title=The Library |translator-link=James George Frazer |translator=Frazer, Sir James George |location=Cambridge, MA / London, UK |publisher=Harvard University Press / William Heinemann |year=1921 |isbn=0-674-99135-4 |section-url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 |section=Online version |series=Perseus Digital Library |via=[[Tufts University]]}} {{cite book |url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 |title=Greek text |quote=Greek text available at the same website.}}
* {{cite book |author=Apollonius Rhodius |author-link=Apollonius of Rhodes |title=[[Argonautica]] |at=I, 90–94}}
* {{cite book |author-link=Apollonius of Rhodes |author=Apollonius Rhodius |title=[[Argonautica]] |translator=Seaton, Robert Cooper |series=R.C. Loeb Classical Library |volume=1 |location=London, UK |publisher=William Heinemann |year=1912 |section-url=https://topostext.org/work/126 |section=Online version  |via=Topos Text Project (topostext.org) }}
*{{cite book |author-link=Apollonius of Rhodes |author=Apollonius Rhodius |title=[[Argonautica]] |editor=Mooney, George W. |location=London, UK |publisher=Longmans, Green |year=1912 |section-url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0227 |section=Greek text |via=Perseus Digital Library, [[Tufts University]] }}
* {{cite book |author=Publius Ovidius Naso |author-link=Ovid |title=[[Metamorphoses]] |at=VIII, 309}}
* {{cite book |author=Publius Ovidius Naso |author-link=Ovid |title=[[Metamorphoses]] |translator=More, Brookes |location=Boston, MA |publisher=Cornhill Publishing |year=1922 |section-url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028 |section=Online version |series=Perseus Digital Library |via=[[Tufts University]] }}
* {{cite book |author=Publius Ovidius Naso |author-link=Ovid |year=1892 |title=Metamorphoses |publisher=Hugo Magnus / Friedr. Andr. Perthes. |location=Gotha, Germany |section-url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0029 |section=Latin text |via=Perseus Digital Library, [[Tufts University]] }}
* {{cite book |author-link=John Tzetzes |author=Tzetzes, John |title=Allegories of the Iliad |translator1=Goldwyn, Adam J. |translator2=Kokkini, Dimitra |series=Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-674-96785-4}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Telamon}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Argonauts]]
[[Category:Kings in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Characters in the Argonautica]]
[[Category:Mythological Aeginetans]]
[[Category:Mythological Salaminians]]
[[Category:Salaminian mythology]]
[[Category:Columns and entablature]]